Data profiles
Choose a data profile by publication, topic or level of education, then explore and compare results through interactive charts and tables, refining by country, age, or educational level. Access data across all available countries —OECD and non-OECD— and create customized maps, graphs, and charts. Save your selection PDFs or embed the visualisations directly into your presentations and documents.
Explore by publication  By publication:
  • Education at a Glance 2026 (EAG 2026): Highlights   
  • EAG 2026, Part A: The output of educational institutions and the impact of learning   
  • EAG 2026, Part B: Access to education, participation and progression   
  • EAG 2026, Part C: Financial resources invested in education   
  • EAG 2026, Part D: Teachers, learning environment and organisation of schools   
  • PISA 2025 Results (Volume I): Future-Ready Students   
  • PISA 2022 Results (Volume II): Learning During - and From - Disruption   
  • PISA 2022 Results (Volume III): Creative Minds, Creative Schools   
  • PISA 2022 Results (Volume V): Learning Strategies and Attitudes for Life   
  • PISA 2018 Results (Volume IV): Are Students Smart About Money?   
  • PISA 2018 Results (Volume VI): Are Students Ready to Thrive in an Interconnected World?   
  • PISA 2018: Are Students Ready To Take On Environmental Challenges?   
  • TALIS 2024: The State of Teaching   
  • TALIS 2024: The Value of School Principals in TALIS 2024   
  • TALIS 2024: Starting Strong Survey   
  • Survey of Adult Skills 2023 (PIAAC)   
  • Explore by topic  By topic:
  • Student outcomes   
  • Collaborative Problem Solving   
  • Adult competencies   
  • Access & participation   
  • Student mobility   
  • Education attainment   
  • Education system & governance   
  • Evaluation & quality assurance   
  • Financing education   
  • Learning environment   
  • Students' well-being   
  • Equity   
  • Gender   
  • Digital divide   
  • Special needs   
  • Socio-economic status   
  • Migrant background   
  • Economic & social outcomes   
  • Teachers & educators   
  • Teacher practices   
  • Teacher initial education   
  • Teacher professional development   
  • Teacher employment   
  • Teacher working conditions   
  • Education leadership   
  • Artificial intelligence in education   
  • Future of education and skills   
  • Research & innovation   
  • Explore by level of education  By level of education:
  • Early childhood education & care   
  • Primary education   
  • Secondary education   
  • Vocational education & training (VET)   
  • Tertiary education   
  • Adult education   
  • EAG 2026, Part D: Teachers, learning environment and organisation of schools
  • Student-teacher ratios have generally fallen over the past decade. Between 2015 and 2024, the ratio of children to teachers in pre-primary education declined by 14% on average across OECD countries, while the primary ratio fell from 15:1 to 14:1. In 2024, there were on average 13 children per teacher in pre-primary education, 14 students per teacher in primary education and 13 at both lower and upper secondary levels.
  • Statutory teacher salaries generally rise with the level of education taught. For teachers with the most prevalent qualifications and 15 years of experience, average salaries in 2025 ranged from USD 60 437 at pre-primary level to USD 64 349 in primary, USD 66 583 in lower secondary and USD 68 928 in upper secondary education.
  • Teacher salaries increase substantially over the course of a career. At lower secondary level, teachers with minimum qualifications earned USD 49 577 on average at the start of their careers in 2025, rising to USD 62 435 after 10 years and USD 78 414 at the top of the scale. The top salary was 1.59 times the starting salary, and teachers took an average of 21.6 years to reach it.
  • Teachers' actual salaries are below those of similarly educated workers with tertiary education in all OECD countries with available data. This pattern holds from pre-primary through upper secondary education, although the salary gap generally narrows at higher levels of education.
  • Required teaching time decreases at higher levels of education. Teachers in public institutions teach on average 965 hours per year at pre-primary level, 770 at primary, 710 at lower secondary and 678 at upper secondary level.
  • Women dominate the teaching profession at lower levels of education, but much less so at tertiary level. Across OECD countries, women account for 96% of pre-primary teachers and 83% of primary teachers, compared with 68% at lower secondary, 60% at upper secondary and 46% at tertiary level.
  • The share of older teachers tends to increase at higher levels of education. Teachers aged 50 or older account for 30% of pre-primary teachers on average across the OECD, rising to 34% in primary, 37% in lower secondary and 41% in upper secondary education. At tertiary level, the share is also 41%.
  • School inspection and self-evaluation are mandatory in most education systems where these processes are regulated. School inspections can take place as frequently as annually or as infrequently as once every six years, while school self-evaluations are typically annual, although in some systems they occur only every five years.
  • Formal appraisal frameworks are widespread for both teachers and school heads. Teacher appraisal is covered by a policy framework in 24 of the 30 countries and economies with available information, while school-head appraisal is covered in 21 of 30. Where these forms of appraisal are regulated, they are generally mandatory.
  • Select first some countries to compare, choose the chart you wish to display and customise them.

    Select OECD countries

    Australia
    Austria
    Belgium
    Flemish Region (Belgium)
    Belgium (French)
    Belgium (excl. Flemish)
    Canada
    Alberta (Canada)
    New Brunswick (Canada)
    Quebec (Canada)
    Canadian provinces
    Chile
    Colombia
    Costa Rica
    Czechia
    Denmark
    Estonia
    Finland
    France
    Germany
    Greece
    Hungary
    Iceland
    Ireland
    Israel
    Italy
    Japan
    Korea
    Latvia
    Lithuania
    Luxembourg
    Mexico
    Netherlands
    New Zealand
    Norway
    Poland
    Portugal
    Slovak Republic
    Slovenia
    Spain
    Sweden
    Switzerland
    Türkiye
    United Kingdom
    England (UK)
    Northern Ireland (UK)
    Scotland (UK)
    United States
    OECD average
    OECD total

    Non-OECD countries

    G20 average
    TALIS average
    TALIS avg. primary education
    TALIS avg. upper secondary education
    Albania
    Algeria
    Argentina
    Armenia
    Azerbaijan
    Bahrain
    Buenos Aires (Argentina)
    Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Brazil
    Brunei Darussalam
    Bulgaria
    Cambodia
    China
    B-S-J-Z (China)
    Hong Kong (China)
    Macao (China)
    Shanghai (China)
    Chinese Taipei
    Croatia
    Dominican Republic
    Ecuador
    El Salvador
    Georgia
    Guatemala
    India
    Indonesia
    Jamaica
    Jordan
    Kazakhstan
    Kenya
    Kyrgyzstan
    Kosovo
    Kurdistan Region (Iraq)
    Lebanon
    North Macedonia
    Malaysia
    Malta
    Mauritius
    Moldova
    Mongolia
    Montenegro
    Morocco
    Palestinian Authority
    Panama
    Paraguay
    Peru
    Philippines
    Qatar
    Romania
    Rwanda
    Saudi Arabia
    Serbia
    Singapore
    South Africa
    Dushanbe (Tajikistan)
    Thailand
    Trinidad and Tobago
    Tunisia
    United Arab Emirates
    Abu Dhabi (UAE)
    Ukraine
    Uruguay
    Uzbekistan
    Viet Nam
    Zambia
    The data table will display up to four selected countries (unselect the OECD average to have one more).
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    Country Profile quick links
    Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced by countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple most- or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in education must be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities, such as loans and grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey more and better content to students, but may hinder investments in other important areas. If you want further information on the nature of different variables, please take the time to read the analysis and contextual information, available at the website for each publication.
    The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/

    Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. However, OECD averages from Education at a Glance coming from the OECD database are the averages for the indicator reference year appearing in the Education GPS and may differ from averages in the book where averages can include data from multiple reference years, based on countries' data availability.

    To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2026 for school year 2025/2026 in the Northern Hemisphere.

    *TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS average. Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See TALIS technical report and Education at a Glance sources methodologies and technical notes for more details about the data collections.

    For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory text.