Israel
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Israel
Overview of the education system (EAG 2025)
  • Workers without upper secondary education earn 22% less than those who completed it, a gap larger than the OECD average of 17%. Tertiary-educated workers earn 53% more than those with upper secondary, similar to the OECD average of 54%.
  • Taking a gap year before bachelor’s studies is very common, with 74% of new entrants doing so, well above the OECD average of 44%.
  • Public sources fund 91.2% of primary to non-tertiary education, slightly above the OECD average of 90.1%, while private contributions are more significant at the tertiary level.
  • Academic pay varies sharply by rank, with junior staff earning 11% more than other tertiary-educated workers, while senior staff, such as full professors, earn 126% more.
  • Government spending per tertiary student is USD 7,311, compared to the OECD average of USD 15,102, in contrast with higher spending at non-tertiary levels in Israel.
  • Only 8% of bachelor’s entrants dropped out after the first year, compared to the OECD average of 13%, suggesting better retention and student support.
    • | Education at a Glance 2025 | Country note | Annexes from Education at a Glance 2025 | OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics 2018 | OECD Education Policy Outlook: Israel | Misrad Hachinuch (Ministry of Education, in Hebrew) | HaLishka HaMerkazit LiStatistika (Central Bureau of Statistics) |

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    The following list displays indicators for which your selected country shows the highest and lowest values among countries. The list can be sorted by level of education or by age group. All rankings are calculated including available data from OECD and partner countries. Find out more about the methodology here.

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    Attainment

    The level of tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (50.5 %, rank 8/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The level of tertiary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (45.6 %, rank 2/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary qualification is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.8 %, rank 33/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained a general upper secondary or post-secondary qualification is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (32.4 %, rank 3/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of 25-64 year-olds who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (25 %, rank 10/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who attained a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (1.3 %, rank 10/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-olds who have attained a vocational degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.8 %, rank 34/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-olds who have attained a general degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (41.7 %, rank 2/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (8 %, rank 29/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Attainment by gender

    The proportion of 25-64 year-old men who have attained a general degree at the tertiary level is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (45 %, rank 8/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-old women who have attained a general degree at the tertiary level is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (56 %, rank 9/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-old women who have attained a vocational degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.9 %, rank 34/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Israel has one of the smallest share of women among 25-34 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education. (37.6 %, rank 27/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Israel has one of the smallest share of women among 55-64 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education. (42 %, rank 25/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Israel is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (39.7 %, rank 31/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Israel is one of the highest among countries with available data. (60.3 %, rank 7/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Israel is one of the highest among countries with available data. (62.4 %, rank 9/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Entrance

    The share of new entrants younger than 25 in bachelor's or equivalent programmes is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (65.6 %, rank 40/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of women among tertiary education new entrants is one of the largest compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (55.5 %, rank 8/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of female students entering bachelor's programmes in Israel is relatively large. (57.9 %, rank 4/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of first-time entrants into tertiary education younger than 25 is relatively low. (67.9 %, rank 33/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The average age of new entrants in tertiary education in Israel is comparatively old. (24.7 Years, rank 2/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of first-time entrants into master's or equivalent programmes before the age of 30 is relatively low. (42.9 %, rank 39/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the average age of new entrants in master's programmes is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (33.9 Years, rank 1/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of women among the new entrants in master's programmes in Israel is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (64.1 %, rank 4/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Entrance by field of education and gender

    Female new entrants in arts and humanities doctoral programmes placed Israel among the smallest across participating countries. (50.5 %, rank 31/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Female new entrants to master’s programmes in arts and humanities ranked among the smallest internationally. (57.2 %, rank 34/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of female who enter tertiary education in the field of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (35.8 %, rank 1/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of female who enter tertiary education in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (31.1 %, rank 8/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of female who enter tertiary education in the field of health and welfare is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (79.7 %, rank 9/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel,the share of male among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in the field of education is relatively small. (18 %, rank 35/35 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of male students entering short cycle tertiary programmes in natural sciences, mathematics and statistics in Israel is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (16.2 %, rank 24/24 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (61.3 %, rank 39/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of information and communication technologies is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (68 %, rank 37/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (61.4 %, rank 36/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of male students entering short-cycle tertiary programmes in information and communication technologies in Israel is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (52.9 %, rank 30/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of male students entering short-cycle tertiary programmes in Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in Israel is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (67.8 %, rank 29/32 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Participation in education

    Enrolment in early childhood education (ISCED 0) among 3- to 5-year-olds placed Israel among the highest across countries. (98.5 %, rank 2/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of children under age 3 in ECEC (ISCED 01) was one of the highest across participating countries. (58.2 %, rank 4/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among 15-19 year-olds in Israel is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (66.6 %, rank 39/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of three-year-olds in early childhood education in Israel is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of four-year-olds in early childhood and primary education in Israel is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (99.1 %, rank 4/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students in public tertiary educational institutions is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (16.3 %, rank 43/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students in government-dependent private tertiary educational institutions is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (69.9 %, rank 3/24 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Enrolment in pre-primary education (ISCED 02) among 3- to 5-year-olds in Israel was among the highest internationally. (98.5 %, rank 2/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of 15–19-year-olds in post-secondary non-tertiary general programmes was among the highest across participating countries. (0.4 %, rank 2/10 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of female students in upper secondary general programmes placed Israel among the smallest across countries. (47.5 %, rank 46/47 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the enrolment rate of children under 3 is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (58.2 %, rank 4/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of female students in post-secondary non-tertiary general programmes ranked among the largest across participating countries. (39.3 %, rank 10/10 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of students enrolled in private institutions at all early childhood education level is comparatively high. (58.3 %, rank 8/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of students enrolled in private institutions at early childhood educational and development level is comparatively high. (100 %, rank 1/28 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The average age of upper secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes in Israel is relatively low compared to the other countries. (16.1 %, rank 41/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of upper secondary students enrolled in programmes giving full level completion without access to tertiary education in Israel is relatively low compared to the other countries. (5 %, rank 20/28 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of below-two year-olds in early childhood education in Israel is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (49.8 %, rank 3/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in short-cycle tertiary programmes in Israel is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.8 %, rank 10/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of four-year-olds in primary education in Israel is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 7/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Graduation

    The average age of graduates from general programmes at the upper secondary level in Israel is comparatively low. (17.2 Years, rank 35/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The average age of graduates from vocational programmes at the upper secondary level in Israel is comparatively low. (17.2 Years, rank 37/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of first-time master's graduates younger than 35 is relatively low. (59.1 %, rank 32/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of first-time doctorate graduates younger than 35 is relatively low. (37.3 %, rank 32/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The average age of short-cycle tertiary graduates in Israel is among the youngest. (25.8 Years, rank 17/25 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The average age of bachelor's or equivalent graduates in Israel is among the oldest. (28 Years, rank 1/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Graduation by gender

    The share of female graduates from upper secondary vocational programmes is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (51.1 %, rank 9/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of female first-time bachelor's graduates is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (62.4 %, rank 4/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of arts and humanities is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.5 %, rank 38/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19 %, rank 37/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of information and communication technologies is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.9 %, rank 7/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of health and welfare is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (10.2 %, rank 39/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of services is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 43/43 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of doctoral graduates in the field of business, administration and law in Israel is relatively small. (3.9 %, rank 39/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of doctoral graduates in the field of Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics in Israel is relatively large. (33.3 %, rank 2/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of upper secondary vocational graduates in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (23.2 %, rank 27/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of upper secondary vocational graduates in the field of health and welfare is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.9 %, rank 28/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of upper secondary vocational graduates in the field of services is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.1 %, rank 33/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary is relatively low. (0.4 %, rank 44/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of arts and humanities is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2 %, rank 3/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2 %, rank 7/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of STEM is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5 %, rank 2/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of health and welfare is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 32/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of services is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 35/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of short-cycle tertiary vocational graduates in the field of STEM is relatively high compared to other OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (6 %, rank 2/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of short-cycle tertiary vocational graduates in the field of services is relatively low compared to other OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (0 %, rank 28/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent graduates in the field of arts and humanities is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1 %, rank 6/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education and gender

    The proportion of female tertiary graduates in education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries. (30.7 %, rank 1/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of female tertiary graduates in the humanities and arts is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (6.7 %, rank 37/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of female tertiary graduates in health and welfare is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (13 %, rank 39/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of female tertiary graduates in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (15.2 %, rank 7/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of education is relatively high in Israel. (10.6 %, rank 4/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of male tertiary graduates in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is relatively large. (11.9 %, rank 4/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of male tertiary graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19.3 %, rank 35/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics is relatively high in Israel. (46.1 %, rank 7/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of health and welfare is relatively low in Israel. (5.6 %, rank 37/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of female graduates from upper secondary vocational programmes in the field health and welfare is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries. (77.5 %, rank 27/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in all fields is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (61.9 %, rank 8/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of information and communication technologies is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (35.2 %, rank 5/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Completion rates

    The completion rate of female new entrants to bachelor's programmes by the end of the theoretical duration of the programme was among the highest across countries with available data. (64.7 %, rank 6/33 , 2020) Download Indicator

    For male new entrants, the completion rate to bachelor's programmes by the end of the theoretical duration of the programme placed Israel among countries with the highest values. (55.8 %, rank 4/33 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Completion rates of all new entrants to bachelor's programmes by the theoretical duration ranked Israel among the countries with the highest levels. (61.2 %, rank 6/33 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Female completion rates to bachelor's programmes, measured by the end of the theoretical duration plus one year, were among the highest across participating countries. (78.4 %, rank 4/32 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Male completion rates to bachelor's programmes by the end of the theoretical duration plus one year were among the highest in Israel compared to other countries. (70.4 %, rank 2/32 , 2021) Download Indicator

    By the end of the theoretical duration plus one year, completion rates of all new entrants to bachelor's programmes placed Israel among the highest across countries with available data. (75.2 %, rank 3/32 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Female completion rates to bachelor's programmes, measured three years beyond the theoretical duration, were among the highest across countries with available data. (82.2 %, rank 7/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Male completion rates to bachelor's programmes three years after the theoretical duration placed Israel among the highest values internationally. (75 %, rank 5/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The completion rate of all new entrants to bachelor's programmes, measured three years beyond the theoretical end of the programme, ranked Israel among the highest across countries. (79.4 %, rank 5/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Dropout rates

    The drop out rate of female new entrants to bachelor's programmes by the end of the theoretical duration was among the lowest across countries with available data. (11.2 %, rank 24/30 , 2020) Download Indicator

    For male new entrants, the drop out rate by the end of the theoretical duration of the programme placed Israel among the lowest across countries. (15 %, rank 26/30 , 2020) Download Indicator

    The overall drop out rate of new entrants to bachelor's programmes by the end of the theoretical duration ranked Israel among the lowest internationally. (12.7 %, rank 25/30 , 2020) Download Indicator

    For male new entrants, drop out rates one year beyond the theoretical duration placed Israel among the lowest internationally. (17 %, rank 28/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Drop out rates of all new entrants to bachelor's programmes one year beyond the theoretical duration ranked Israel among the lowest across countries with available data. (14.8 %, rank 23/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Female drop out rates by the end of the theoretical duration plus three years placed Israel among the lowest across countries. (14.1 %, rank 21/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Male drop out rates to bachelor's programmes, measured three years beyond the theoretical duration, were among the lowest internationally. (19 %, rank 28/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The overall drop out rate of new entrants by the end of the theoretical duration plus three years was among the lowest across countries with available data. (16 %, rank 27/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Gap year

    The share of female students who entered a bachelor's programme and took at least one gap year was among the highest across countries with available data. (66.8 %, rank 5/23 , 2020) Download Indicator

    The share of male students who entered a bachelor's programme and took at least one gap year placed Israel among the highest internationally. (85.9 %, rank 1/23 , 2020) Download Indicator

    For all students who entered a bachelor's programme, the share who took at least one gap year ranked Israel among the highest across countries with available data. (74.4 %, rank 4/23 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Fields of education

    In Israel, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of arts and humanities is relatively low. (6.5 %, rank 34/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of business, administration and law is relatively low. (17.8 %, rank 34/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of health and welfare is relatively low. (8 %, rank 34/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, new entrants to doctoral programmes in STEM were among the largest across countries. (50.1 %, rank 7/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of new entrants to tertiary education in STEM fields ranked among the largest across countries with available data. (34.3 %, rank 2/35 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of services is comparatively small. (0 %, rank 37/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.3 %, rank 37/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of business, administration and law is relatively low, compared to other countries with available data. (4.5 %, rank 31/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is relatively low, compared to other countries with available data. (11.2 %, rank 31/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of information and communication technologies is relatively high, compared to other countries with available data. (5.7 %, rank 8/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is relatively high. (33.3 %, rank 3/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of services is one of the low among countries with available data. (0 %, rank 29/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of new entrants in Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary bachelor's programmes is especially lowest, compared to the other countries with other data. (0.2 %, rank 38/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of new entrants in services bachelor's programmes is especially low, compared to the other countries with other data. (0 %, rank 37/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of new entrants in engineering, manufacturing and construction master's programmes is relatively low in Israel among countries with available data. (6.3 %, rank 34/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of new entrants in agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary master's programmes is especially low. (0.5 %, rank 35/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of new entrants in Services master's programmes is comparatively low among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 36/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of new entrants in health and welfare bachelor's programmes is relatively low, compared to other countries with available data. (7.1 %, rank 34/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Student mobility

    Israel has a small share of international students graduate from tertiary programmes compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (1.3 %, rank 30/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Israel has one of the smallest proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in tertiary education among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.3 %, rank 37/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of worldwide foreign and international students is one of the small among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 38/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of international students entering tertiary education in Israel is relatively low. (3.2 %, rank 28/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of international graduates among bachelor's first-time graduates is relatively low. (1.2 %, rank 30/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of international graduates among first-time master's graduates is relatively low. (4.7 %, rank 29/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of international graduates among first-time doctorate graduates is relatively low. (10.5 %, rank 25/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of international students among the new entrants in master's programmes in Israel is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (6.8 %, rank 32/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in bachelor's programmes is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.6 %, rank 36/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in master's programmes is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.7 %, rank 39/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in bachelor's programmes among men is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (2.7 %, rank 36/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in master's programmes among men is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (6.5 %, rank 36/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Student mobility by field of education

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of social sciences, journalism and information among all international or foreign tertiary students in Israel is relatively high. (15.9 %, rank 1/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of business, administration and law among all international or foreign tertiary students in Israel is relatively low. (15.7 %, rank 29/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics among all international or foreign tertiary students in Israel is relatively high. (11.1 %, rank 10/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of international and foreign students among all students in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.6 %, rank 36/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of international and foreign students among all students in the field of information and communication technologies is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2 %, rank 35/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of international and foreign students among all students in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.2 %, rank 35/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of students enrolled in the field of agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary among all international or foreign tertiary students is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (0.8 %, rank 29/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student

    Annual expenditure per pupil at the pre-primary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5853 USD Equivalent, rank 28/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per student in post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2926 USD Equivalent, rank 20/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student for ancillary services on tertiary education in Israel is comparatively low. (40 USD Equivalent, rank 23/28 , 2022) Download Indicator

    From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure on primary to tertiary education in Israel is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2929 USD Equivalent, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Expenditure in education and national wealth

    In Israel, expenditure on primary through tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is one of the highest among OECD countries and partner economies. (6.1 %, rank 3/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, expenditure on primary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively high. (2.6 %, rank 2/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, public and private expenditure on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively high. (4.7 %, rank 2/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, public expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (4.3 %, rank 2/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, private expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (0.5 %, rank 4/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, public expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary to tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (4.9 %, rank 7/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, private expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary to tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (1.2 %, rank 5/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the private expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds on primary to post-secondary non-tertiary level is high. (0.4 %, rank 5/30 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The public expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds at primary to tertiary education is relatively high in Israel. (5.1 %, rank 3/30 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The proportion of private expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds for primary to tertiary education is comparatively high in Israel. (1 %, rank 4/28 , 2022) Download Indicator

    From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure per full-time equivalent student on primary to tertiary education in Israel is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.7 %, rank 22/29 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Government and private expenditure in education

    The share of private expenditure on tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (51.4 %, rank 7/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, total public expenditure on primary through tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively high. (13.5 %, rank 3/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, total public expenditure on primary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively high. (6.7 %, rank 1/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, total public expenditure on secondary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively high. (4.9 %, rank 6/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, total public expenditure on post-secondary non-tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively low. (0 %, rank 16/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of public expenditure on educational institutions, for tertiary education is comparatively small in Israel. (48.6 %, rank 36/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Who the teachers are

    The share of women among teaching staff in pre-primary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (99.4 %, rank 4/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in lower secondary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (78.4 %, rank 7/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in upper secondary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (70.9 %, rank 7/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers older than 50 is especially low. (28.4 %, rank 31/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of female teachers under 30 in lower secondary education is especially high in Israel. (85.8 %, rank 1/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of female teachers aged 50 or more in lower secondary education is especially high in Israel. (76.3 %, rank 10/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of bachelor's, master's and doctoral level teachers aged between 30 and 49 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (44.6 %, rank 28/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of tertiary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (45.6 %, rank 28/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of tertiary teachers younger than 30 is relatively high, compared to other countries with data available. (11.5 %, rank 8/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of teachers aged between 30 and 49 in pre-primary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (62.2 %, rank 7/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of male teachers in pre-primary education is especially low in Israel. (0.6 %, rank 36/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries

    After 15 years of experience, a lower secondary teacher with minimum qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (43191 USD Equivalent, rank 31/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The ratio of pre-primary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.81 Ratio, rank 4/18 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the change in statutory primary education teachers' salaries with 15 years of experience, based on most prevalent qualifications at different points in teachers' careers is relatively large. (116 Index, rank 8/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the change in statutory lower secondary education teachers' salaries with 15 years of experience, based on most prevalent qualifications at different points in teachers' careers is relatively large. (109 Index, rank 8/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, an upper secondary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (44444 USD Equivalent, rank 32/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a primary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (43928 USD Equivalent, rank 31/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The ratio of lower secondary female teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year women workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.14 Ratio, rank 4/26 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The salaries of 55-64 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is high in Israel. (1.02 Ratio, rank 4/27 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 25-34 year-old lower-secondary teachers is one of the lowest in Israel relatively compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (42402 USD Equivalent, rank 19/27 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the actual salaries of intermediate academic staff in public tertiary programmes were among the highest. (95528 USD Equivalent, rank 3/16 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, actual salaries of senior academic staff in bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent programmes were among the highest across countries. (146076 USD Equivalent, rank 2/17 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Actual salaries for all academic staff in public institutions placed Israel among the countries with the highest values. (100774 USD Equivalent, rank 3/16 , 2023) Download Indicator

    For other academic staff not on an academic career track, actual salaries in Israel were among the highest across countries with available data. (84956 USD Equivalent, rank 1/10 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries progression

    It takes lower secondary teachers longer to progress through the salary scale in Israel compared to other OECD and partner countries. (36 Years, rank 5/35 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Principals' salaries

    Lower-secondary 25-64 year-old school heads' salaries relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is high in Israel. (1.26 Ratio, rank 3/17 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Ratio of student to teaching staff

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the lower secondary level in private institutions is especially low in Israel. (1.8 Ratio, rank 37/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the lower secondary level in government-dependent private institutions is especially low in Israel. (1.8 Ratio, rank 21/21 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the number of students per teacher in public bachelor's, master's, doctoral or equivalent programmes is one of the highest among countries with available data. (16.8 Ratio, rank 10/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Organisation of the education system

    In Israel, the intended instruction time for lower secondary students (in hours per year) is one of the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1002 Hours, rank 9/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The total compulsory instruction time for primary students in Israel is one of the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5646 Hours, rank 6/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the total intended instruction time for primary students (in hours per year) is one of the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5646 Hours, rank 6/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The total compulsory instruction time for primary and lower secondary student in Israel is among the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8651 Hours, rank 7/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, total intended instruction time for primary and lower secondary students (in hours per year) is among the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8651 Hours, rank 8/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, compulsory instruction time for primary students, in hours per year, is one of the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (941 Hours, rank 7/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the intended instruction time for primary students, in hours per year, is one of the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (941 Hours, rank 7/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, compulsory instruction time for lower secondary students, in hours per year, is one of the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1002 Hours, rank 8/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Classes are particularly large in primary schools. (27 Students, rank 2/35 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Classes in public primary institutions are comparatively large in Israel. (28 Students, rank 1/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Classes in in private primary institutions are comparatively large in Israel. (26 Students, rank 4/35 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Classes in lower secondary public institutions are comparatively large in Israel. (31 Students, rank 2/35 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Classes in lower secondary private institutions are comparatively large in Israel. (26 Students, rank 4/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Employment and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (88.5 %, rank 28/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in Israel. (69.9 %, rank 32/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (76.7 %, rank 31/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 35-44 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (81.8 %, rank 29/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Israel. (81.7 %, rank 20/21 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Employment by gender and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (54.5 %, rank 30/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (73.6 %, rank 30/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old men with upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (75.7 %, rank 37/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with below upper secondary education is compartively low in Israel. (62.9 %, rank 30/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in Israel. (70.3 %, rank 36/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low (68.5 %, rank 26/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low (81.7 %, rank 32/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of employed 25-64 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (74.6 %, rank 35/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Israel. (69.5 %, rank 32/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Unemployment and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with below upper secondary education is comparatively low. (5.1 %, rank 34/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-olds with below upper secondary education is comparatively low. (2.9 %, rank 32/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (3 %, rank 36/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (1.8 %, rank 28/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (4.2 %, rank 3/14 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (2.9 %, rank 24/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (3.3 %, rank 29/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Among the unemployed population aged between 25 and 64, with below upper secondary education, the share of those who have been unemployed for less than 3 months is one of the smallest in Israel, compared to other OECD countries. (10 %, rank 27/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Among the unemployed population aged between 25 and 64 with below upper secondary education, the share of those who have been unemployed for at least 12 months is one of the largest in Israel, compared to other OECD countries. (59.5 %, rank 5/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Among the unemployed population aged between 25 and 64 with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education, the share of those who have been unemployed for less than 3 months is one of the smallest in Israel, compared to other OECD countries. (10.8 %, rank 28/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Among the unemployed population aged between 25 and 64 with tertiary education, the share of those who have been unemployed for less than 3 months is one of the smallest in Israel, compared to other OECD countries. (9.6 %, rank 29/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Among the unemployed population aged between 25 and 64 with tertiary education, the share of those who have been unemployed for at least 12 months is one of the largest in Israel, compared to OECD countries. (51.1 %, rank 4/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (3.7 %, rank 27/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (4.3 %, rank 27/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Israel. (3.1 %, rank 26/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Israel. (2.5 %, rank 27/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Unemployment by gender and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old men without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (3.5 %, rank 33/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old women without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (2.1 %, rank 35/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old men with below upper secondary education is compartively low in Israel. (6.2 %, rank 31/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old women with below upper secondary education is compartively low in Israel. (2.4 %, rank 35/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is compartively low in Israel. (3 %, rank 30/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in Israel. (3.7 %, rank 33/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old men with below upper secondary education is compartively low in Israel. (2.3 %, rank 31/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (1.7 %, rank 31/31 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of unemployed 25-64 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.1 %, rank 28/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of unemployed 25-64 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.4 %, rank 29/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Israel. (3.8 %, rank 31/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Israel. (4.6 %, rank 24/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Inactivity and educational attainment

    The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with below upper secondary education is high in Israel. (42.4 %, rank 5/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with tertiary education is high in Israel. (11.8 %, rank 9/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (20.3 %, rank 2/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (27.4 %, rank 5/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with below upper secondary education is one of the highest among countries with available data. (43.8 %, rank 5/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (14.6 %, rank 1/9 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (7.7 %, rank 3/23 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (7.8 %, rank 10/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with a short cycle tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (14.5 %, rank 7/23 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the highest among countries with available data. (23.9 %, rank 6/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (24.6 %, rank 8/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Inactivity by gender and educational attainment

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women without an upper secondary education is relatively high. (57.2 %, rank 8/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate 25-64 year-old women without an upper secondary education is relatively high compared to other countries with available data. (55.8 %, rank 8/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men without an upper secondary education is relatively high compared to other countries with available data. (32.9 %, rank 3/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men without an upper secondary education is relatively high compared to other countries with available data. (33.3 %, rank 5/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (27.1 %, rank 2/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (22.8 %, rank 1/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (30.3 %, rank 3/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (26.4 %, rank 9/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (14.3 %, rank 1/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (14.3 %, rank 8/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (28 %, rank 10/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (26.3 %, rank 2/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (21.6 %, rank 2/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively high. (13.7 %, rank 10/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men with tertiary education is relatively high. (8.8 %, rank 5/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Neither in education nor employed

    The share of inactive youth neither in formal education nor training among 18-24 year-olds in Israel is one of the highest among countries with available data. (17.7 %, rank 3/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of unemployed youth neither in formal education nor training among 18-24 year-olds in Israel is one of the highest among countries with available data. (20.6 %, rank 7/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of youth who have been unemployed for at least 3 months but less than a year and not in formal education or training among 18-24 year-olds in Israel is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (0.8 %, rank 26/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of youth who have been unemployed for less than 3 months and not in formal education or training among 18-24 year-olds in Israel is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (0.3 %, rank 29/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Israel is relatively high (47.4 %, rank 2/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Israel is relatively high (25 %, rank 1/27 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-29 year-olds neither in employment nor in education and training with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Israel is relatively high. (33.4 %, rank 1/30 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women with tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Israel is relatively high. (14 %, rank 10/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are inactive NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Israel is relatively high. (14.3 %, rank 8/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are unemployed NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Israel is relatively low. (1.9 %, rank 34/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are inactive NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Israel is relatively high. (18.2 %, rank 8/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are unemployed NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Israel is relatively low. (2.4 %, rank 28/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are inactive NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Israel is relatively high. (11.8 %, rank 2/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are unemployed NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Israel is relatively low. (2.6 %, rank 33/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are inactive NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Israel is relatively high. (17.3 %, rank 2/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are unemployed NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Israel is relatively low. (3.3 %, rank 32/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of inactive NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Israel is relatively high. (13 %, rank 8/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of unemployed NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Israel is relatively low. (2.3 %, rank 34/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of men neither employed nor in education among 15-29 year-olds is relatively high. (10.2 %, rank 10/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of women neither employed nor in education among 15-29 year-olds is relatively high. (9.3 %, rank 10/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Among 20-24 year-old men in Israel, a large share of them are neither employed nor in education or training. (20.1 %, rank 5/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of women neither employed nor in education or training among 20-24 year-olds is relatively high . (21 %, rank 9/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 18-24 year-olds who are neither employed nor in education or training is comparatively large in Israel. (20.6 %, rank 7/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 18-24 year-old men neither employed nor in education or training is one of the highest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (20.6 %, rank 3/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 18-24 year-old women neither employed nor in education or training is one of the highest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (20.5 %, rank 8/37 , 2024) Download Indicator


    The data table will display up to six selected countries.
    General findings
    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • Tertiary attainment among young adults has reached 48% on average across the OECD, the highest level ever, but progress has slowed since 2021. Attainment remains unequal, with women generally outpacing men, and older generations showing lower rates.
    • Employment outcomes for tertiary-educated adults remain strong overall: 87% of them are employed compared to 60% of those without upper seconday. Tertiary education offers good protection against unemployment, but women and disadvantaged groups still face labour market gaps, and inactivity persists among some adults. Moreover, adults with tertiary education earn on average 54% more than those with only upper secondary education.
    • Gender pay gaps remain significant. Despite higher attainment, women with tertiary education consistently earn less than men, even when working full-time, and this gap persists across age groups (73% on average for women aged 25 to 64).
    • Fields of study strongly influence labour market outcomes. Graduates in engineering and in health and welfare fare particularly well, while women’s participation in STEM remains below parity (14% of graduates at tertiary level) despite being 58% of all tertiary graduates.
    • Internationalisation continues to expand in tertiary education. The share of international students has grown steadily, and OECD countries host a large proportion of the world’s mobile students, reinforcing their global role in higher education.
    • Sustaining tertiary education requires adequate investment. Spending per student is already at 21 021 USD and rising, and tertiary expenditure represents a notable share of GDP (1.4% on average in OECD), making efficiency and equity crucial for long-term sustainability.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Attainment | Education policies: Access and Participation  | Education policies: Finance and Funding | Education policies: Labour market outcomes | 
    
                            
    
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    • Although many countries have near universal upper secondary attainment among 25–34 year-olds, on average across the OECD 13% of younger adults still lack an upper secondary qualification.
    • NEET shares are now below pre-pandemic levels in about half of OECD and partner countries with trend data; in 8 of these 16 countries the decline exceeds 1 percentage point, while 17 countries exceed pre-pandemic benchmarks and 6 saw increases of more than 2 percentage points.
    • Employment rates rise steadily with higher tertiary attainment: short-cycle 83%, bachelor’s 86%, master’s 90%, and doctoral or equivalent 93% among 25–64 year-olds.
    • Earnings premiums also increase with qualification level: on average across the OECD, short-cycle graduates earn 17% more than those with upper secondary; the advantage is 39% for bachelor’s and 83% for master’s/doctoral graduates.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Attainment | Education policies: Labour market outcomes | 
    
                            
    
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    • Most children aged 3 to 5 are enrolled in early childhood education, with an average participation rate of 85% across the OECD. By contrast, only 29% of children under the age of 3 are enrolled.
    • Participation in early childhood education has grown over the past decade, with enrolment for children under age 3 increasing by 9 percentage points to 29%, and enrolment for ages 3 and above rising by 5 points to 85%.
    • The majority of students in vocational upper secondary education follow programmes that grant full access to tertiary education, with 76% of students enrolled in such programmes on average across the OECD.
    • Completion rates for bachelor’s programmes increase after the theoretical duration of programmes: on average, 44% of students graduate on time, compared to 69% three years after.
    • Students from Asia form the largest regional group of internationally mobile students in tertiary education, representing 58% of all foreign or international students across the OECD in 2023.
    • Only 43% of students complete a bachelor’s degree within the expected duration, though this rises to 59% with one additional year and 70% with three additional years on average across the OECD.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Access and Participation  | 
    
                            
    
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    • Governments spend on average USD 12 438 per student in primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education, and USD 15 102 per student in tertiary education including R&D.
    • Expenditure per student has risen in absolute terms since 2015, but its share in public budgets has declined, with government spending on education at almost 15% of total government expenditure on average in 2022.
    • Annual spending per student at primary and secondary levels varies widely across OECD countries, from under USD 3 000 in some systems to over USD 25 000 in the most highly funded ones.
    • Tertiary education continues to expand, placing pressure on public budgets. Private sources represent a larger share of total funding at the tertiary level than at any other level of education.
    • Spending per student differs markedly between public and private institutions, with expenditure in public tertiary institutions exceeding USD 33 000 in some countries, compared to less than USD 10 000 in others.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Finance and Funding | 
    
                            
    
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    • Students in OECD countries receive an average of 7 604 hours of compulsory instruction during primary and lower secondary education, with total hours ranging widely across education systems.
    • Compulsory instruction time averages 804 hours per year for primary students and 909 hours for lower secondary students, a difference of about 105 hours annually.
    • The ratio of children to teachers in pre-primary education has fallen across most OECD countries, decreasing from an average of 15 children per teacher in 2013 to 13 in 2023.
    • Teachers’ statutory salaries increase with the level of education taught. On average, teachers with 15 years of experience earn USD 55 725 at pre-primary level and USD 63 925 at upper secondary level.
    • Teachers’ actual salaries are 83–91% of the earnings of similarly educated tertiary-educated workers, while school heads usually earn more than tertiary-educated workers on average across OECD countries.
    • The ratio of students to academic staff is lower in public than in private institutions, averaging about 14 students per staff member in public tertiary institutions compared to 18 in private ones.
    • Nearly half of OECD and partner countries operate non-selective admission systems for first degrees, providing broad access to tertiary education, while entrance exams and centralised systems are also common.
    • The salaries of academic staff in tertiary education vary by seniority. On average, junior staff earn about 62 000 USD, while senior staff earn about 108 000 USD.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Teachers | Education policies: Teachers | OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS)  | 
    
                            
    
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            Diagram of funding flows - Israel
            
    
            
    
        
    


        
		
    
            
    
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            Country Reviews for Israel
            
    
            
    
			
    
        
    
		
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
        
    
            Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced by countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple
            most- or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in education must be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities, 
			such as loans and grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey more and better content to students, but may hinder investments in other important
            areas. If you want further information on the nature of different variables, please take the time to read the analysis and contextual information, available at the website
            for each publication.
    
            All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: https://www.oecd.org/en/about/members-partners.html
            

    
			Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some 
			countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2026 for school year 2025/2026.
			

    
	    *TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. 
		This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages.
		Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and 
		Annex 3 
		of EAG 2024 for more details about the data collections.
            

    
            For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.