Czechia

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Czechia
Overview of the education system (EAG 2026)
  • In Czechia, the share of adults with tertiary attainment reaches 28.7% (OECD average : 42.7%), while the share of adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment stands at 65.7% (OECD average : 39.9%) and 5.6% of 25-64 year-olds reached below upper secondary education (OECD average : 17.9%).
  • Some 73.8% of children aged 3 are enrolled in early childhood education (OECD average : 81.5%), while 85.2% of children aged 3 to 5 are enrolled in early childhood education (OECD average : 86%).
  • Government expenditure on educational institutions, before transfers, on primary to tertiary education equalled 3.6% of GDP in 2023 (OECD average : 4%), while private expenditure equalled 0.5% (OECD average : 0.6%).
  • In 2023, Czechia allocated an average of 8.4% of total government expenditure to education from primary to tertiary levels (OECD average : 9.8%), equivalent to 3.7% of GDP (OECD average : 4.2%).
  • Total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student equalled 16609 equivalent USD for tertiary education in Czechia (OECD average : 22402 equivalent USD), while it added up to 9679 equivalent USD for primary education (OECD average : 13552 equivalent USD).
  • The unemployment rate among tertiary-educated young adults stands at 2.2% in 2025 (OECD average : 5%), while it is equal to 12.4% for 25-34 year-olds without an upper secondary education (OECD average : 13.9%).
  • Some 7.5% of all 18-24 year-olds were not in employment, education or training (NEET) in 2025 (OECD average : 14.1%), while 16.3% of 25-29 year-olds were NEET (OECD average : 16.3%).
  • On-site work varies with the level of education, while 30.5% of tertiary-educated workers sometimes or usually work from home in Czechia (OECD average : 42.5%), 10.2% of workers with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment did so (OECD average : 17.7%).
  • In Czechia, annual typical teaching hours were 630 hours in primary education (OECD average : 770 hours) and 630 hours in lower secondary education (OECD average : 710 hours).
  • Women represent 99.4% of pre-primary teaching staff in Czechia (OECD average : 95.9%) and 76.6% in lower secondary education (OECD average : 68.2%).
  • In Czechia, there are 91.5% of fully qualified teachers in primary and secondary schools (OECD average : 90.9%).
    • | Education at a Glance 2026 (EAG 2026): OECD Indicators | Country note | Annexes from Education at a Glance 2026 | OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics 2018 | OECD Education Policy Outlook: Czech Republic | Ministerstvo skolství, mládeze a telovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport) | Ceský statistický úrad (Czech Statistical Office) |

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    The following list displays indicators for which your selected country shows the highest and lowest values among countries. The list can be sorted by level of education or by age group. All rankings are calculated including available data from OECD and partner countries. Find out more about the methodology here.

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    Attainment

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained only pre-primary or primary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 38/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7 %, rank 32/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (57 %, rank 1/41 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.6 %, rank 38/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (65.7 %, rank 1/41 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The level of tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (28.7 %, rank 34/41 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The level of tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (36 %, rank 33/41 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The level of tertiary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19.9 %, rank 32/41 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the lowest percentages of 25-64 year-old adults with less than primary education. (0.2 %, rank 24/30 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the lowest percentages of 25-64 year-olds whose highest education level is a short-cycle tertiary education degree. (0.2 %, rank 33/36 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of 25-64 year-olds who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (7.9 %, rank 34/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.8 %, rank 38/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The level of short-cycle tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 30/30 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The level of short-cycle tertiary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 33/35 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (13.6 %, rank 34/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (0.3 %, rank 24/31 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the largest among countries with available data. (21.9 %, rank 8/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Attainment by gender

    The proportion of 25-34 year-old men who have attained tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (28.9 %, rank 34/41 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-old women who have attained tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (43.5 %, rank 33/41 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the smallest shares of 25-64 year-old men whose highest education level is a short-cycle tertiary education degree. (0.1 %, rank 33/35 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the smallest shares of 25-64 year-old women whose highest education level is a short-cycle tertiary education degree. (0.2 %, rank 33/36 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of 25-64 year-old men who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (5.8 %, rank 36/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in Czechia is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.8 %, rank 33/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in Czechia is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.2 %, rank 39/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old women who attained below upper secondary education in Czechia is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6 %, rank 37/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of 55-64 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in Czechia is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.4 %, rank 39/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of 55-64 year-old women who attained below upper secondary education in Czechia is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.2 %, rank 36/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of 25-34 year-old women who have attained a short cycle tertiary degree is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 29/30 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of 25-34 year-old men who have attained a short cycle tertiary degree is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 30/30 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Entrance

    In Czechia, the average age of new entrants in short-cycle programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (21.5 Years, rank 30/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the average age of new entrants in master's programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (24.1 Years, rank 37/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of first-time entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (0.7 %, rank 27/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Participation in education

    The proportion of upper secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (73.8 %, rank 1/41 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the enrolment rate of children under 3 in early childhood education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.6 %, rank 31/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of students enrolled in private institutions at all early childhood education level is comparatively low. (4.7 %, rank 32/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of students enrolled in private institutions at pre-primary level is comparatively low. (4.7 %, rank 40/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the smallest shares of lower secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes. (0.5 %, rank 18/20 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of post-secondary non-tertiary students enrolled in programmes giving full level completion without access to tertiary education is relatively small compared to other OECD or partner contries. (45 %, rank 12/15 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of post-secondary non-tertiary vocational students enrolled in programmes providing full completion and access to tertiary education is relatively small compared to other OECD or partner countries. (55 %, rank 17/22 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in upper secondary programmes in Czechia is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (70.7 %, rank 5/43 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in upper secondary general programmes in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19.4 %, rank 41/43 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in upper secondary vocational programmes in Czechia is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (51.2 %, rank 2/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of two-year-olds in early childhood education in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9.7 %, rank 31/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of female students enrolled in lower secondary vocational programmes is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (41.3 %, rank 15/20 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Graduation

    The share of first-time short-cycle graduates is relatively low in Czechia. (0.9 %, rank 24/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The average age of first-time tertiary graduates from short-cycle tertiary programmes in Czechia is among the youngest. (23.5 Years, rank 21/25 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Graduation by gender

    The share of female graduates from upper secondary general programmes is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (59.5 %, rank 5/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Among OECD and partner countries with available data, Czechia has one of the largest shares of women graduates from tertiary programmes. (61.8 %, rank 6/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18 %, rank 36/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of doctoral graduates in the field of social sciences, journalism and information in Czechia is relatively small. (6.1 %, rank 33/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education and gender

    The proportion of female tertiary graduates in business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (18 %, rank 33/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of male tertiary graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.1 %, rank 35/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (66.9 %, rank 29/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of information and communication technologies is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (17.6 %, rank 29/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Fields of education

    In Czechia, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of business, administration and law is relatively low. (19.2 %, rank 23/27 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of business, administration and law is relatively small. (0 %, rank 27/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of information and communication technologies is relatively small. (0 %, rank 26/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is relatively small. (0 %, rank 28/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in field of health and welfare is relatively small. (0 %, rank 24/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is relatively low, compared to other countries with available data. (6.5 %, rank 28/31 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics is comparatively low in Czechia, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 28/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of services is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (0 %, rank 24/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Student mobility

    Czechia has a large share of international students among tertiary graduates compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (15.5 %, rank 6/30 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the largest proportions of international or foreign students enrolled in tertiary education among OECD and partner countries with available data. (16.7 %, rank 9/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of international students among first-time bachelor's graduates is relatively high. (11.4 %, rank 7/30 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in bachelor's programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (14.6 %, rank 7/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.1 %, rank 8/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Adult participation in non-formal education

    Among adults aged 25-64 with tertiary attainment, the share reporting never having participated in non-formal education or training in Czechia was among the smallest across countries with available data. (5.2 %, rank 23/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student

    Annual expenditure per primary student is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9679 USD Equivalent, rank 28/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per student in post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2151 USD Equivalent, rank 23/23 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per tertiary student, excluding R&D activities, is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (10369 USD Equivalent, rank 31/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student for core educational services on tertiary education in Czechia is comparatively low. (10267 USD Equivalent, rank 33/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Expenditure in education and national wealth

    In Czechia, expenditure on primary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively low. (0.9 %, rank 31/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, expenditure on secondary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively high. (2.3 %, rank 4/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, expenditure on tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively low. (0.9 %, rank 34/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Government and private expenditure in education

    The share of government expenditure allocated to tertiary education is relatively smallest compared to other OECD and partner countries. (1.5 %, rank 40/43 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Teachers

    The number of hours per year primary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively low in Czechia. (630 Hours, rank 32/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The number of hours per year pre-primary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively high in Czechia. (1308 Hours, rank 4/33 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Who the teachers are

    The share of women among teaching staff in pre-primary education is one of the largest across OECD and partner countries with available data. (99.4 %, rank 4/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in primary education is one of the largest across OECD and partner countries with available data. (94 %, rank 4/43 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in lower secondary education is one of the largest across OECD and partner countries with available data. (76.6 %, rank 8/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the smallest across OECD and partner countries with available data. (40.4 %, rank 21/23 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in bachelor's, master's, doctorate or equivalent education is one of the smallest compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (38.3 %, rank 34/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (38.4 %, rank 36/41 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers older than 50 is especially high. (44.3 %, rank 9/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Females under 30 represent a low proportion of teachers in upper secondary education in Czechia. (45.9 %, rank 39/41 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of short-cycle tertiary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (43.3 %, rank 20/25 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of short-cycle tertiary female teachers younger than 30 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (46 %, rank 19/23 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of teachers' aides among contact staff in pre-primary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9.8 Ratio, rank 18/21 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of male teachers in pre-primary education is especially low in Czechia. (0.6 %, rank 36/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries

    After 15 years of experience, a lower secondary teacher with minimum qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (31829 USD Equivalent, rank 40/42 , 2025) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, an upper secondary teacher with minimum qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (31829 USD Equivalent, rank 40/42 , 2025) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a pre-primary teacher with minimum qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (28563 USD Equivalent, rank 34/35 , 2025) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a primary teacher with minimum qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (31829 USD Equivalent, rank 40/42 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The ratio of primary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.69 Ratio, rank 14/18 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The ratio of lower secondary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.68 Ratio, rank 15/18 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The ratio of upper secondary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.71 Ratio, rank 15/19 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Compared to 2015, the change in statutory salaries for lower secondary education teachers with 15 years of experience and the most prevalent qualifications in Czechia was relatively large. (109 Index, rank 10/33 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, average actual salaries for pre-primary teachers aged 25-64 rank among the lowest across OECD and partner countries with available data. (33731 USD Equivalent, rank 27/30 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, average actual salaries for primary teachers aged 25-64 rank among the lowest across OECD and partner countries with available data. (42352 USD Equivalent, rank 29/34 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, average actual salaries for lower secondary teachers aged 25-64 rank among the lowest across OECD and partner countries with available data. (42436 USD Equivalent, rank 29/34 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, average actual salaries for upper secondary teachers aged 25-64 rank among the lowest across OECD and partner countries with available data. (45172 USD Equivalent, rank 28/34 , 2025) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a lower secondary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (31829 USD Equivalent, rank 40/42 , 2025) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, an upper secondary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (31829 USD Equivalent, rank 40/42 , 2025) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a pre-primary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (28563 USD Equivalent, rank 34/35 , 2025) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a primary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (31829 USD Equivalent, rank 41/42 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The ratio of lower secondary female teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year women workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.83 Ratio, rank 23/26 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The ratio of lower secondary male teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year men workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.61 Ratio, rank 23/26 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The average actual salary of 25-64 year-old lower secondary female teachers is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (42195 USD Equivalent, rank 24/27 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The average actual salary of 25-64 year-old lower secondary male teachers is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (42348 USD Equivalent, rank 24/27 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The salaries of 25-34 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education are low in Czechia. (0.74 Ratio, rank 23/26 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The salaries of 35-44 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education are low in Czechia. (0.65 Ratio, rank 24/26 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The salaries of 45-54 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education are low in Czechia. (0.66 Ratio, rank 24/26 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The salaries of 55-64 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education are low in Czechia. (0.76 Ratio, rank 18/26 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 25-34 year-old lower-secondary teachers in Czechia are among the lowest across countries with available data. (38014 USD Equivalent, rank 24/27 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the average actual salaries of 35-44 year-old lower-secondary teachers is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (40492 USD Equivalent, rank 24/27 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the average actual salaries of 45-54 year-old lower-secondary teachers is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (43633 USD Equivalent, rank 24/27 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the average actual salaries of 55-64 year-old lower-secondary teachers is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (45804 USD Equivalent, rank 25/27 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries progression

    Salaries of primary school teachers with minimum qualifications after 10 years of experience are especially low. (30489 USD Equivalent, rank 39/42 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Salaries of primary school teachers with minimum qualifications at the top of the scale are especially low. (37609 USD Equivalent, rank 43/44 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Salaries of lower secondary teachers with minimum qualifications after 10 years of experience are especially low. (30489 USD Equivalent, rank 38/42 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Salaries of lower secondary teachers with minimum qualifications at the top of the scale are especially low. (37776 USD Equivalent, rank 42/44 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Salaries of upper secondary teachers with minimum qualifications after 10 years of experience are especially low. (30489 USD Equivalent, rank 38/42 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Salaries of upper secondary teachers with minimum qualifications at the top of the scale are especially low. (37693 USD Equivalent, rank 42/44 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Salaries of pre-primary teachers with minimum qualifications after 10 years of experience are especially low. (27893 USD Equivalent, rank 34/35 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Salaries of pre-primary teachers with minimum qualifications at the top of the scale are especially low. (31746 USD Equivalent, rank 36/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The ratio of pre-primary teachers' salaries at the top of the scale to their starting salary is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.17 Ratio, rank 32/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In pre-primary education, the salary ratio of teachers with maximum qualifications at the top of the salary scale to those with minimum training and starting salaries is relatively low. (1.17 Ratio, rank 32/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Principals' salaries

    In Czechia, the average actual salaries of 25-64 year-old pre-primary school heads is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (48903 USD Equivalent, rank 21/23 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the average actual salaries of 25-64 year-old primary school heads is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (66754 USD Equivalent, rank 24/30 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the average actual salaries of 25-64 year-old lower secondary school heads is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (66754 USD Equivalent, rank 25/30 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the average actual salaries of 25-64 year-old upper-secondary school heads is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (73902 USD Equivalent, rank 24/30 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the average actual salaries of 25-34 year-old lower-secondary school heads is relatively low compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (56633 USD Equivalent, rank 17/19 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 35-44 year-old lower secondary school heads is one of the lowest in Czechia. (60925 USD Equivalent, rank 21/24 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 45-54 year-old lower secondary school heads is one of the lowest in Czechia. (66635 USD Equivalent, rank 21/24 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 55-64 year-old lower secondary school heads is one of the lowest in Czechia. (69784 USD Equivalent, rank 21/24 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of lower secondary men school heads aged 25 to 64 is one of the lowest in Czechia. (69357 USD Equivalent, rank 22/25 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of lower secondary women school heads aged 25 to 64 is one of the lowest in Czechia. (65555 USD Equivalent, rank 22/25 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Teacher shortages

    The gap in job satisfaction between teachers and other similarly educated employed adults aged 16-65 is especially wide in favor of teachers in Czechia. (7.5 % points, rank 3/27 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Between 2015 and 2024, Czechia reported an increase in the number of students enrolled in education. (109 Index, rank 10/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Ratio of student to teaching staff

    The number of students per teacher in primary schools is one of the highest among OECD countries and partner countries with available data. (17.9 Ratio, rank 7/43 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the number of students per teacher in private institutions at the short-cycle tertiary level is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (12.9 Ratio, rank 13/18 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the number of students per teacher in government-dependent private institutions at the short-cycle tertiary level is one of the highest among countries with available data. (12.9 Ratio, rank 9/11 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Organisation of the education system

    Classes in private primary institutions are comparatively small in Czechia. (15 Students, rank 31/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Classes in lower secondary private institutions are comparatively small in Czechia. (15 Students, rank 33/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In government-dependent private institutions at primary education level, the average class size is relatively small in Czechia among OECD and other partner countries with available data. (15 Students, rank 18/22 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In government-dependent private institutions at lower secondary level, the average class size is relatively small in Czechia among OECD and partner countries with available data. (15 Students, rank 21/22 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Employment and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively high across participating countries. (87 %, rank 1/41 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with tertiary education is relatively low in Czechia compared to other participating countries. (79.4 %, rank 37/41 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high in Czechia compared to other participating countries. (83.7 %, rank 10/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 35-44 year-olds with a short-cycle tertiary education is comparatively low. (65.1 %, rank 29/29 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Czechia. (74.8 %, rank 36/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Czechia. (75.1 %, rank 16/18 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Czechia. (82.2 %, rank 33/36 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Employment by gender and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old women without upper secondary education is comparatively high across participating countries. (58.3 %, rank 8/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively low in Czechia compared to other participating countries. (69.3 %, rank 39/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Unemployment and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low across surveyed countries. (2.6 %, rank 40/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low across surveyed countries. (2.2 %, rank 38/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low across surveyed countries. (0.9 %, rank 35/36 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low across surveyed countries. (2.3 %, rank 38/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low across surveyed countries. (1.3 %, rank 39/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (1.7 %, rank 36/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (1.2 %, rank 32/36 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Czechia. (2.3 %, rank 35/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Czechia. (2.1 %, rank 30/34 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Unemployment by gender and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low across surveyed countries. (1.9 %, rank 39/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old men with tertiary education is comparatively low across surveyed countries. (0.9 %, rank 40/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old women with upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low across surveyed countries. (2.7 %, rank 36/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old women with tertiary education is comparatively low across surveyed countries. (1.7 %, rank 34/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old men with below upper secondary education is relatively low in Czechia compared to other participating countries. (9.1 %, rank 29/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old men with tertiary education is relatively low in Czechia compared to other participating countries. (1.4 %, rank 37/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Czechia compared to other participating countries. (1.9 %, rank 40/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively low in Czechia compared to other participating countries. (3 %, rank 30/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old men with tertiary education is relatively low in Czechia compared to other participating countries. (0.9 %, rank 33/34 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively low in Czechia compared to other participating countries. (1 %, rank 32/35 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Inactivity and educational attainment

    The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with tertiary education is high in Czechia. (18.8 %, rank 2/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (10.9 %, rank 39/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The inactivity rate of 55-64 years-old adults with tertiary education is low in Czechia. (9.6 %, rank 40/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Inactivity by gender and educational attainment

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (16 %, rank 38/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (3 %, rank 40/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (6.5 %, rank 38/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with tertiary education is relatively low. (3.1 %, rank 40/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Earnings and educational attainment

    The proportional difference in earnings between 25-64 year-old adults with tertiary education and those with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is quite substantial. (160 Index, rank 9/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Earnings of 25-64 year-old full- and part-time workers with a short cycle tertiary education degree are comparatively low across surveyed countries. (106.4 %, rank 21/24 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Earnings of 25-64 year-old full- and part-time workers with a bachelor's or equivalent education are comparatively low across surveyed countries. (131.6 %, rank 20/25 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 25-64 year-olds with below secondary education compared to those of adults with an upper secondary education are relatively low in Czechia. (79.2 %, rank 20/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of workers earning more than twice the median among those with a short-cycle tertiary education degree is comparatively small. (3.3 %, rank 22/22 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers without an upper secondary education earning at or below half the overall median in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (13 Index, rank 26/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education earning at or below half the overall median in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (4 Index, rank 28/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers with tertiary education earning at or below half the overall median in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (1 Index, rank 28/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Earnings and skill level

    The share of high earners aged 25-64 with high numeracy, literacy and adaptive problem-solving skills in the Adult Skills Survey was among the greatest in Czechia compared with other countries with available data. (70.9 %, rank 6/21 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Earnings, gender and educational attainment

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (among 25-64 year-olds without an upper secondary education with income from employment) are one of the highest among countries with available data. (83.8 %, rank 9/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (among 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education and income from employment) are one of the highest among countries with available data. (83.6 %, rank 7/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education and income from employment) are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (73 %, rank 25/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (25-64 year-olds with income from employment) are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (81.3 %, rank 23/27 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of young women's earnings as a percentage of men's earnings (25-34 year-olds with tertiary education working full-time full-year), is relatively low compared to OECD and other members with available data. (80.5 %, rank 24/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (25-34 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are among the lowest across countries with available data. (80.9 %, rank 14/19 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (45-54 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are among the lowest across countries with available data. (74 %, rank 13/18 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (45-54 year-olds with tertiary education working full-time full-year) are among the lowest across countries with available data. (69.9 %, rank 24/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Neither in education nor employed

    The share of inactive youth neither in formal education nor training among 18-24 year-olds in Czechia is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (4.5 %, rank 35/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of unemployed youth neither in formal education nor training among 18-24 year-olds in Czechia is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (7.5 %, rank 36/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of youth who have been unemployed for at least 3 months but less than a year and not in formal education or training among 18-24 year-olds in Czechia is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (0.8 %, rank 26/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of youth who have been unemployed for less than 3 months and not in formal education or training among 18-24 year-olds in Czechia is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (0.8 %, rank 25/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (5.3 %, rank 26/27 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-29 year-olds neither in employment nor in education and training with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Czechia is relatively low. (10.7 %, rank 27/32 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (3.8 %, rank 28/30 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (4 %, rank 37/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of men with tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (2.7 %, rank 33/33 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are inactive NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (6.1 %, rank 32/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are inactive NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (2.5 %, rank 38/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are unemployed NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (2.3 %, rank 35/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are inactive NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (2.9 %, rank 37/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are unemployed NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (2.7 %, rank 35/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of unemployed NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (2.3 %, rank 33/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The proportion of youth neither employed nor in education or training among 20-24 year-olds in Czechia is relatively small. (8.5 %, rank 35/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The proportion of youth neither employed nor in education or training among 15-29 year-olds in Czechia is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.9 %, rank 34/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of men neither employed nor in education among 15-29 year-olds is relatively low. (4.8 %, rank 38/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Among 20-24 year-old men in Czechia, a small share of them are neither employed nor in education or training. (5.7 %, rank 37/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Among 25-29 year-old men in Czechia, a small share of them are neither employed nor in education or training. (5.9 %, rank 38/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 18-24 year-olds who are neither employed nor in education or training is comparatively small in Czechia. (7.5 %, rank 36/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 18-24 year-old men neither employed nor in education or training is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (5.6 %, rank 38/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 18-24 year-old women neither employed nor in education or training is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (9.5 %, rank 31/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Social outcomes

    In Czechia, the share of employed men aged 25-64 with tertiary education reporting high or very high flexibility in their main job was among the highest across countries with available data. (57 %, rank 6/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of employed women aged 25-64 with tertiary education reporting high or very high flexibility in their main job was among the highest across countries with available data. (45.1 %, rank 4/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Among employed adults aged 25-64 with below upper secondary attainment, the share who sometimes or usually work from home in Czechia was among the smallest across countries with available data. (5 %, rank 20/29 , 2023) Download Indicator


    The data table will display up to six selected countries.
    General findings
    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • Educational attainment remains at an all-time high in 2025 as more people obtain advanced qualifications. Across the OECD, 43% of working-age adults have a tertiary qualification, while the share of adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment is slightly lower at 39%.
    • On a similar note, the share of young adults without upper secondary attainment continues to decline across the OECD, standing at 12% in 2025. Therefore, while more young adults obtain a tertiary qualification, the share of individuals whose highest qualification is upper secondary with a vocational orientation is decreasing in almost all OECD countries. 
    • Regarding the share of young people being neither in employment nor in education or training, it stood at 14% as of 2025 across OECD countries. However, cross-country comparisons reveal a wide variety of trends, ranging from large falls in Croatia or Ireland to increases in Germany or Latvia.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Attainment | Education policies: Labour market outcomes | 
    
                            
    
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    • Most children aged 3 to 5 are enrolled in early childhood education, with an average participation rate of 86% across the OECD in 2024. Participation in early childhood education increases with age and tends to be higher in countries with stronger institutional support for participation.
    • 76.2% of students complete upper secondary programmes within the theoretical programme duration. This rises to 84.9% with two additional years on average across the OECD.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Access and Participation  | 
    
                            
    
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    • In 2023, OECD countries allocated an average of 9.8% of total government expenditure to education, equivalent to 4.2% of GDP.
    • Total expenditure on education tends to rise with the level of education. In primary education, expenditure per student was USD 13 552 in 2023 on average across the OECD. This amount rises to USD 14 923 in secondary education and to USD 22 402 in tertiary education.
    • Tertiary education continues to expand, placing pressure on public budgets. Private sources represent a larger share of total funding at the tertiary level than at any other level of education. However, as a whole most investment in education comes from public sources. On average, across the OECD, government expenditure on primary to tertiary education corresponded to 4% of GDP in 2023, while private expenditure corresponded to 0.6%. Both of these figures are measured as initial source of funds, which implies that we are tracking the original provider.
    • Research and development represents around one-third of total expenditure across the OECD on tertiary educational institutions, underlining their dual role in both teaching and research. On average across the OECD, in 2023, USD 8 060 were invested annually into research and development for every student enrolled in tertiary education.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Finance and Funding | 
    
                            
    
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    • Compulsory teaching time averages 770 hours per year for primary students and 710 hours for lower secondary students (general programmes), a difference of about 60 hours annually.
    • The ratio of children to teachers in primary education has slightly fallen across most OECD countries, decreasing from an average of 15 children per teacher in 2015 to 14 in 2024.
    • Teachers’ statutory salaries increase with the level of education taught. On average, across OECD countries and economies, the salaries of teachers with the most prevalent qualifications with 15 years of experience range from USD 60 437 at pre-primary level to USD 68 928 at upper secondary level.
    • Teachers’ actual salaries at primary and general secondary levels of education are 87-95% of the average earnings of tertiary-educated workers across OECD countries. School heads' actual salaries are usually higher than those of tertiary-educated workers.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Teachers | Education policies: Learning environment | OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS)  | 
    
                            
    
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    • On average across OECD countries, 9.1% of teachers in primary and secondary education are non-fully qualified, with shares exceeding 18% in Chile, Denmark, Estonia and Germany.
    • Furthermore, the share of fully qualified teachers leaving the profession in primary and secondary schools stands at 6.4% of the total teaching workforce.
    • The ratio of children to teachers in primary education has slightly fallen across most OECD countries, decreasing from an average of 15 children per teacher in 2015 to 14 in 2024.
    • Regarding job satisfaction among teachers, participating countries show wide differences. Japan, Spain and Czechia reported that teachers tend to be much more satisfied with their jobs than other employed adults. On the other hand, teachers in Hungary, Chile or Latvia tend to be less satisfied with their jobs than other employed adults.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Teachers | Education policies: Teacher working conditions | Education policies: Teacher employment | 
    
                            
    
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            Diagram of funding flows - Czechia
            
    
            
    
        
    


        
		
    
            
    
			Click on the coverpage to see the full OECD iLibrary version
			
    
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            Country Reviews for Czechia
            
    
            
    
			
    
        
    
		
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
        
    
            Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced by countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple
            most- or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in education must be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities, 
			such as loans and grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey more and better content to students, but may hinder investments in other important
            areas. If you want further information on the nature of different variables, please take the time to read the analysis and contextual information, available at the website
            for each publication.
    
            All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: https://www.oecd.org/en/about/members-partners.html
            

    
			
            Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some 
			countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. 
			However, OECD averages from Education at a Glance coming from the OECD database are the averages for the indicator reference year appearing in the Education GPS and may differ from averages in the book where averages can include data from multiple reference years, based on countries' data availability.
			

    
			To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2026 for school year 2025/2026 in the Northern Hemisphere.
			

    
	    *TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. 
		This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages.
		Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and 
		Sources Methodologies and Technical Notes 
		of EAG 2025 for more details about the data collections.
		

    
        For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.