Czechia
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Czechia
Overview of the education system (EAG 2025)
  • The share of 25-34 year-olds without upper secondary rose from 7% to 8% between 2019 and 2024, diverging from the OECD average decline to 13%.
  • Unemployment rates are lower than OECD averages: 9.5% without upper secondary, 2.8% with upper secondary, and 2.4% with tertiary attainment.
  • Master’s attainment is above average, with 20% of 25-34 year-olds holding such a degree in 2024, compared to the OECD average of 16% and unchanged since 2019.
  • Wage gaps are wide: 21% between those with and without upper secondary, and 60% between upper secondary and tertiary graduates, both above OECD averages.
  • Participation in education and training is strongly linked to literacy: in 2023, 69% of adults with high proficiency took part, compared to just 21% of those with low proficiency.
  • Government expenditure per tertiary student is USD 12,777, below the OECD average of USD 15,102.
  • In Czechia, education investment equals 4.2% of GDP, below the OECD average of 4.7%.
  • Public funding dominates, covering 90.5% of primary to post-secondary non-tertiary education, slightly above the OECD average of 90.1%.
    • | Education at a Glance 2025 | Country note | Annexes from Education at a Glance 2025 | OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics 2018 | OECD Education Policy Outlook: Czech Republic | Ministerstvo skolství, mládeze a telovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport) | Ceský statistický úrad (Czech Statistical Office) |

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    The following list displays indicators for which your selected country shows the highest and lowest values among countries. The list can be sorted by level of education or by age group. All rankings are calculated including available data from OECD and partner countries. Find out more about the methodology here.

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    Attainment

    The level of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (58.9 %, rank 1/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.7 %, rank 38/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (66.8 %, rank 1/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary qualification is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (62.3 %, rank 1/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained a general upper secondary or post-secondary qualification is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.4 %, rank 33/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the lowest percentages of 25-64 year-olds whose highest education level is a short-cycle tertiary education degree. (0.2 %, rank 29/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.9 %, rank 37/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (75.1 %, rank 1/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-olds who have attained a vocational degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (53.4 %, rank 1/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-olds who have attained a general degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.5 %, rank 34/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The level of short-cycle tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.1 %, rank 28/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The level of short-cycle tertiary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 28/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (12.8 %, rank 33/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Attainment by gender

    The proportion of 25-64 year-old men who have attained a general degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.4 %, rank 34/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-old men who have attained tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (26.1 %, rank 37/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the smallest shares of 25-64 year-old men whose highest education level is a short-cycle tertiary education degree. (0.2 %, rank 29/31 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the smallest shares of 25-64 year-old women whose highest education level is a short-cycle tertiary education degree. (0.2 %, rank 29/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of 25-64 year-old men who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (5.3 %, rank 34/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.4 %, rank 38/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old women who attained below upper secondary education in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.1 %, rank 36/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 55-64 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.5 %, rank 39/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of 55-64 year-old women who attained below upper secondary education in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.3 %, rank 36/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of 25-34 year-old women who have attained a short cycle tertiary degree is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data (0.1 %, rank 26/26 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of 25-34 year-old men who have attained a short cycle tertiary degree is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data (0.2 %, rank 25/25 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Attainment by field of education

    The percentage of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (9.3 %, rank 28/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of health (nursing and associate health fields) is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (3.5 %, rank 10/12 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Entrance

    The share of women among tertiary education new entrants is one of the largest compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (56.4 %, rank 3/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the average age of new entrants in short-cycle programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (21.5 Years, rank 31/35 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the average age of new entrants in master's programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (24.1 Years, rank 36/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of first-time entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (0.8 %, rank 27/28 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Entrance by field of education and gender

    In Czechia, the share of female new entrants to doctoral programmes in business, administration and law was among the smallest internationally. (43.5 %, rank 32/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of health and welfare is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (14.3 %, rank 37/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Participation in education

    The proportion of upper secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (73.1 %, rank 1/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of students enrolled in private institutions at all early childhood education level is comparatively low. (4.6 %, rank 37/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of students enrolled in private institutions at pre-primary level is comparatively low. (4.6 %, rank 44/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the smallest shares of lower secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes. (0.5 %, rank 18/22 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of post-secondary non-tertiary students enrolled in programmes giving full level completion without access to tertiary education is relatively small compared to other OECD or partner contries. (49.7 %, rank 12/15 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in upper secondary general programmes in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (20 %, rank 46/47 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in upper secondary vocational programmes in Czechia is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (50.6 %, rank 2/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Graduation

    The percentage of first-time graduates in vocational programmes at upper secondary level is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (70.3 %, rank 2/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of first-time short-cycle graduates is relatively low in Czechia. (1 %, rank 25/28 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of first-time graduates in vocational programmes at post-secondary non-tertiary level is comparatively small. (45.7 %, rank 24/24 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of first-time graduates in general programmes at upper secondary level is comparatively low. (29.7 %, rank 36/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The average age of short-cycle tertiary graduates in Czechia is among the youngest. (24 Years, rank 21/25 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Graduation by gender

    Among OECD and partner countries with available data, Czechia has one of the largest shares of women graduates from tertiary programmes. (62 %, rank 5/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of female first-time graduates in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (66.1 %, rank 4/27 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.7 %, rank 40/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of doctoral graduates in the field of sciences, journalism and information in Czechia is relatively small. (6.3 %, rank 41/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of short-cycle tertiary vocational graduates in the field of arts and humanities is relatively high compared to other OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (10 %, rank 1/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of short-cycle tertiary vocational graduates in the field of STEM is relatively low compared to other OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (0 %, rank 34/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent graduates in the field of STEM is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3 %, rank 2/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent graduates in the field of services is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1 %, rank 1/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education and gender

    In Czechia, the proportion of female graduates from upper secondary vocational programmes in the field health and welfare is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries. (90.1 %, rank 3/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Student mobility

    Czechia has a large share of international students graduate from tertiary programmes compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (16.6 %, rank 4/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student

    Annual expenditure per student in post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2073 USD Equivalent, rank 22/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Expenditure in education and national wealth

    In Czechia, expenditure on secondary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively high. (2.3 %, rank 3/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, international expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (0 %, rank 4/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, international expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds on tertiary education is relatively large. (0.1 %, rank 5/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Nature of expenditure

    In Czechia, the share of capital expenditure on tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (13.8 %, rank 5/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of current expenditure on tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (86.2 %, rank 32/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Who the teachers are

    The share of women among teaching staff in pre-primary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (99.4 %, rank 4/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in primary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (94 %, rank 4/43 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (40.5 %, rank 19/21 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in tertiary education (bachelor's, master's, doctorate or equivalent education) is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (38.1 %, rank 33/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (38.2 %, rank 39/43 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Females under 30 represent a small proportion of teachers in upper secondary education in Czechia. (48.3 %, rank 37/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of female teachers aged 50 or more in lower secondary education is especially high in Czechia. (79.9 %, rank 5/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of female teachers aged 50 or more in tertiary education is especially high in Czechia. (68.8 %, rank 1/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of short-cycle tertiary female teachers younger than 30 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (49 %, rank 17/20 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The percentage of male teachers in pre-primary education is especially low in Czechia. (0.6 %, rank 36/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In upper secondary education, the percentage of teachers aged 50 or more is particularly high in Czechia. (51.8 %, rank 5/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of upper secondary vocational education teachers aged 50 or more is relatively high, compared to the other countries with available data. (51.8 %, rank 4/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries

    After 15 years of experience, a lower secondary teacher with minimum qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (30359 USD Equivalent, rank 38/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, an upper secondary teacher with minimum qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (30359 USD Equivalent, rank 38/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a pre-primary teacher with minimum qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (27265 USD Equivalent, rank 32/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a primary teacher with minimum qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (30359 USD Equivalent, rank 38/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The average actual pre-primary teacher's salary among teachers aged between 25-64 is one of the lowest per hour of net teaching time among OECD and partner countries with available data. (33466 USD Equivalent, rank 24/28 , 2023) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a lower secondary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (30359 USD Equivalent, rank 39/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, an upper secondary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (30359 USD Equivalent, rank 39/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a pre-primary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (27265 USD Equivalent, rank 32/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a primary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (30359 USD Equivalent, rank 39/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The ratio of lower secondary male teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year men workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.63 Ratio, rank 22/26 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The average actual salary of 25-64 year-old lower secondary female teachers is one of the lowest per hour of net teaching time among OECD and partner countries with available data. (41322 USD Equivalent, rank 22/26 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The average actual salary 25-64 year-old lower secondary teachers is one of the lowest per hour of net teaching time among OECD and partner countries with available data. (41440 USD Equivalent, rank 22/26 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The salaries of 35-44 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is low in Czechia. (0.67 Ratio, rank 24/27 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The salaries of 45-54 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is low in Czechia. (0.67 Ratio, rank 24/27 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 35-44 year-old lower-secondary teachers is one of the lowest in Czechia. (39670 USD Equivalent, rank 23/27 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 45-54 year-old lower-secondary teachers is one of the lowest in Czechia. (42848 USD Equivalent, rank 23/27 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 55-64 year-old lower-secondary teachers is one of the lowest in Czechia. (44974 USD Equivalent, rank 24/27 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Czechia had some of the lowest actual salaries for junior academic staff in bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent programmes, in public institutions. (38769 USD Equivalent, rank 16/17 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the actual salaries of intermediate academic staff in public tertiary programmes were among the lowest. (47845 USD Equivalent, rank 15/16 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, actual salaries of senior academic staff in bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent programmes were among the lowest across countries. (73549 USD Equivalent, rank 15/17 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries progression

    Salaries of lower secondary teachers with minimum training after 10 years of experience are especially low. (29104 USD Equivalent, rank 37/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Salaries of lower secondary teachers with minimum training at the top of scale are especially low. (36046 USD Equivalent, rank 39/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Salaries of upper secondary teachers with minimum training after 10 years of experience are especially low. (29104 USD Equivalent, rank 37/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Salaries of upper secondary teachers with minimum training at the top of scale are especially low. (35962 USD Equivalent, rank 39/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Salaries of pre-primary teachers with minimum training after 10 years of experience are especially low. (26595 USD Equivalent, rank 31/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Salaries of pre-primary teachers with minimum training at the top of scale are especially low. (30275 USD Equivalent, rank 33/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Principals' salaries

    The average actual salaries of 25-64 year-old pre-primary school heads is one of the lowest in Czechia. (48945 USD Equivalent, rank 18/22 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the average actual salaries of 25-34 year-old lower-secondary school heads is relatively low compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (56052 USD Equivalent, rank 13/17 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 35-44 year-old lower secondary school heads is one of the lowest in Czechia. (60899 USD Equivalent, rank 20/24 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 45-54 year-old lower secondary school heads is one of the lowest in Czechia. (66300 USD Equivalent, rank 20/24 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 55-64 year-old lower secondary school heads is one of the lowest in Czechia. (69676 USD Equivalent, rank 20/24 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of lower secondary men school heads aged 25 to 64 is one of the lowest in Czechia. (68937 USD Equivalent, rank 20/24 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of lower secondary women school heads aged 25 to 64 is one of the lowest in Czechia. (65497 USD Equivalent, rank 20/24 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Ratio of student to teaching staff

    In Czechia, the share of teachers' aides among contact staff in pre-primary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (10 Ratio, rank 16/18 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Organisation of the education system

    Classes in in private primary institutions are comparatively small in Czechia. (14 Students, rank 31/35 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Classes in lower secondary private institutions are comparatively small in Czechia. (14 Students, rank 31/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In government-dependent private institutions at primary education level, the average class size is relatively small in Czechia among OECD and other partner countries with available data. (14 Students, rank 19/20 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In government-dependent private institutions at lower secondary level, classes are one of the smallest in Czechia among OECD and partner countries with available data. (14 Students, rank 19/20 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Employment and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a short-cycle tertiary education degree is high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (91.7 %, rank 2/31 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with tertiary education is compartively low in Czechia. (77.8 %, rank 37/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-olds with tertiary education is compartively high in Czechia. (90.1 %, rank 2/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Czechia. (73 %, rank 33/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Czechia. (80.5 %, rank 31/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Employment by gender and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively high. (86.2 %, rank 2/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old men with tertiary education is comparatively high. (96.1 %, rank 2/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is compartively low in Czechia. (66.9 %, rank 37/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low (63.6 %, rank 30/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively high (95.5 %, rank 2/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of employed 25-64 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (80.9 %, rank 3/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of employed 25-64 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (92.7 %, rank 1/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of employed 25-64 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (91.5 %, rank 2/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high in Czechia. (87.1 %, rank 5/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Employment by field of education

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of arts is high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (90.1 %, rank 2/16 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (93.3 %, rank 3/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of health (nursing and associate health fields) is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (84.9 %, rank 9/11 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Unemployment and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (2.8 %, rank 36/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (2 %, rank 31/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low. (0.9 %, rank 33/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (2.1 %, rank 36/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low. (1.3 %, rank 37/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (1.2 %, rank 33/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (2.1 %, rank 30/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (1.9 %, rank 36/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Among the unemployed population aged between 25 and 64, with below upper secondary education, the share of those who have been unemployed for less than 3 months is one of the smallest in Czechia, compared to other OECD countries. (15.2 %, rank 26/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (2.8 %, rank 30/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (2.6 %, rank 33/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Czechia. (2.2 %, rank 31/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Unemployment by gender and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (1.7 %, rank 37/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old men with tertiary education is comparatively low. (1.2 %, rank 37/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old women with tertiary education is comparatively low. (1.5 %, rank 35/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in Czechia. (2 %, rank 36/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old men with tertiary education is compartively low in Czechia. (0.9 %, rank 32/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in Czechia. (1.8 %, rank 33/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old women with tertiary education is compartively low in Czechia. (0.9 %, rank 31/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (2 %, rank 31/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of unemployed 25-64 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.4 %, rank 31/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of unemployed 25-64 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.3 %, rank 33/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of unemployed 25-64 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.8 %, rank 31/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Czechia. (2.8 %, rank 33/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Czechia. (2.5 %, rank 32/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Inactivity and educational attainment

    The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with tertiary education is high in Czechia. (20.3 %, rank 1/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (24.8 %, rank 3/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (17.7 %, rank 1/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a short cycle tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (7.7 %, rank 28/30 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (11.9 %, rank 34/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (12.9 %, rank 35/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (11.8 %, rank 31/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The inactivity rate of 55-64 years-old adults with tertiary education is low in Czechia. (9 %, rank 39/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Inactivity by gender and educational attainment

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (38 %, rank 5/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (17.1 %, rank 34/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (6.1 %, rank 35/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (33.5 %, rank 2/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (2.6 %, rank 31/33 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (6.8 %, rank 34/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (34 %, rank 5/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (3.2 %, rank 36/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (6.8 %, rank 36/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively high. (31.3 %, rank 1/39 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with tertiary education is relatively low. (2.8 %, rank 39/40 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Earnings and educational attainment

    Earnings of foreign-born aged between 25 and 64 who work full- and part-time with a short cycle tertiary education are comparatively low. (108.4 %, rank 21/24 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of worker earning more than twice the median among those with a short-cycle tertiary education degree is comparatively low. (1.5 %, rank 21/21 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers without an upper secondary education earning at or below half the overall median in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (14 Index, rank 27/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 25-64 year-olds working full-time and full-year with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education compared to those of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively high in Czechia. (136 Index, rank 5/21 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education earning at or below half the overall median in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (6 Index, rank 27/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers with tertiary education earning at or below half the overall median in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (2 Index, rank 29/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Earnings, gender and educational attainment

    Earnings of women (as a percentage of men's earnings) among full- and part-time 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education are one of the highest among countries with available data. (82.5 %, rank 4/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (25-34 year-olds without an upper secondary education working full-time full-year) are one of the highest among countries with available data. (91.2 %, rank 5/24 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (25-64 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (77 %, rank 17/21 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (25-64 year-olds with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are one of the highest among countries with available data. (84 %, rank 4/21 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Neither in education nor employed

    The share of inactive youth neither in formal education nor training among 18-24 year-olds in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (4.1 %, rank 35/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of unemployed youth neither in formal education nor training among 18-24 year-olds in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (6.2 %, rank 35/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of youth who have been unemployed for at least 3 months but less than a year and not in formal education or training among 18-24 year-olds in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (0.8 %, rank 26/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of youth who have been unemployed for less than 3 months and not in formal education or training among 18-24 year-olds in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (0.8 %, rank 25/29 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men without an upper secondary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low (18.1 %, rank 28/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low (5.3 %, rank 23/24 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively high (34.8 %, rank 5/28 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low (3.7 %, rank 27/27 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (3.9 %, rank 34/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men with tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (3.9 %, rank 27/31 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are unemployed NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (1.9 %, rank 33/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are inactive NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (1.7 %, rank 37/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are unemployed NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (2 %, rank 37/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are inactive NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (1.5 %, rank 36/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are unemployed NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (2.2 %, rank 36/36 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The share of unemployed NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (2.1 %, rank 36/38 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of youth neither employed nor in education or training among 20-24 year-olds in Czechia is relatively small. (7.1 %, rank 35/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of youth neither employed nor in education or training among 15-29 year-olds in Czechia is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.2 %, rank 34/35 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of men neither employed nor in education among 15-29 year-olds is relatively low. (2.2 %, rank 33/34 , 2024) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of women neither employed nor in education among 15-29 year-olds is relatively low. (2.1 %, rank 32/32 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Among 20-24 year-old men in Czechia, a small share of them are neither employed nor in education or training. (3.7 %, rank 37/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    Among 25-29 year-old men in Czechia, a small share of them are neither employed nor in education or training. (5.3 %, rank 36/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 18-24 year-olds who are neither employed nor in education or training is comparatively small in Czechia. (6.2 %, rank 35/37 , 2024) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 18-24 year-old men neither employed nor in education or training is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (3.7 %, rank 37/37 , 2024) Download Indicator


    The data table will display up to six selected countries.
    General findings
    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • Tertiary attainment among young adults has reached 48% on average across the OECD, the highest level ever, but progress has slowed since 2021. Attainment remains unequal, with women generally outpacing men, and older generations showing lower rates.
    • Employment outcomes for tertiary-educated adults remain strong overall: 87% of them are employed compared to 60% of those without upper seconday. Tertiary education offers good protection against unemployment, but women and disadvantaged groups still face labour market gaps, and inactivity persists among some adults. Moreover, adults with tertiary education earn on average 54% more than those with only upper secondary education.
    • Gender pay gaps remain significant. Despite higher attainment, women with tertiary education consistently earn less than men, even when working full-time, and this gap persists across age groups (73% on average for women aged 25 to 64).
    • Fields of study strongly influence labour market outcomes. Graduates in engineering and in health and welfare fare particularly well, while women’s participation in STEM remains below parity (14% of graduates at tertiary level) despite being 58% of all tertiary graduates.
    • Internationalisation continues to expand in tertiary education. The share of international students has grown steadily, and OECD countries host a large proportion of the world’s mobile students, reinforcing their global role in higher education.
    • Sustaining tertiary education requires adequate investment. Spending per student is already at 21 021 USD and rising, and tertiary expenditure represents a notable share of GDP (1.4% on average in OECD), making efficiency and equity crucial for long-term sustainability.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Attainment | Education policies: Access and Participation  | Education policies: Finance and Funding | Education policies: Labour market outcomes | 
    
                            
    
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    • Although many countries have near universal upper secondary attainment among 25–34 year-olds, on average across the OECD 13% of younger adults still lack an upper secondary qualification.
    • NEET shares are now below pre-pandemic levels in about half of OECD and partner countries with trend data; in 8 of these 16 countries the decline exceeds 1 percentage point, while 17 countries exceed pre-pandemic benchmarks and 6 saw increases of more than 2 percentage points.
    • Employment rates rise steadily with higher tertiary attainment: short-cycle 83%, bachelor’s 86%, master’s 90%, and doctoral or equivalent 93% among 25–64 year-olds.
    • Earnings premiums also increase with qualification level: on average across the OECD, short-cycle graduates earn 17% more than those with upper secondary; the advantage is 39% for bachelor’s and 83% for master’s/doctoral graduates.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Attainment | Education policies: Labour market outcomes | 
    
                            
    
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    • Most children aged 3 to 5 are enrolled in early childhood education, with an average participation rate of 85% across the OECD. By contrast, only 29% of children under the age of 3 are enrolled.
    • Participation in early childhood education has grown over the past decade, with enrolment for children under age 3 increasing by 9 percentage points to 29%, and enrolment for ages 3 and above rising by 5 points to 85%.
    • The majority of students in vocational upper secondary education follow programmes that grant full access to tertiary education, with 76% of students enrolled in such programmes on average across the OECD.
    • Completion rates for bachelor’s programmes increase after the theoretical duration of programmes: on average, 44% of students graduate on time, compared to 69% three years after.
    • Students from Asia form the largest regional group of internationally mobile students in tertiary education, representing 58% of all foreign or international students across the OECD in 2023.
    • Only 43% of students complete a bachelor’s degree within the expected duration, though this rises to 59% with one additional year and 70% with three additional years on average across the OECD.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Access and Participation  | 
    
                            
    
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    • Governments spend on average USD 12 438 per student in primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education, and USD 15 102 per student in tertiary education including R&D.
    • Expenditure per student has risen in absolute terms since 2015, but its share in public budgets has declined, with government spending on education at almost 15% of total government expenditure on average in 2022.
    • Annual spending per student at primary and secondary levels varies widely across OECD countries, from under USD 3 000 in some systems to over USD 25 000 in the most highly funded ones.
    • Tertiary education continues to expand, placing pressure on public budgets. Private sources represent a larger share of total funding at the tertiary level than at any other level of education.
    • Spending per student differs markedly between public and private institutions, with expenditure in public tertiary institutions exceeding USD 33 000 in some countries, compared to less than USD 10 000 in others.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Finance and Funding | 
    
                            
    
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    • Students in OECD countries receive an average of 7 604 hours of compulsory instruction during primary and lower secondary education, with total hours ranging widely across education systems.
    • Compulsory instruction time averages 804 hours per year for primary students and 909 hours for lower secondary students, a difference of about 105 hours annually.
    • The ratio of children to teachers in pre-primary education has fallen across most OECD countries, decreasing from an average of 15 children per teacher in 2013 to 13 in 2023.
    • Teachers’ statutory salaries increase with the level of education taught. On average, teachers with 15 years of experience earn USD 55 725 at pre-primary level and USD 63 925 at upper secondary level.
    • Teachers’ actual salaries are 83–91% of the earnings of similarly educated tertiary-educated workers, while school heads usually earn more than tertiary-educated workers on average across OECD countries.
    • The ratio of students to academic staff is lower in public than in private institutions, averaging about 14 students per staff member in public tertiary institutions compared to 18 in private ones.
    • Nearly half of OECD and partner countries operate non-selective admission systems for first degrees, providing broad access to tertiary education, while entrance exams and centralised systems are also common.
    • The salaries of academic staff in tertiary education vary by seniority. On average, junior staff earn about 62 000 USD, while senior staff earn about 108 000 USD.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Teachers | Education policies: Teachers | OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS)  | 
    
                            
    
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            Diagram of funding flows - Czechia
            
    
            
    
        
    


        
		
    
            
    
			Click on the coverpage to see the full OECD iLibrary version
			
    
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            Country Reviews for Czechia
            
    
            
    
			
    
        
    
		
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
        
    
            Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced by countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple
            most- or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in education must be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities, 
			such as loans and grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey more and better content to students, but may hinder investments in other important
            areas. If you want further information on the nature of different variables, please take the time to read the analysis and contextual information, available at the website
            for each publication.
    
            All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: https://www.oecd.org/en/about/members-partners.html
            

    
			Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some 
			countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2026 for school year 2025/2026.
			

    
	    *TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. 
		This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages.
		Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and 
		Annex 3 
		of EAG 2024 for more details about the data collections.
            

    
            For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.