Croatia

Country overview

Select a country to explore its education data and publications.

Croatia
Overview of the education system (EAG 2026)
  • In Croatia, the share of adults with tertiary attainment reaches 31% (OECD average : 42.7%), while the share of adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment stands at 59.6% (OECD average : 39.9%) and 9.4% of 25-64 year-olds reached below upper secondary education (OECD average : 17.9%).
  • Some 80.3% of children aged 3 are enrolled in early childhood education (OECD average : 81.5%), while 83.5% of children aged 3 to 5 are enrolled in early childhood education (OECD average : 86%).
  • The unemployment rate among tertiary-educated young adults stands at 5.5% in 2025 (OECD average : 5%).
  • Some 13.2% of all 18-24 year-olds were not in employment, education or training (NEET) in 2025 (OECD average : 14.1%), while 14.6% of 25-29 year-olds were NEET (OECD average : 16.3%).
  • On-site work varies with the level of education, while 26.2% of tertiary-educated workers sometimes or usually work from home in Croatia (OECD average : 42.5%), 6.4% of workers with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment did so (OECD average : 17.7%).
  • In Croatia, annual typical teaching hours were 499 hours in primary education (OECD average : 770 hours) and 604 hours in lower secondary education (OECD average : 710 hours).
  • Women represent 99.4% of pre-primary teaching staff in Croatia (OECD average : 95.9%) and 74.2% in lower secondary education (OECD average : 68.2%).
    • | Education at a Glance 2026 (EAG 2026): OECD Indicators | Country note | Annexes from Education at a Glance 2026 | OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics 2018 | Ministerio de Educación Pública de la República de Costa Rica (Ministry of Public Education, in Spanish) |

    Select first some countries to compare, choose the charts you wish to display and customise them.

    The following list displays indicators for which your selected country shows the highest and lowest values among countries. The list can be sorted by level of education or by age group. All rankings are calculated including available data from OECD and partner countries. Find out more about the methodology here.

    Show indicators for which your country ranks among the top or bottom: Sort by:

    Attainment

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.6 %, rank 39/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (54.5 %, rank 4/41 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (59.6 %, rank 3/41 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary qualification is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (56.1 %, rank 2/33 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary qualification is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.5 %, rank 35/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the percentage of 25-64 year-olds who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (7.1 %, rank 35/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-olds who have attained a vocational degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary level is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (49.6 %, rank 1/33 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-olds who have attained a general degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.9 %, rank 36/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the largest among countries with available data. (27.4 %, rank 5/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Attainment by gender

    The proportion of 25-64 year-old men who have attained a general degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3 %, rank 36/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-old women who have attained a general degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.1 %, rank 35/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old women who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (8 %, rank 35/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in Croatia is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.4 %, rank 39/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old women who attained below upper secondary education in Croatia is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.6 %, rank 39/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Croatia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (45.9 %, rank 36/37 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Entrance

    In Croatia, the average age of new entrants in short-cycle programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (21.3 Years, rank 32/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the average age of new entrants in master's programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (23.7 Years, rank 38/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Participation in education

    The proportion of upper secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (71.2 %, rank 2/41 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Enrolment of 6–14-year-olds in primary education placed Croatia among the lowest across countries. (40.4 %, rank 43/43 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The average age of lower secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes in Croatia is one of the lowest compared to other countries with available data. (10.8 %, rank 20/20 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of below-two year-olds in other registered ECEC services in Croatia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 12/16 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in upper secondary general programmes in Croatia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (20.4 %, rank 40/43 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in upper secondary vocational programmes in Croatia is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (50.2 %, rank 3/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of two-year-olds in other registered ECEC services in Croatia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 14/16 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of three-year-olds in other registered ECEC services in Croatia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 11/15 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Graduation

    In Croatia, the percentage of first-time short-cycle tertiary graduates younger than 30 is relatively low. (0 %, rank 28/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the percentage of first-time doctorate graduates younger than 35 is relatively low. (42.7 %, rank 28/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the share of first-time graduates in general programmes at upper secondary level is comparatively low. (28 %, rank 35/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Graduation by gender

    The share of female graduates from upper secondary general programmes is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (64 %, rank 1/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education

    The share of doctoral graduates in the field of business, administration and law in Croatia is relatively small. (2.5 %, rank 37/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of doctoral graduates in the field of information and communication technologies in Croatia is relatively small. (1 %, rank 34/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education and gender

    In Croatia, the share of male tertiary graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (16 %, rank 37/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Fields of education

    In Croatia, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of arts and humanities is relatively small. (0 %, rank 27/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of information and communication technologies is relatively small. (0 %, rank 26/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in field of health and welfare is relatively small. (0 %, rank 24/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of information and communication technologies is relatively low, compared to other countries with available data. (0.9 %, rank 30/31 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the share of new entrants in education bachelor's programmes is among the smallest, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.3 %, rank 28/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the percentage of new entrants in business, administration and law bachelor's programmes is relatively low, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.3 %, rank 28/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of services is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (0 %, rank 24/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Student mobility

    The share of worldwide foreign and international students is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.1 %, rank 42/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Adult participation in non-formal education

    In Croatia, the share of employed adults aged 25-44 participating in non-formal education or training was among the smallest across countries with available data. (27.9 %, rank 29/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of employed adults aged 45-64 participating in non-formal education or training was among the smallest in Croatia compared with other countries with available data. (21.9 %, rank 29/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Among employed adults aged 25-64, participation in non-formal education or training in Croatia was among the lowest across countries with available data. (25.1 %, rank 29/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the share of unemployed adults aged 25-44 participating in non-formal education or training was among the smallest across countries with available data. (11.8 %, rank 27/28 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of unemployed adults aged 45-64 participating in non-formal education or training placed Croatia among countries with the smallest shares. (10.5 %, rank 23/23 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Among unemployed adults aged 25-64, the share participating in non-formal education or training in Croatia was among the lowest across countries with available data. (11.4 %, rank 29/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the share of adults aged 25-44 outside the labour force participating in non-formal education or training was among the smallest across countries with available data. (8 %, rank 29/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of adults aged 45-64 outside the labour force participating in non-formal education or training was among the lowest in Croatia compared with other countries with available data. (3 %, rank 28/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Among adults aged 25-64 outside the labour force, participation in non-formal education or training in Croatia was among the lowest across countries with available data. (4.2 %, rank 30/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the share of adults aged 25-64 with below upper secondary attainment who reported never having participated in non-formal education or training was among the largest across countries with available data. (67 %, rank 4/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of adults aged 25-64 with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment who reported never having participated in non-formal education or training was among the highest in Croatia compared with other countries with available data. (47.8 %, rank 2/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Among adults aged 25-64 with tertiary attainment, the share reporting never having participated in non-formal education or training in Croatia was among the largest across countries with available data. (18.8 %, rank 5/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Teachers

    The number of hours per year primary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively low in Croatia. (499 Hours, rank 37/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Who the teachers are

    The share of women among teaching staff in pre-primary education is one of the largest across OECD and partner countries with available data. (99.4 %, rank 4/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of male teachers in pre-primary education is especially low in Croatia. (0.6 %, rank 36/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries progression

    The salary progression from the start to the top of the salary scale for a lower secondary school teacher is among the smallest across OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.19 Ratio, rank 40/43 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The ratio of primary teachers' salaries at the top of the scale to their starting salary is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.19 Ratio, rank 40/43 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The ratio of upper secondary teachers' salaries at the top of the scale to their starting salary is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.19 Ratio, rank 42/43 , 2025) Download Indicator

    It takes lower secondary teachers longer to progress through the salary scale in Croatia compared to other OECD and partner countries. (40 Years, rank 1/42 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In primary education, the salary ratio of teachers with maximum qualifications at the top of the salary scale to those with minimum training and starting salaries is comparatively low. (1.19 Ratio, rank 41/44 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In lower secondary education, the salary ratio of teachers with maximum qualifications at the top of the salary scale to those with minimum training and starting salaries is comparatively low. (1.19 Ratio, rank 41/44 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In upper secondary education, the salary ratio of teachers with maximum qualifications at the top of the salary scale to those with minimum training and starting salaries is relatively low. (1.19 Ratio, rank 43/44 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Teacher shortages

    Between 2015 and 2024, Croatia reported a decrease in the number of students enrolled in education. (89 Index, rank 37/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Ratio of student to teaching staff

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the lower secondary level is especially low. (7.8 Ratio, rank 38/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the upper secondary level is especially low. (7.8 Ratio, rank 42/42 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The number of students per teacher in secondary schools is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.8 Ratio, rank 39/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the number of students per teacher in general upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9.9 Ratio, rank 35/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the vocational upper secondary level is especially low in Croatia. (7.1 Ratio, rank 31/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the number of students per teacher in public lower secondary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.8 Ratio, rank 39/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the lower secondary level in private institutions is especially low in Croatia. (6.7 Ratio, rank 37/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the lower secondary level in independent private institutions is especially low in Croatia. (6.7 Ratio, rank 25/26 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the number of students per teacher in public upper secondary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.8 Ratio, rank 44/44 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the number of students per teacher in all public secondary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.8 Ratio, rank 41/41 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the number of students per teacher in all private secondary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.6 Ratio, rank 36/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the secondary level in independent private institutions is especially low in Croatia. (7.6 Ratio, rank 24/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Organisation of the education system

    Classes are particularly small in lower secondary schools. (18 Students, rank 35/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Classes are particularly small in primary schools. (16 Students, rank 35/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Classes in public primary institutions are comparatively small in Croatia. (16 Students, rank 36/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Classes in lower secondary public institutions are comparatively small in Croatia. (18 Students, rank 35/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Classes in lower secondary private institutions are comparatively small in Croatia. (14 Students, rank 35/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, classes in primary education are comparatively small. (16 Students, rank 35/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In independent private institutions at lower secondary level, the average class size is relatively small in Croatia among OECD and partner countries with available data. (14 Students, rank 19/22 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, classes in lower secondary education are comparatively small. (18 Students, rank 35/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Employment and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds without upper secondary education is comparatively low across participating countries. (42.4 %, rank 38/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-olds with below upper secondary education is relatively low in Croatia compared to other participating countries. (29.4 %, rank 37/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (52 %, rank 36/36 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Croatia. (77.7 %, rank 34/38 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Employment by gender and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old men without upper secondary education is comparatively low across participating countries. (49.7 %, rank 37/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with below upper secondary education is relatively low in Croatia compared to other participating countries. (53.8 %, rank 35/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-old men with below upper secondary education is relatively low in Croatia compared to other participating countries. (34.6 %, rank 37/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Croatia compared to other participating countries. (57.5 %, rank 37/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-old women with below upper secondary education is relatively low in Croatia compared to other participating countries. (26.3 %, rank 35/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the share of employed 25-64 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (79.7 %, rank 28/32 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Croatia. (66.1 %, rank 36/36 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Inactivity and educational attainment

    The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with below upper secondary education is high in Croatia. (46.6 %, rank 3/39 , 2025) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (4.9 %, rank 32/36 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Inactivity by gender and educational attainment

    In Croatia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively low. (7.2 %, rank 37/40 , 2025) Download Indicator

    Earnings and skill level

    In Croatia, the share of high earners aged 25-64 with low numeracy, literacy and adaptive problem-solving skills in the Adult Skills Survey was among the greatest across countries with available data. (27.7 %, rank 3/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Neither in education nor employed

    The share of youth who have been unemployed for less than 3 months and not in formal education or training among 18-24 year-olds in Croatia is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (0.8 %, rank 25/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Social outcomes

    In Croatia, the share of employed men aged 25-64 with tertiary education reporting high or very high flexibility in their main job was among the lowest across countries with available data. (22.7 %, rank 30/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the share of employed women aged 25-64 with tertiary education reporting high or very high flexibility in their main job was among the lowest across countries with available data. (16.6 %, rank 30/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Croatia, the share of adults aged 25-64 with below upper secondary attainment who kept worrying about work when not working some or most of the time was among the largest across countries with available data. (43.2 %, rank 5/26 , 2024) Download Indicator


    The data table will display up to six selected countries.
    General findings
    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • Educational attainment remains at an all-time high in 2025 as more people obtain advanced qualifications. Across the OECD, 43% of working-age adults have a tertiary qualification, while the share of adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment is slightly lower at 39%.
    • On a similar note, the share of young adults without upper secondary attainment continues to decline across the OECD, standing at 12% in 2025. Therefore, while more young adults obtain a tertiary qualification, the share of individuals whose highest qualification is upper secondary with a vocational orientation is decreasing in almost all OECD countries. 
    • Regarding the share of young people being neither in employment nor in education or training, it stood at 14% as of 2025 across OECD countries. However, cross-country comparisons reveal a wide variety of trends, ranging from large falls in Croatia or Ireland to increases in Germany or Latvia.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Attainment | Education policies: Labour market outcomes | 
    
                            
    
                                Visualisations
    
                            

                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                    
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                    
            

    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • Most children aged 3 to 5 are enrolled in early childhood education, with an average participation rate of 86% across the OECD in 2024. Participation in early childhood education increases with age and tends to be higher in countries with stronger institutional support for participation.
    • 76.2% of students complete upper secondary programmes within the theoretical programme duration. This rises to 84.9% with two additional years on average across the OECD.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Access and Participation  | 
    
                            
    
                                Visualisations
    
                            

                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                    
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                    
            

    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • In 2023, OECD countries allocated an average of 9.8% of total government expenditure to education, equivalent to 4.2% of GDP.
    • Total expenditure on education tends to rise with the level of education. In primary education, expenditure per student was USD 13 552 in 2023 on average across the OECD. This amount rises to USD 14 923 in secondary education and to USD 22 402 in tertiary education.
    • Tertiary education continues to expand, placing pressure on public budgets. Private sources represent a larger share of total funding at the tertiary level than at any other level of education. However, as a whole most investment in education comes from public sources. On average, across the OECD, government expenditure on primary to tertiary education corresponded to 4% of GDP in 2023, while private expenditure corresponded to 0.6%. Both of these figures are measured as initial source of funds, which implies that we are tracking the original provider.
    • Research and development represents around one-third of total expenditure across the OECD on tertiary educational institutions, underlining their dual role in both teaching and research. On average across the OECD, in 2023, USD 8 060 were invested annually into research and development for every student enrolled in tertiary education.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Finance and Funding | 
    
                            
    
                                Visualisations
    
                            

                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                    
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                    
            

    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • Compulsory teaching time averages 770 hours per year for primary students and 710 hours for lower secondary students (general programmes), a difference of about 60 hours annually.
    • The ratio of children to teachers in primary education has slightly fallen across most OECD countries, decreasing from an average of 15 children per teacher in 2015 to 14 in 2024.
    • Teachers’ statutory salaries increase with the level of education taught. On average, across OECD countries and economies, the salaries of teachers with the most prevalent qualifications with 15 years of experience range from USD 60 437 at pre-primary level to USD 68 928 at upper secondary level.
    • Teachers’ actual salaries at primary and general secondary levels of education are 87-95% of the average earnings of tertiary-educated workers across OECD countries. School heads' actual salaries are usually higher than those of tertiary-educated workers.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Teachers | Education policies: Learning environment | OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS)  | 
    
                            
    
                                Visualisations
    
                            

                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                    
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                    
            

    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • On average across OECD countries, 9.1% of teachers in primary and secondary education are non-fully qualified, with shares exceeding 18% in Chile, Denmark, Estonia and Germany.
    • Furthermore, the share of fully qualified teachers leaving the profession in primary and secondary schools stands at 6.4% of the total teaching workforce.
    • The ratio of children to teachers in primary education has slightly fallen across most OECD countries, decreasing from an average of 15 children per teacher in 2015 to 14 in 2024.
    • Regarding job satisfaction among teachers, participating countries show wide differences. Japan, Spain and Czechia reported that teachers tend to be much more satisfied with their jobs than other employed adults. On the other hand, teachers in Hungary, Chile or Latvia tend to be less satisfied with their jobs than other employed adults.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Teachers | Education policies: Teacher working conditions | Education policies: Teacher employment | 
    
                            
    
                                Visualisations
    
                            

                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                    
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                Click the arrow sign next to the title:
                                    arrows
                                    to display other variables
                                
    
                                
                                    
                                
    
                            
    
                    
            
                
    
            
    
        
    
        
    
            
        
    
        
    
            
        
    

        
        
		
        
		
    
			
    
				Key
            
    
            Diagram of funding flows - Croatia
            
    
            
    
        
    


        
		
    
            
    
			Click on the coverpage to see the full OECD iLibrary version
			
    
				Key
            
    
            Country Reviews for Croatia
            
    
            
    
			
    
        
    
		
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
        
    
            Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced by countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple
            most- or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in education must be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities, 
			such as loans and grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey more and better content to students, but may hinder investments in other important
            areas. If you want further information on the nature of different variables, please take the time to read the analysis and contextual information, available at the website
            for each publication.
    
            All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: https://www.oecd.org/en/about/members-partners.html
            

    
			
            Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some 
			countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. 
			However, OECD averages from Education at a Glance coming from the OECD database are the averages for the indicator reference year appearing in the Education GPS and may differ from averages in the book where averages can include data from multiple reference years, based on countries' data availability.
			

    
			To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2026 for school year 2025/2026 in the Northern Hemisphere.
			

    
	    *TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. 
		This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages.
		Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and 
		Sources Methodologies and Technical Notes 
		of EAG 2025 for more details about the data collections.
		

    
        For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.