Israel

Country overview

Select a country to explore its education data and publications.

Israel
Overview of the education system (EAG 2026)
  • In Israel, the share of adults with tertiary attainment reaches 51.2% (OECD average : 42.7%), while the share of adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment stands at 35.7% (OECD average : 39.9%) and 13.1% of 25-64 year-olds reached below upper secondary education (OECD average : 17.9%).
  • Some 100% of children aged 3 are enrolled in early childhood education (OECD average : 81.5%), while 97.8% of children aged 3 to 5 are enrolled in early childhood education (OECD average : 86%).
  • In upper secondary education, 94.2% complete their education within the theoretical programme duration (OECD average : 76.2%).
  • Government expenditure on educational institutions, before transfers, on primary to tertiary education equalled 5.1% of GDP in 2023 (OECD average : 4%), while private expenditure equalled 1.1% (OECD average : 0.6%).
  • In 2023, Israel allocated an average of 12.7% of total government expenditure to education from primary to tertiary levels (OECD average : 9.8%), equivalent to 5.1% of GDP (OECD average : 4.2%).
  • Total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student equalled 14966 equivalent USD for tertiary education in Israel (OECD average : 22402 equivalent USD), while it added up to 13945 equivalent USD for primary education (OECD average : 13552 equivalent USD).
  • The unemployment rate among tertiary-educated young adults stands at 3.5% in 2025 (OECD average : 5%), while it is equal to 4% for 25-34 year-olds without an upper secondary education (OECD average : 13.9%).
  • Some 19.5% of all 18-24 year-olds were not in employment, education or training (NEET) in 2025 (OECD average : 14.1%), while 16.4% of 25-29 year-olds were NEET (OECD average : 16.3%).
  • On-site work varies with the level of education, while 38.1% of tertiary-educated workers sometimes or usually work from home in Israel (OECD average : 42.5%), 19.3% of workers with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment did so (OECD average : 17.7%).
  • In Israel, annual typical teaching hours were 844 hours in primary education (OECD average : 770 hours) and 707 hours in lower secondary education (OECD average : 710 hours).
  • Women represent 99.3% of pre-primary teaching staff in Israel (OECD average : 95.9%) and 78.5% in lower secondary education (OECD average : 68.2%).
  • In Israel, there are 92.8% of fully qualified teachers in primary and secondary schools (OECD average : 90.9%). However, 2.5% of fully qualified teachers in primary and secondary education left the profession through retirement or resignation in 2025 (OECD average : 6.4%).
    • | Education at a Glance 2026 (EAG 2026): OECD Indicators | Country note | Annexes from Education at a Glance 2026 | OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics 2018 | OECD Education Policy Outlook: Israel | Misrad Hachinuch (Ministry of Education, in Hebrew) | HaLishka HaMerkazit LiStatistika (Central Bureau of Statistics) |

    Select first some countries to compare, choose the charts you wish to display and customise them.

    The following list displays indicators for which your selected country shows the highest and lowest values among countries. The list can be sorted by level of education or by age group. All rankings are calculated including available data from OECD and partner countries. Find out more about the methodology here.

    Show indicators for which your country ranks among the top or bottom: Sort by:

    Attainment

    The level of tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (51.2 %, rank 9/41 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The level of tertiary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (47 %, rank 4/41 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary qualification is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.3 %, rank 31/33 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Israel has one of the highest percentages of 25-64 year-old adults with less than primary education. (3.3 %, rank 4/30 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-olds who have attained a vocational degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.6 %, rank 31/33 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-olds who have attained a general degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (40.8 %, rank 2/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (8.5 %, rank 31/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Attainment by gender

    The proportion of 25-64 year-old women who have attained a vocational degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.3 %, rank 32/33 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Israel has one of the smallest shares of women among 25-34 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education. (33.1 %, rank 30/33 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Israel has one of the smallest share of women among 55-64 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education. (39.6 %, rank 29/33 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Israel is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (39.9 %, rank 32/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Entrance

    The share of new entrants younger than 25 in bachelor's or equivalent programmes is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (76.1 %, rank 33/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of first-time entrants into master's or equivalent programmes before the age of 30 is relatively low. (50.7 %, rank 33/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Entrance by field of education and gender

    The share of female new entrants in doctoral programmes in agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary was one of the smallest across countries. (35 %, rank 25/26 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of female new entrants in arts and humanities doctoral programmes was one of the lowest across countries. (50.4 %, rank 24/27 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel,the share of male among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in the field of education is relatively small. (19.6 %, rank 22/25 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (49.4 %, rank 25/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of male students entering short cycle tertiary programmes in natural sciences, mathematics and statistics in Israel is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (12.3 %, rank 20/20 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (59.2 %, rank 29/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of information and communication technologies is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (65 %, rank 29/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (59 %, rank 27/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of male students entering short-cycle tertiary programmes in engineering, manufacturing and construction in Israel is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (73.2 %, rank 22/25 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of male students entering short-cycle tertiary programmes in information and communication technologies in Israel is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (46.6 %, rank 24/24 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of male students entering short-cycle tertiary programmes in Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in Israel is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (65.6 %, rank 24/25 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Participation in education

    Enrolment in early childhood education (ISCED 0) among 3- to 5-year-olds placed Israel among the highest across countries. (97.8 %, rank 3/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of children under age 3 in ECEC (ISCED 01) was one of the highest across participating countries. (59.2 %, rank 4/30 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among 15-19 year-olds in Israel is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (66.2 %, rank 38/43 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of three-year-olds in early childhood education in Israel is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/44 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of four-year-olds in early childhood and primary education in Israel is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (97.3 %, rank 9/43 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students in public tertiary educational institutions is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (16.4 %, rank 39/41 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Among participating countries, Israel reported one of the smallest shares of female students in upper secondary general programmes. (47.2 %, rank 43/43 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of female students in post-secondary non-tertiary general programmes was one of the largest across participating countries. (40.9 %, rank 10/10 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of students enrolled in private institutions at all early childhood education level is comparatively high. (59.3 %, rank 8/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The average age of upper secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes in Israel is relatively low compared to the other countries. (16.1 %, rank 38/41 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of below-two year-olds in early childhood education in Israel is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (50.8 %, rank 3/43 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Graduation

    The average age of graduates from vocational programmes at the upper secondary level in Israel is relatively low compared to other participating countries. (17.2 Years, rank 37/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of tertiary graduates younger than 30-years-old is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (74.7 %, rank 26/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of first-time bachelor's graduates younger than 30 is relatively low. (73 %, rank 30/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of first-time master's graduates younger than 35 is relatively low. (55.9 %, rank 31/31 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of first-time doctorate graduates younger than 35 is relatively low. (30.1 %, rank 31/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Graduation by gender

    The share of female graduates from upper secondary general programmes is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (50.1 %, rank 36/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of female graduates from upper secondary vocational programmes is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (50.8 %, rank 9/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Among OECD and partner countries with available data, Israel has one of the largest shares of women graduates from tertiary programmes. (60 %, rank 10/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of arts and humanities is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.2 %, rank 33/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.4 %, rank 34/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of health and welfare is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11 %, rank 33/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of services is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 38/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of doctoral graduates in the field of business, administration and law in Israel is relatively small. (3.9 %, rank 33/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of upper secondary vocational graduates in the field of services is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.1 %, rank 31/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of tertiary graduates in STEM fields in Israel was one of the highest compared to other participating countries. (28.7 %, rank 6/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary is relatively low. (0.4 %, rank 38/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education and gender

    The proportion of female tertiary graduates in the humanities and arts is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (6.4 %, rank 33/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of male tertiary graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.3 %, rank 34/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of health and welfare is relatively low in Israel. (5.6 %, rank 33/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of female graduates from upper secondary vocational programmes in the field health and welfare is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries. (74.4 %, rank 26/27 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Completion rates

    A relatively high share of upper secondary students complete their studies within the theoretical programme duration. (94.2 %, rank 1/26 , 2022) Download Indicator

    A relatively high share of students in upper secondary vocational programmes complete their studies within the theoretical programme duration. (38.3 %, rank 5/26 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Student mobility

    Israel has a small share of international students graduate from tertiary programmes compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (1.1 %, rank 30/30 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Israel has one of the smallest proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in tertiary education among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.1 %, rank 36/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of worldwide foreign and international students is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 38/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of international graduates among bachelor's first-time graduates is relatively low. (1 %, rank 29/30 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of international graduates among first-time master's graduates is relatively low. (5.2 %, rank 29/30 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of international graduates among first-time doctorate graduates is relatively low. (12.1 %, rank 22/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in bachelor's programmes is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.3 %, rank 37/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in master's programmes is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.3 %, rank 36/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in bachelor's programmes among men is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (2.4 %, rank 36/41 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in bachelor's programmes among women is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (2.2 %, rank 37/41 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in tertiary education among men is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (3.3 %, rank 36/41 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in tertiary education among women is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (2.9 %, rank 36/41 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Student mobility by field of education

    In Israel, the share of international and foreign students among all students in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.6 %, rank 34/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of international and foreign students among all students in the field of information and communication technologies is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.6 %, rank 35/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of international and foreign students among all students in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.1 %, rank 34/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Adult participation in non-formal education

    In Israel, the share of employed adults aged 25-44 participating in non-formal education or training was among the lowest across countries with available data. (41.7 %, rank 23/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of employed adults aged 45-64 participating in non-formal education or training was among the smallest in Israel compared with other countries with available data. (36.3 %, rank 21/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Among employed adults aged 25-64, participation in non-formal education or training in Israel was among the lowest across countries with available data. (39.4 %, rank 22/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of adults aged 25-64 with below upper secondary attainment who reported never having participated in non-formal education or training was among the largest across countries with available data. (75.2 %, rank 2/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of adults aged 25-64 with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment who reported never having participated in non-formal education or training was among the highest in Israel compared with other countries with available data. (46.8 %, rank 3/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Among adults aged 25-64 with tertiary attainment, the share reporting never having participated in non-formal education or training in Israel was among the largest across countries with available data. (24.8 %, rank 2/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student

    Annual expenditure per tertiary student is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (14966 USD Equivalent, rank 31/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per student in post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2912 USD Equivalent, rank 21/23 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per tertiary student is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (10990 USD Equivalent, rank 27/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per student on research and development in tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3976 USD Equivalent, rank 26/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student for ancillary services on tertiary education in Israel is comparatively low. (37 USD Equivalent, rank 27/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure on primary to tertiary education in Israel is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2831 USD Equivalent, rank 41/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the total annual expenditure per full-time equivalent student on tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (12313 USD Equivalent, rank 31/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Expenditure in education and national wealth

    In Israel, government expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP at primary to tertiary levels of education is comparatively high. (5.1 %, rank 7/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, expenditure on primary through tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is one of the highest among OECD countries and partner economies. (6.2 %, rank 1/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, expenditure on primary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively high. (2.7 %, rank 1/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, expenditure on secondary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively high. (2.2 %, rank 6/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, public expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary to tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (5 %, rank 5/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, private expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary to tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (1.3 %, rank 5/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The public expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds at primary to tertiary education is relatively high in Israel. (5.1 %, rank 4/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of private expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds for primary to tertiary education is comparatively high in Israel. (1.1 %, rank 5/35 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Government and private expenditure in education

    The share of private expenditure on tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (58.6 %, rank 4/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of public expenditure on tertiary educational institutions is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.6 %, rank 38/43 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, total public expenditure on primary through tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively high. (12.7 %, rank 4/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of public expenditure on educational institutions, for tertiary education is comparatively small in Israel. (41.4 %, rank 32/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Teachers

    The number of hours per year primary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively high in Israel. (844 Hours, rank 10/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Who the teachers are

    The share of women among teaching staff in pre-primary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (99.3 %, rank 6/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in lower secondary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (78.5 %, rank 7/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in upper secondary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (71.1 %, rank 7/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of bachelor's, master's and doctoral level teachers aged between 30 and 49 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (43.4 %, rank 34/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of tertiary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (44.3 %, rank 33/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of male teachers in pre-primary education is especially low in Israel. (0.7 %, rank 35/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries

    The ratio of pre-primary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.68 Ratio, rank 15/17 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The ratio of primary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.65 Ratio, rank 17/18 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The ratio of lower secondary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.65 Ratio, rank 17/18 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The ratio of upper secondary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.72 Ratio, rank 14/19 , 2025) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a lower secondary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (48271 USD Equivalent, rank 33/42 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The ratio of lower secondary male teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year men workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.61 Ratio, rank 23/26 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The salaries of 25-34 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education are low in Israel. (0.8 Ratio, rank 19/26 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The salaries of 35-44 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education are low in Israel. (0.66 Ratio, rank 22/26 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries progression

    It takes lower secondary teachers longer to progress through the salary scale in Israel compared to other OECD and partner countries. (36 Years, rank 5/42 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Principals' salaries

    In Israel, actual salaries of primary school heads aged 25-64 relative to earnings of full-time, full-year tertiary-educated workers are low. (0.99 Ratio, rank 12/16 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Israel, actual salaries of lower secondary school heads aged 25-64 relative to earnings of full-time, full-year tertiary-educated workers are low. (0.96 Ratio, rank 13/16 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Teacher shortages

    In Israel, the share of fully qualified primary and secondary teachers who left the profession is relatively low compared to other participating countries. (2.5 %, rank 20/24 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The gap in job satisfaction between teachers and other similarly educated employed adults aged 16-65 is especially wide in favor of other employed adults in Israel. (-7.4 % points, rank 22/27 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Between 2015 and 2024, Israel reported an increase in the number of students enrolled in education. (118 Index, rank 2/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Between 2015 and 2024, Israel reported an increase in the number of full-time equivalent classroom teachers. (197 Index, rank 1/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Ratio of student to teaching staff

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the upper secondary level is especially low. (10.5 Ratio, rank 33/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the lower secondary level in private institutions is especially low in Israel. (2 Ratio, rank 39/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the lower secondary level in government-dependent private institutions is especially low in Israel. (2 Ratio, rank 23/23 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the number of students per teacher in government-dependent private bachelor's, master's, doctoral or equivalent programmes is one of the highest among countries with available data. (14 Ratio, rank 10/13 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Organisation of the education system

    Classes are particularly large in lower secondary schools. (30 Students, rank 4/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Classes are particularly large in primary schools. (27 Students, rank 2/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Classes in public primary institutions are comparatively large in Israel. (28 Students, rank 1/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Classes in private primary institutions are comparatively large in Israel. (26 Students, rank 4/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Classes in lower secondary public institutions are comparatively large in Israel. (31 Students, rank 3/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Classes in lower secondary private institutions are comparatively large in Israel. (26 Students, rank 5/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Employment and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (89.2 %, rank 29/30 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low in Israel. (69.5 %, rank 37/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (68.7 %, rank 28/36 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Israel. (73.9 %, rank 17/18 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Employment by gender and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old men with upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (75.7 %, rank 39/41 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low in Israel. (70.5 %, rank 39/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of employed 25-64 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (74.4 %, rank 35/36 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Israel. (69.4 %, rank 33/36 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Unemployment and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with below upper secondary education is comparatively low. (4 %, rank 37/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (4.4 %, rank 32/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-olds with below upper secondary education is comparatively low. (2.4 %, rank 35/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (1.9 %, rank 37/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (2.9 %, rank 37/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (2.7 %, rank 27/33 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (3.1 %, rank 32/35 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (4.5 %, rank 30/35 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Unemployment by gender and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old men without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (3.5 %, rank 35/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old women without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (2.1 %, rank 37/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old men with below upper secondary education is comparatively low in Israel. (4.7 %, rank 35/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old women with below upper secondary education is comparatively low in Israel. (2.7 %, rank 34/35 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old men with below upper secondary education is comparatively low in Israel. (2.6 %, rank 32/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low in Israel. (2 %, rank 35/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old women with below upper secondary education is comparatively low in Israel. (2 %, rank 33/35 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low in Israel. (1.7 %, rank 34/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (3.8 %, rank 27/31 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of unemployed 25-64 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.8 %, rank 32/35 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of unemployed 25-64 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.4 %, rank 28/31 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Israel. (4.2 %, rank 29/34 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Inactivity and educational attainment

    The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is high in Israel. (27.3 %, rank 3/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with tertiary education is high in Israel. (11 %, rank 8/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Earnings and skill level

    In Israel, the share of high earners aged 25-64 with low numeracy, literacy and adaptive problem-solving skills in the Adult Skills Survey was among the greatest across countries with available data. (20.9 %, rank 9/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of high earners aged 25-64 with high numeracy, literacy and adaptive problem-solving skills in the Adult Skills Survey was among the greatest in Israel compared with other countries with available data. (71.3 %, rank 4/21 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Neither in education nor employed

    The share of inactive youth neither in formal education nor training among 18-24 year-olds in Israel is one of the largest among countries with available data. (17.4 %, rank 3/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of unemployed youth neither in formal education nor training among 18-24 year-olds in Israel is one of the largest among countries with available data. (19.5 %, rank 7/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of youth who have been unemployed for at least 3 months but less than a year and not in formal education or training among 18-24 year-olds in Israel is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (0.8 %, rank 26/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of youth who have been unemployed for less than 3 months and not in formal education or training among 18-24 year-olds in Israel is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (0.3 %, rank 29/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men without an upper secondary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Israel is relatively low (19.3 %, rank 29/33 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-29 year-olds neither in employment nor in education and training with tertiary education in Israel is relatively high. (13.2 %, rank 8/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are unemployed NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Israel is relatively low. (1.8 %, rank 36/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are unemployed NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Israel is relatively low. (2.3 %, rank 35/36 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are unemployed NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Israel is relatively low. (1.9 %, rank 37/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are unemployed NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Israel is relatively low. (2 %, rank 38/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of unemployed NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Israel is relatively low. (1.8 %, rank 37/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 18-24 year-olds who are neither employed nor in education or training is comparatively large in Israel. (19.5 %, rank 7/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 18-24 year-old men neither employed nor in education or training is one of the highest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (17.8 %, rank 7/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 18-24 year-old women neither employed nor in education or training is one of the highest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (21.2 %, rank 7/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Social outcomes

    The share of employed adults aged 25-64 with below upper secondary attainment who reported working overtime in their main job was among the lowest in Israel compared with other countries with available data. (0.3 %, rank 30/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of employed adults aged 25-64 with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment reporting overtime work in their main job was among the smallest across countries with available data. (0.9 %, rank 32/32 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Among employed adults aged 25-64 with tertiary attainment, the share reporting overtime work in their main job in Israel was among the lowest across countries with available data. (1.5 %, rank 30/32 , 2023) Download Indicator


    The data table will display up to six selected countries.
    General findings
    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • Educational attainment remains at an all-time high in 2025 as more people obtain advanced qualifications. Across the OECD, 43% of working-age adults have a tertiary qualification, while the share of adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment is slightly lower at 39%.
    • On a similar note, the share of young adults without upper secondary attainment continues to decline across the OECD, standing at 12% in 2025. Therefore, while more young adults obtain a tertiary qualification, the share of individuals whose highest qualification is upper secondary with a vocational orientation is decreasing in almost all OECD countries. 
    • Regarding the share of young people being neither in employment nor in education or training, it stood at 14% as of 2025 across OECD countries. However, cross-country comparisons reveal a wide variety of trends, ranging from large falls in Croatia or Ireland to increases in Germany or Latvia.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Attainment | Education policies: Labour market outcomes | 
    
                            
    
                                Visualisations
    
                            

                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                    
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                    
            

    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • Most children aged 3 to 5 are enrolled in early childhood education, with an average participation rate of 86% across the OECD in 2024. Participation in early childhood education increases with age and tends to be higher in countries with stronger institutional support for participation.
    • 76.2% of students complete upper secondary programmes within the theoretical programme duration. This rises to 84.9% with two additional years on average across the OECD.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Access and Participation  | 
    
                            
    
                                Visualisations
    
                            

                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                    
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                    
            

    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • In 2023, OECD countries allocated an average of 9.8% of total government expenditure to education, equivalent to 4.2% of GDP.
    • Total expenditure on education tends to rise with the level of education. In primary education, expenditure per student was USD 13 552 in 2023 on average across the OECD. This amount rises to USD 14 923 in secondary education and to USD 22 402 in tertiary education.
    • Tertiary education continues to expand, placing pressure on public budgets. Private sources represent a larger share of total funding at the tertiary level than at any other level of education. However, as a whole most investment in education comes from public sources. On average, across the OECD, government expenditure on primary to tertiary education corresponded to 4% of GDP in 2023, while private expenditure corresponded to 0.6%. Both of these figures are measured as initial source of funds, which implies that we are tracking the original provider.
    • Research and development represents around one-third of total expenditure across the OECD on tertiary educational institutions, underlining their dual role in both teaching and research. On average across the OECD, in 2023, USD 8 060 were invested annually into research and development for every student enrolled in tertiary education.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Finance and Funding | 
    
                            
    
                                Visualisations
    
                            

                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                    
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                    
            

    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • Compulsory teaching time averages 770 hours per year for primary students and 710 hours for lower secondary students (general programmes), a difference of about 60 hours annually.
    • The ratio of children to teachers in primary education has slightly fallen across most OECD countries, decreasing from an average of 15 children per teacher in 2015 to 14 in 2024.
    • Teachers’ statutory salaries increase with the level of education taught. On average, across OECD countries and economies, the salaries of teachers with the most prevalent qualifications with 15 years of experience range from USD 60 437 at pre-primary level to USD 68 928 at upper secondary level.
    • Teachers’ actual salaries at primary and general secondary levels of education are 87-95% of the average earnings of tertiary-educated workers across OECD countries. School heads' actual salaries are usually higher than those of tertiary-educated workers.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Teachers | Education policies: Learning environment | OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS)  | 
    
                            
    
                                Visualisations
    
                            

                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                    
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                    
            

    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • On average across OECD countries, 9.1% of teachers in primary and secondary education are non-fully qualified, with shares exceeding 18% in Chile, Denmark, Estonia and Germany.
    • Furthermore, the share of fully qualified teachers leaving the profession in primary and secondary schools stands at 6.4% of the total teaching workforce.
    • The ratio of children to teachers in primary education has slightly fallen across most OECD countries, decreasing from an average of 15 children per teacher in 2015 to 14 in 2024.
    • Regarding job satisfaction among teachers, participating countries show wide differences. Japan, Spain and Czechia reported that teachers tend to be much more satisfied with their jobs than other employed adults. On the other hand, teachers in Hungary, Chile or Latvia tend to be less satisfied with their jobs than other employed adults.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Teachers | Education policies: Teacher working conditions | Education policies: Teacher employment | 
    
                            
    
                                Visualisations
    
                            

                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                    
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                    
            
                
    
            
    
        
    
        
    
            
        
    
        
    
            
        
    

        
        
		
        
		
    
			
    
				Key
            
    
            Diagram of funding flows - Israel
            
    
            
    
        
    


        
		
    
            
    
			Click on the coverpage to see the full OECD iLibrary version
			
    
				Key
            
    
            Country Reviews for Israel
            
    
            
    
			
    
        
    
		
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
        
    
            Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced by countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple
            most- or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in education must be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities, 
			such as loans and grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey more and better content to students, but may hinder investments in other important
            areas. If you want further information on the nature of different variables, please take the time to read the analysis and contextual information, available at the website
            for each publication.
    
            All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: https://www.oecd.org/en/about/members-partners.html
            

    
			
            Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some 
			countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. 
			However, OECD averages from Education at a Glance coming from the OECD database are the averages for the indicator reference year appearing in the Education GPS and may differ from averages in the book where averages can include data from multiple reference years, based on countries' data availability.
			

    
			To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2026 for school year 2025/2026 in the Northern Hemisphere.
			

    
	    *TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. 
		This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages.
		Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and 
		Sources Methodologies and Technical Notes 
		of EAG 2025 for more details about the data collections.
		

    
        For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.