Peru
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Peru
Overview of the education system (EAG 2025)
  • In Peru, only 2% of young adults held a master’s or equivalent in 2024, up from 1% in 2022 but far below the OECD average of 16%, showing limited progression to postgraduate study.
  • Public investment per learner outside tertiary is low, at USD 1,984 per student from primary to post-secondary non-tertiary, near the bottom of the OECD range.
  • Pre-primary finance contracted sharply (2015–2022), as government expenditure decreased by 100% while enrolment increased by 2.4%, causing a 100% decrease in spending per child versus a 24% OECD rise.
  • Primary teachers earn 51% more than tertiary-educated workers, contrasting with the OECD pattern where teachers earn 17% less on average.
  • Completion outcomes are low: 10% finish within the theoretical duration, 25% within +1 year, and 40% within +3 years, well below OECD averages of 43%, 59%, and 70%.
  • The share of 25–34 year-olds without upper secondary fell from 52% to 49% (2022–2024), mirroring the OECD decline to 13% but still leaving a large cohort without this qualification.
    • | Education at a Glance 2025 | Country note | Annexes from Education at a Glance 2025 | OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics 2018 |

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    The following list displays indicators for which your selected country shows the highest and lowest values among countries. The list can be sorted by level of education or by age group. All rankings are calculated including available data from OECD and partner countries. Find out more about the methodology here.

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    Attainment

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (48.7 %, rank 1/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (60.7 %, rank 1/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the percentage of 25-64 year-olds who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (36.5 %, rank 2/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Peru has one of the lowest percentages of 25-64 year-olds whose highest education level is a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree. (2.7 %, rank 33/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (70.7 %, rank 2/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (49.6 %, rank 1/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (1.7 %, rank 33/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Attainment by gender

    In Peru, the share of 25-64 year-old men who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the largest among countries with available data. (36.8 %, rank 2/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old women who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the largest among countries with available data. (36.3 %, rank 2/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Peru has one of the smallest shares of 25-64 year-old men whose highest education level is a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree. (2.7 %, rank 32/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Peru has one of the smallest shares of 25-64 year-old women whose highest education level is a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree. (2.7 %, rank 33/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in Peru is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (49.5 %, rank 1/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old women who attained below upper secondary education in Peru is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (48 %, rank 1/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in Peru is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (60.5 %, rank 1/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old women who attained below upper secondary education in Peru is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (61 %, rank 1/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Attainment by field of education

    The percentage of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of humanities (except languages), social sciences, journalism and information is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (5.2 %, rank 28/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of arts and humanities, social sciences, journalism and information is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (8.4 %, rank 28/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (2.2 %, rank 27/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Entrance

    The share of female new entrants integrating short-cycle tertiary programmes in Peru is comparatively small. (27.2 %, rank 33/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the proportion of new female entrants in master's long first degree (LFD) programmes is relatively low. (55.4 %, rank 23/26 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the proportion of first-time entrants into doctorate's or equivalent programmes before the age of 30 is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.6 %, rank 40/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Entrance by field of education and gender

    Female new entrants to bachelor’s programmes in arts and humanities placed Peru among the smallest across countries. (57.7 %, rank 37/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (40.8 %, rank 37/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of female students entering short cycle tertiaryprogrammes in natural sciences, mathematics and statistics in Peru is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (26 %, rank 20/24 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of female in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of arts and humanities is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (29 %, rank 30/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of female in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of services is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (29 %, rank 25/27 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Participation in education

    The enrolment rate among 15-19 year-olds in Peru is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (63.2 %, rank 40/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of four-year-olds in early childhood and primary education in Peru is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (99.4 %, rank 3/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students in government-dependent private tertiary educational institutions is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.1 %, rank 21/24 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students in independent private tertiary educational institutions is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (68.6 %, rank 5/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of female students in upper secondary general programmes placed Peru among the smallest across countries. (48.9 %, rank 43/47 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the percentage of students enrolled in private institutions at early childhood educational and development level is comparatively low. (10.9 %, rank 25/28 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in upper secondary programmes in Peru is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (39.3 %, rank 45/47 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of five-year-olds in ECEC in Peru is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education

    In Peru, the share of short-cycle tertiary vocational graduates in the field of services is relatively high compared to other OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (6 %, rank 1/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Completion rates

    The completion rate of female new entrants to bachelor's programmes by the end of the theoretical duration of the programme was among the lowest across countries with available data. (11.4 %, rank 33/33 , 2020) Download Indicator

    For male new entrants, the completion rate to bachelor's programmes by the end of the theoretical duration of the programme placed Peru among countries with the lowest values. (8.2 %, rank 33/33 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Completion rates of all new entrants to bachelor's programmes by the theoretical duration ranked Peru among the countries with the lowest levels. (9.9 %, rank 33/33 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Female completion rates to bachelor's programmes, measured by the end of the theoretical duration plus one year, were among the lowest across participating countries. (28.4 %, rank 32/32 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Male completion rates to bachelor's programmes by the end of the theoretical duration plus one year were among the lowest in Peru compared to other countries. (21.8 %, rank 32/32 , 2021) Download Indicator

    By the end of the theoretical duration plus one year, completion rates of all new entrants to bachelor's programmes placed Peru among the lowest across countries with available data. (25.2 %, rank 32/32 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Female completion rates to bachelor's programmes, measured three years beyond the theoretical duration, were among the lowest across countries with available data. (43.5 %, rank 31/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Male completion rates to bachelor's programmes three years after the theoretical duration placed Peru among the lowest values internationally. (35.9 %, rank 31/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The completion rate of all new entrants to bachelor's programmes, measured three years beyond the theoretical end of the programme, ranked Peru among the lowest across countries. (39.9 %, rank 31/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the completion rate of female new entrants to bachelor's programmes in Education, measured three years after the theoretical end of the programme, was among the lowest internationally. (41.4 %, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Male completion rates in Education bachelor's programmes three years after the theoretical end of the programme placed Peru among the countries with the lowest values. (31.5 %, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The completion rate of all new entrants to bachelor's programmes in Education, three years beyond the theoretical duration, ranked among the lowest across countries with available data. (38.7 %, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Completion rates of female new entrants to Arts and humanities bachelor's programmes three years after the theoretical end were among the lowest internationally. (28.9 %, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    For male students, completion rates in Arts and humanities bachelor's programmes three years beyond the theoretical end placed Peru among the lowest across countries. (24.8 %, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Completion rates of all new entrants to bachelor's programmes in Arts and humanities three years after the theoretical duration were among the lowest across participating countries. (27 %, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Female completion rates in Social sciences, journalism and information bachelor's programmes, three years after the theoretical end, placed Peru among the lowest internationally. (53.4 %, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Male completion rates to Social sciences, journalism and information bachelor's programmes three years beyond the theoretical end were among the lowest across countries with available data. (42.2 %, rank 28/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The completion rate of all new entrants to Social sciences, journalism and information bachelor's programmes, measured three years after the theoretical end, ranked Peru among the lowest across countries. (49.4 %, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, female completion rates in Business, administration and law bachelor's programmes three years after the theoretical duration were among the lowest values internationally. (45.4 %, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Male completion rates in Business, administration and law bachelor's programmes three years after the theoretical end placed Peru among the lowest across countries. (36.6 %, rank 28/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The completion rate of all new entrants to Business, administration and law bachelor's programmes three years beyond the theoretical duration ranked among the lowest internationally. (41.6 %, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Female completion rates to bachelor's programmes in Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics, measured three years after the theoretical end, placed Peru among the lowest internationally. (56.9 %, rank 26/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, male completion rates in Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics bachelor's programmes three years after the theoretical duration were among the lowest across countries. (47.5 %, rank 27/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Completion rates of all new entrants to Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics bachelor's programmes three years beyond the theoretical end ranked Peru among the lowest internationally. (51.8 %, rank 27/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Completion rates of female new entrants to ICT bachelor's programmes, three years after the theoretical duration, placed Peru among the lowest values across countries. (46.9 %, rank 27/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Male completion rates in ICT bachelor's programmes three years beyond the theoretical end of the programme ranked among the lowest across countries with available data. (36.3 %, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, completion rates of all new entrants to ICT bachelor's programmes three years after the theoretical duration were among the lowest across countries. (39.4 %, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The completion rate of female students in STEM bachelor's programmes, measured three years after the theoretical end, placed Peru among the lowest internationally. (33.3 %, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Male completion rates in STEM bachelor's programmes three years after the theoretical end ranked among the lowest across countries with available data. (31.8 %, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    For all new entrants to STEM bachelor's programmes, completion rates three years beyond the theoretical duration placed Peru among the lowest internationally. (32.2 %, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Completion rates of female students in Engineering, manufacturing and construction bachelor's programmes, measured three years after the theoretical end, were among the lowest internationally. (47.4 %, rank 27/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Male completion rates in Engineering, manufacturing and construction bachelor's programmes three years beyond the theoretical end placed Peru among the lowest values. (36.2 %, rank 28/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The completion rate of all new entrants to Engineering, manufacturing and construction bachelor's programmes, measured three years after the theoretical end, was among the lowest across countries. (39.3 %, rank 27/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, female completion rates in Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary bachelor's programmes three years after the theoretical duration were among the lowest internationally. (39 %, rank 27/27 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Male completion rates in Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary bachelor's programmes, measured three years after the theoretical end, placed Peru among the lowest across countries. (33.4 %, rank 27/27 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Completion rates of all new entrants to Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary bachelor's programmes, measured three years after the theoretical duration, ranked among the lowest internationally. (35.7 %, rank 27/27 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Female completion rates in Health and welfare bachelor's programmes three years after the theoretical end were among the lowest across countries with available data. (36 %, rank 28/28 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Male completion rates in Health and welfare bachelor's programmes, measured three years after the theoretical duration, placed Peru among the lowest internationally. (32.3 %, rank 28/28 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The completion rate of all new entrants to Health and welfare bachelor's programmes three years beyond the theoretical end ranked Peru among the lowest across countries. (35.2 %, rank 28/28 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, female completion rates in Services bachelor's programmes three years after the theoretical duration were among the lowest internationally. (32.3 %, rank 26/26 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Male completion rates in Services bachelor's programmes three years after the theoretical end ranked among the lowest across countries with available data. (23.5 %, rank 26/26 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The completion rate of all new entrants to Services bachelor's programmes, measured three years after the theoretical end, was among the lowest internationally. (28.7 %, rank 26/26 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Dropout rates

    The drop out rate of female new entrants to bachelor's programmes by the end of the theoretical duration was among the highest across countries with available data. (33.7 %, rank 3/30 , 2020) Download Indicator

    The overall drop out rate of new entrants to bachelor's programmes by the end of the theoretical duration ranked Peru among the highest internationally. (34.9 %, rank 4/30 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Female drop out rates by the end of the theoretical duration plus one year were among the highest across participating countries. (40.5 %, rank 2/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Drop out rates of all new entrants to bachelor's programmes one year beyond the theoretical duration ranked Peru among the highest across countries with available data. (41.2 %, rank 2/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Female drop out rates by the end of the theoretical duration plus three years placed Peru among the highest across countries. (45.4 %, rank 1/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Male drop out rates to bachelor's programmes, measured three years beyond the theoretical duration, were among the highest internationally. (47.4 %, rank 3/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The overall drop out rate of new entrants by the end of the theoretical duration plus three years was among the highest across countries with available data. (46.3 %, rank 1/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Fields of education

    In Peru, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of business, administration and law is relatively small. (0.1 %, rank 31/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of information and communication technologies is relatively small. (0.2 %, rank 30/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in field of health and welfare is relatively small. (0 %, rank 30/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of new entrants in arts and humanities bachelor's programmes is especially low, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.9 %, rank 38/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of new entrants in natural sciences, mathematics and statistics bachelor's programmes is relatively low, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.2 %, rank 38/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student

    Annual expenditure per tertiary student is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3641 USD Equivalent, rank 42/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per student from primary to tertiary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2612 USD Equivalent, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per primary student is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1980 USD Equivalent, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per secondary student is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2716 USD Equivalent, rank 39/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per tertiary student is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3615 USD Equivalent, rank 33/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per student on research and development in tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (26 USD Equivalent, rank 35/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student on research and development for primary to tertiary education in Peru is comparatively low. (6 USD Equivalent, rank 35/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the annual expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student in primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education, is relatively low. (2302 USD Equivalent, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per full-time equivalent student in primary to tertiary education is one the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2250 USD Equivalent, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Peru has a total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student (primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education) comparatively low. (1984 USD Equivalent, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the total annual expenditure per full-time equivalent student on tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3136 USD Equivalent, rank 42/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The total annual expenditure per full-time equivalent student on upper secondary general education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2619 USD Equivalent, rank 30/30 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Expenditure in education and national wealth

    In Peru, public expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively low. (0.5 %, rank 40/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, private expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary to tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (1.2 %, rank 5/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Government and private expenditure in education

    The share of private expenditure on tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (61 %, rank 5/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Peru has one of the largest shares of private expenditure on primary through tertiary educational institutions among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (29 %, rank 4/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, total public expenditure on primary through tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively high. (14 %, rank 2/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, total public expenditure on primary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively high. (5.5 %, rank 2/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, total public expenditure on secondary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively high. (5.7 %, rank 2/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of public expenditure on educational institutions, for tertiary education is comparatively small in Peru. (39 %, rank 38/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of public expenditure on educational institutions, for primary to tertiary education is comparatively small. (71 %, rank 37/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Nature of expenditure

    In Peru, the share of current expenditure on primary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (79.7 %, rank 36/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of capital expenditure on all levels below tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (22.1 %, rank 1/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of current expenditure on all levels below tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (77.9 %, rank 35/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of capital expenditure on primary through tertiary is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (21.4 %, rank 1/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of current expenditure on primary through tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (78.6 %, rank 35/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of current expenditure on secondary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (76.3 %, rank 33/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of capital expenditure on tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19.2 %, rank 3/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of current expenditure on tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (80.8 %, rank 34/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Who the teachers are

    The share of women among teaching staff in primary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (68 %, rank 39/43 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries

    The ratio of lower secondary female teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year women workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.74 Ratio, rank 2/26 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The ratio of lower secondary male teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year men workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.33 Ratio, rank 2/26 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The salaries of 25-34 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is high in Peru. (1.56 Ratio, rank 2/27 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The salaries of 55-64 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is high in Peru. (1.28 Ratio, rank 2/27 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries progression

    The salary progression from the start to the top of the salary scale for a lower secondary school teacher is among the most rewarding among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.07 Ratio, rank 3/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In lower secondary education, the salary ratio of teachers with maximum qualifications at the top of the salary scale to those with minimum training and starting salaries is comparatively high. (2.07 Ratio, rank 3/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Organisation of the education system

    The total compulsory instruction time for lower secondary students in Peru is one of the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4856 Hours, rank 2/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Peru, total intended instruction time for lower secondary students is among the longest compared to other countries with available data. (4856 Hours, rank 2/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The total compulsory instruction time for primary and lower secondary student in Peru is among the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9851 Hours, rank 4/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Peru, total intended instruction time for primary and lower secondary students (in hours per year) is among the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9851 Hours, rank 3/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Employment and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with below upper secondary education is compartively high in Peru. (76.6 %, rank 1/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 35-44 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low. (84.1 %, rank 35/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Employment by gender and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds without upper secondary education is comparatively high. (78.7 %, rank 1/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old men without upper secondary education is comparatively high. (90.7 %, rank 1/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old women without upper secondary education is comparatively high. (67.1 %, rank 1/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old women with tertiary education is comparatively low. (73.8 %, rank 36/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with below upper secondary education is compartively high in Peru. (90.9 %, rank 1/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with below upper secondary education is compartively high in Peru. (61.9 %, rank 2/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is compartively low in Peru. (72.5 %, rank 36/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-old women with below upper secondary education is compartively high in Peru. (62.9 %, rank 1/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Employment by field of education

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of educaton is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (83.3 %, rank 24/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of humanities (except languages), social sciences, journalism and information is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (80.9 %, rank 25/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of business, administration and law is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (79.7 %, rank 28/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (80.5 %, rank 24/27 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of information and communication technologies is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (83.5 %, rank 27/27 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of health and welfare is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (76.9 %, rank 27/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Unemployment and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with below upper secondary education is comparatively low. (5.2 %, rank 33/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Among the unemployed population aged between 25 and 64, with below upper secondary education, the share of those who have been unemployed for less than 3 months is one of the largest in Peru, compared to other OECD countries. (99.9 %, rank 1/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Among the unemployed population aged between 25 and 64 with tertiary education, the share of those who have been unemployed for less than 3 months is one of the largest in Peru, compared to other OECD countries. (99.9 %, rank 1/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively high in Peru. (6.3 %, rank 5/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Unemployment by gender and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old men without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (3.2 %, rank 34/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old men with below upper secondary education is compartively low in Peru. (3.6 %, rank 34/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old women with below upper secondary education is compartively low in Peru. (7.5 %, rank 31/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Inactivity and educational attainment

    The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with below upper secondary education is low in Peru. (19.2 %, rank 35/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with below upper secondary education is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (18 %, rank 39/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (4.8 %, rank 34/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is one of the highest among countries with available data. (13.6 %, rank 5/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The inactivity rate of 55-64 years-old adults with below upper secondary education is low in Peru. (22.9 %, rank 39/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Inactivity by gender and educational attainment

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women without an upper secondary education is relatively low. (33 %, rank 33/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the inactivity rate 25-64 year-old women without an upper secondary education is relatively low compared to other countries with available data. (29.3 %, rank 37/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men without an upper secondary education is relatively low compared to other countries with available data. (5.7 %, rank 37/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men without an upper secondary education is relatively low compared to other countries with available data. (6.3 %, rank 39/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively high. (20.5 %, rank 4/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively high. (21 %, rank 5/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Neither in education nor employed

    The share of inactive youth neither in formal education nor training among 18-24 year-olds in Peru is one of the highest among countries with available data. (16.3 %, rank 5/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Peru is relatively high. (38.9 %, rank 4/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women with tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Peru is relatively high. (22 %, rank 4/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-29 year-olds neither in employment nor in education and training with tertiary education in Peru is relatively high. (15.8 %, rank 5/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are inactive NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Peru is relatively high. (11.6 %, rank 3/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are inactive NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Peru is relatively high. (12.8 %, rank 5/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of inactive NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Peru is relatively high. (16.2 %, rank 3/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of men neither employed nor in education among 15-29 year-olds is relatively high. (21.2 %, rank 1/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of women neither employed nor in education among 15-29 year-olds is relatively high. (25.1 %, rank 1/32 , 2024) Download Indicator


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    General findings
    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • Tertiary attainment among young adults has reached 48% on average across the OECD, the highest level ever, but progress has slowed since 2021. Attainment remains unequal, with women generally outpacing men, and older generations showing lower rates.
    • Employment outcomes for tertiary-educated adults remain strong overall: 87% of them are employed compared to 60% of those without upper seconday. Tertiary education offers good protection against unemployment, but women and disadvantaged groups still face labour market gaps, and inactivity persists among some adults. Moreover, adults with tertiary education earn on average 54% more than those with only upper secondary education.
    • Gender pay gaps remain significant. Despite higher attainment, women with tertiary education consistently earn less than men, even when working full-time, and this gap persists across age groups (73% on average for women aged 25 to 64).
    • Fields of study strongly influence labour market outcomes. Graduates in engineering and in health and welfare fare particularly well, while women’s participation in STEM remains below parity (14% of graduates at tertiary level) despite being 58% of all tertiary graduates.
    • Internationalisation continues to expand in tertiary education. The share of international students has grown steadily, and OECD countries host a large proportion of the world’s mobile students, reinforcing their global role in higher education.
    • Sustaining tertiary education requires adequate investment. Spending per student is already at 21 021 USD and rising, and tertiary expenditure represents a notable share of GDP (1.4% on average in OECD), making efficiency and equity crucial for long-term sustainability.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Attainment | Education policies: Access and Participation  | Education policies: Finance and Funding | Education policies: Labour market outcomes | 
    
                            
    
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    • Although many countries have near universal upper secondary attainment among 25–34 year-olds, on average across the OECD 13% of younger adults still lack an upper secondary qualification.
    • NEET shares are now below pre-pandemic levels in about half of OECD and partner countries with trend data; in 8 of these 16 countries the decline exceeds 1 percentage point, while 17 countries exceed pre-pandemic benchmarks and 6 saw increases of more than 2 percentage points.
    • Employment rates rise steadily with higher tertiary attainment: short-cycle 83%, bachelor’s 86%, master’s 90%, and doctoral or equivalent 93% among 25–64 year-olds.
    • Earnings premiums also increase with qualification level: on average across the OECD, short-cycle graduates earn 17% more than those with upper secondary; the advantage is 39% for bachelor’s and 83% for master’s/doctoral graduates.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Attainment | Education policies: Labour market outcomes | 
    
                            
    
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    • Most children aged 3 to 5 are enrolled in early childhood education, with an average participation rate of 85% across the OECD. By contrast, only 29% of children under the age of 3 are enrolled.
    • Participation in early childhood education has grown over the past decade, with enrolment for children under age 3 increasing by 9 percentage points to 29%, and enrolment for ages 3 and above rising by 5 points to 85%.
    • The majority of students in vocational upper secondary education follow programmes that grant full access to tertiary education, with 76% of students enrolled in such programmes on average across the OECD.
    • Completion rates for bachelor’s programmes increase after the theoretical duration of programmes: on average, 44% of students graduate on time, compared to 69% three years after.
    • Students from Asia form the largest regional group of internationally mobile students in tertiary education, representing 58% of all foreign or international students across the OECD in 2023.
    • Only 43% of students complete a bachelor’s degree within the expected duration, though this rises to 59% with one additional year and 70% with three additional years on average across the OECD.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Access and Participation  | 
    
                            
    
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    • Governments spend on average USD 12 438 per student in primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education, and USD 15 102 per student in tertiary education including R&D.
    • Expenditure per student has risen in absolute terms since 2015, but its share in public budgets has declined, with government spending on education at almost 15% of total government expenditure on average in 2022.
    • Annual spending per student at primary and secondary levels varies widely across OECD countries, from under USD 3 000 in some systems to over USD 25 000 in the most highly funded ones.
    • Tertiary education continues to expand, placing pressure on public budgets. Private sources represent a larger share of total funding at the tertiary level than at any other level of education.
    • Spending per student differs markedly between public and private institutions, with expenditure in public tertiary institutions exceeding USD 33 000 in some countries, compared to less than USD 10 000 in others.
    
                            
    
                            
    
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    • Students in OECD countries receive an average of 7 604 hours of compulsory instruction during primary and lower secondary education, with total hours ranging widely across education systems.
    • Compulsory instruction time averages 804 hours per year for primary students and 909 hours for lower secondary students, a difference of about 105 hours annually.
    • The ratio of children to teachers in pre-primary education has fallen across most OECD countries, decreasing from an average of 15 children per teacher in 2013 to 13 in 2023.
    • Teachers’ statutory salaries increase with the level of education taught. On average, teachers with 15 years of experience earn USD 55 725 at pre-primary level and USD 63 925 at upper secondary level.
    • Teachers’ actual salaries are 83–91% of the earnings of similarly educated tertiary-educated workers, while school heads usually earn more than tertiary-educated workers on average across OECD countries.
    • The ratio of students to academic staff is lower in public than in private institutions, averaging about 14 students per staff member in public tertiary institutions compared to 18 in private ones.
    • Nearly half of OECD and partner countries operate non-selective admission systems for first degrees, providing broad access to tertiary education, while entrance exams and centralised systems are also common.
    • The salaries of academic staff in tertiary education vary by seniority. On average, junior staff earn about 62 000 USD, while senior staff earn about 108 000 USD.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Teachers | Education policies: Teachers | OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS)  | 
    
                            
    
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            Diagram of funding flows - Peru
            
    
            
    
        
    


        
		
    
            
    
			Click on the coverpage to see the full OECD iLibrary version
			
    
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            Country Reviews for Peru
            
    
            
    
			
    
        
    
		
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
        
    
            Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced by countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple
            most- or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in education must be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities, 
			such as loans and grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey more and better content to students, but may hinder investments in other important
            areas. If you want further information on the nature of different variables, please take the time to read the analysis and contextual information, available at the website
            for each publication.
    
            All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: https://www.oecd.org/en/about/members-partners.html
            

    
			Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some 
			countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2026 for school year 2025/2026.
			

    
	    *TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. 
		This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages.
		Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and 
		Annex 3 
		of EAG 2024 for more details about the data collections.
            

    
            For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.