Search for specific education indicators by country, theme or level of education and compare the results using interactive charts and tables.
Base Theme
| Education at a Glance 2023 (EAG 2023): Highlights |
| EAG 2023, Chapter A: The output of educational institutions and the impact of learning |
| EAG 2023, Chapter B: Access to education, participation and progression |
| EAG 2023, Chapter C: Financial resources invested in education |
| EAG 2023, Chapter D: Teachers, learning environment and organisation of schools |
| TALIS 2018: Highlight indicators |
| TALIS 2018 (Volume I): Teachers and School Leaders as Lifelong Learners |
| TALIS 2018 (Volume II): Teachers and School Leaders as Valued Professionals |
| TALIS 2018 (results for primary and upper secondary) |
| TALIS 2018: Starting Strong Survey |
| PISA 2018: Highlight indicators |
| PISA 2018 Results (Volume II): Where All Students Can Succeed |
| PISA 2018 Results (Volume III): What School Life Means for Students' Lives |
| PISA 2018 Results (Volume IV): Are Students Smart About Money? |
| PISA 2018 Results (Volume V): Effective Policies, Successful Schools |
| PISA 2018 Results (Volume VI): Are Students Ready to Thrive in an Interconnected World? |
| PISA 2018: Are Students Ready To Take On Environmental Challenges? |
| Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC): Full selection of indicators |
| Skills |
| Low performers |
| Computers, education & skills |
| Access & participation |
| Student mobility |
| Education attainment |
| Education system & governance |
| Financing education |
| Learning environment |
| Students' well-being |
| Equity |
| Gender |
| Digital divide |
| Special needs |
| Socio-economic status |
| Migrant background |
| Economic & social outcomes |
| Teachers & educators |
| Education leadership |
| Evaluation & quality assurance |
| Future of education and skills |
| Research & innovation |
| Early childhood education & care |
| Vocational education & training (VET) |
| Tertiary education |
Filters
Level
| Not in education |
| Early childhood education and care |
| Non-educational programmes (early childhood) |
| Pre-primary |
| Pre-primary and primary |
| Early childhood and primary |
| Pre-primary to tertiary education |
| Primary |
| Primary and lower secondary |
| Primary and secondary |
| Primary to tertiary |
| Primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education |
| Lower secondary |
| Lower secondary, general |
| Lower secondary, vocational |
| Below upper secondary |
| Lower secondary to post-secondary non-tertiary, general programmes |
| Lower secondary to post-secondary non-tertiary, vocational programmes |
| Upper secondary |
| Upper secondary, general |
| Upper secondary general education, sufficient for partial level completion, without direct access to tertiary education |
| Upper secondary general education, sufficient for level completion, without direct access to tertiary education |
| Upper secondary general education, sufficient for level completion, with direct access to tertiary education |
| Upper secondary, vocational |
| Upper secondary vocational education, sufficient for partial level completion, without direct access to tertiary education |
| Upper secondary vocational education, sufficient for level completion, without direct access to tertiary education |
| Upper secondary vocational education, sufficient for level completion, with direct access to tertiary education |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, general |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, vocational |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, orientation not specified |
| Upper secondary vocational education, school and work-based programmes |
| At least upper secondary |
| Secondary |
| Secondary, general |
| Secondary, vocational |
| Post-secondary non-tertiary |
| Post-secondary non-tertiary, general |
| Post-secondary non-tertiary, vocational |
| Post-secondary non-tertiary vocational education, sufficient for level completion, without direct access to tertiary education |
| Post-secondary non-tertiary vocational education, sufficient for level completion, with direct access to tertiary education |
| Short-cycle tertiary education |
| Short-cycle tertiary education, general |
| Short-cycle tertiary education, vocational |
| Bachelor's or equivalent level |
| Bachelor's or equivalent level, academic |
| Bachelor's or equivalent level, professional |
| Short-cycle tertiary and Bachelor's |
| Bachelor's and Master's or equivalent levels |
| Total tertiary excluding doctoral level |
| Bachelor's to doctorate |
| Master's or equivalent level |
| Master’s or equivalent academic level, long first degree |
| Master's or equivalent level, academic |
| Master's or equivalent level, professional |
| Master's to doctorate |
| Doctoral or equivalent level |
| Total tertiary |
| Lower secondary to tertiary, general programmes |
| Lower secondary to tertiary, vocational programmes |
| Total tertiary education, academic programmes |
| Total tertiary education, professional programmes |
| All levels of education |
| All levels of education + not allocated by level |
| Not allocated by level of education |
| Master's long first degree (LFD) degree |
Age Group
| Early childhood |
| Basic school ages |
| Compulsory school ages |
| 15 year-olds |
| 15-19 year-olds |
| Youths |
| Young adults |
| Adults |
| All ages and age unknown |
Refine the indicator selection after selecting a base theme.
PISA 2018 Results (Volume V): Effective Policies, Successful Schools
How policies and practices are related to grouping and selecting students, resources invested in education, the governance of education systems, and how evaluations and assessments are associated with performance, equity in students' learning outcomes and student well-being?
The fifth volume of PISA 2018 Results describes the policies and practices used in the education systems of the 79 countries/economies that participated in PISA 2018. Trends in school organisation are analysed to understand how schools and school systems have changed during the past decade, and whether and how these changes are related to changes in performance and equity in students' learning outcomes.
On average across OECD countries, 6% of students had not attended or had attended pre-primary education for less than one year. These students scored lower in reading at the age of 15 than students who had attended for between one and three years, before and after accounting for students' and schools' socio-economic profile. A socio-economically disadvantaged 15-year-old student was about three times more likely than an advantaged student, on average across OECD countries, to have repeated a grade at least once, even if both students scored the same in the PISA reading test. On average across OECD countries, students in schools that group students by ability in their classes for all subjects scored eight points lower in reading than students in schools that do not group students in this way, after accounting for students' and schools' socio-economic profile. After accounting for students' and schools' socio-economic profile, students in public schools scored higher in reading than students in private schools, on average across OECD countries (by 14 score points) and in 19 education systems (ranging from 13 score points higher in Indonesia to 117 points higher in Serbia). Some 28% of students were enrolled in schools whose principal reported that learning is hindered by a lack of teaching staff, and 33% were enrolled in schools whose principal reported that learning is hindered by a lack of assisting staff, on average across OECD countries. Students attending schools whose principal reported fewer shortages of material resources scored higher in reading, on average across OECD countries and in 12 countries and economies, after accounting for students' and schools' socio-economic profile. At the system level, more shortages of educational materials were correlated with lower mean performance in reading, even after accounting for per capita GDP, across OECD countries, and across participating countries and economies in PISA 2018.
| PISA 2018 | PISA 2018 Results (Volume V): Effective Policies, Successful Schools | PISA 2018 Assessment and Analytical Framework | PISA Glossary | PISA Database | Education policies: Organisation and Governance |
Select first some countries to compare, choose the chart you wish to display and customise them.
Browser View
Select OECD Countries
| Australia |
| Austria |
| Belgium |
| Belgium (Flanders) |
| Belgium (French) |
| Belgium (excl. Flemish) |
| Canada |
| Alberta (Canada) |
| Canadian provinces |
| Chile |
| Colombia |
| Costa Rica |
| Czech Republic |
| Denmark |
| Estonia |
| Finland |
| France |
| Germany |
| Greece |
| Hungary |
| Iceland |
| Ireland |
| Israel |
| Italy |
| Japan |
| Korea |
| Latvia |
| Lithuania |
| Luxembourg |
| Mexico |
| Netherlands |
| New Zealand |
| Norway |
| Poland |
| Portugal |
| Slovak Republic |
| Slovenia |
| Spain |
| Sweden |
| Switzerland |
| Türkiye |
| United Kingdom |
| England (UK) |
| Northern Ireland (UK) |
| United States |
| OECD average |
Non-OECD Countries
| G20 average |
| TALIS average |
| TALIS avg. primary education |
| TALIS avg. upper secondary education |
| Albania |
| Algeria |
| Argentina |
| Buenos Aires (Argentina) |
| Azerbaijan |
| Baku (Azerbaijan) |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Brazil |
| Brunei Darussalam |
| Bulgaria |
| China |
| B-S-J-Z (China) |
| Hong Kong (China) |
| Macao (China) |
| Shanghai (China) |
| Chinese Taipei |
| Croatia |
| Dominican Republic |
| Ecuador |
| Egypt |
| Georgia |
| India |
| Indonesia |
| Jordan |
| Kazakhstan |
| Kyrgyz Republic |
| Kosovo |
| Lebanon |
| North Macedonia |
| Malaysia |
| Malta |
| Moldova |
| Montenegro |
| Morocco |
| Panama |
| Peru |
| Philippines |
| Qatar |
| Romania |
| Saudi Arabia |
| Serbia |
| Singapore |
| South Africa |
| Tajikistan |
| Thailand |
| Trinidad and Tobago |
| Tunisia |
| United Arab Emirates |
| Abu Dhabi (UAE) |
| Ukraine |
| Uruguay |
| Viet Nam |
The data table will display up to four selected countries (unselect the OECD average to have one more).
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for more indicators:Country Profile quick links
Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced
by countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple
most- or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in
education must be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities,
such as loans and grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey
more and better content to students, but may hinder investments in other important
areas. If you want further information on the nature of different variables, please
take the time to read the analysis and contextual information, available at the website
for each publication.
The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/
Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2018 for school year 2017/2018.
*TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS average. Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and Annex 3 of EAG 2021 for more details about the data collections.
B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the People's Republic of China: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory text.
The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/
Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2018 for school year 2017/2018.
*TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS average. Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and Annex 3 of EAG 2021 for more details about the data collections.
B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the People's Republic of China: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory text.