Search for specific education indicators by country, theme or level of education and compare the results using interactive charts and tables.
Base Theme
| Education at a Glance 2022 (EAG 2022): Highlights |
| EAG 2022, Chapter A: The output of educational institutions and the impact of learning |
| EAG 2022, Chapter B: Access to education, participation and progression |
| EAG 2022, Chapter C: Financial resources invested in education |
| EAG 2022, Chapter D: Teachers, learning environment and organisation of schools |
| TALIS 2018: Highlight indicators |
| TALIS 2018 (Volume I): Teachers and School Leaders as Lifelong Learners |
| TALIS 2018 (Volume II): Teachers and School Leaders as Valued Professionals |
| TALIS 2018 (results for primary and upper secondary) |
| TALIS 2018: Starting Strong Survey |
| PISA 2018: Highlight indicators |
| PISA 2018 Results (Volume II): Where All Students Can Succeed |
| PISA 2018 Results (Volume III): What School Life Means for Students' Lives |
| PISA 2018 Results (Volume IV): Are Students Smart About Money? |
| PISA 2018 Results (Volume V): Effective Policies, Successful Schools |
| PISA 2018 Results (Volume VI): Are Students Ready to Thrive in an Interconnected World? |
| PISA 2018: Are Students Ready To Take On Environmental Challenges? |
| Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC): Full selection of indicators |
| Access & Participation |
| Organisation & Governance |
| Finance & Funding |
| Learning environment |
| Students' Well-Being |
| Teachers |
| School leadership |
| Evaluation & Quality assurance |
| Equity |
| Gender |
| Digital divide |
| Special needs |
| Socio-economic status |
| Migrant background |
| Economic & Social outcomes |
| Internationalisation |
| Research & Innovation |
| Trends shaping education |
| Attainment |
| Skills |
| Low performers |
| Computers, education & skills |
| Early childhood education & care |
| Vocational education & training (VET) |
| Tertiary education |
Filters
Level
| Not in education |
| Early childhood education and care |
| Non-educational programmes (early childhood) |
| Pre-primary |
| Pre-primary and primary |
| Early childhood and primary |
| Pre-primary to tertiary education |
| Primary |
| Primary and lower secondary |
| Primary and secondary |
| Primary to tertiary |
| Primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education |
| Lower secondary |
| Lower secondary, general |
| Lower secondary, vocational |
| Below upper secondary |
| Lower secondary to post-secondary non-tertiary, general programmes |
| Lower secondary to post-secondary non-tertiary, vocational programmes |
| Upper secondary |
| Upper secondary, general |
| Upper secondary, vocational |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, general |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, vocational |
| Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, orientation not specified |
| At least upper secondary |
| Secondary |
| Secondary, general |
| Secondary, vocational |
| Post-secondary non-tertiary |
| Post-secondary non-tertiary, general |
| Post-secondary non-tertiary, vocational |
| Short-cycle tertiary education |
| Short-cycle tertiary education, general |
| Short-cycle tertiary education, vocational |
| Bachelor's or equivalent level |
| Bachelor's or equivalent level, academic |
| Bachelor's or equivalent level, professional |
| Short-cycle tertiary and Bachelor's |
| Bachelor's and Master's or equivalent levels |
| Total tertiary excluding doctoral level |
| Bachelor's to doctorate |
| Master's or equivalent level |
| Master’s or equivalent academic level, long first degree |
| Master's or equivalent level, academic |
| Master's or equivalent level, professional |
| Master's to doctorate |
| Doctoral or equivalent level |
| Total tertiary |
| Lower secondary to tertiary, general programmes |
| Lower secondary to tertiary, vocational programmes |
| Total tertiary education, academic programmes |
| Total tertiary education, professional programmes |
| All levels of education |
| All levels of education + not allocated by level |
| Not allocated by level of education |
| Tertiary-type B |
| Tertiary-type A |
| Tertiary-type A and advanced research programmes |
Age Group
| Early childhood |
| Basic school ages |
| Compulsory school ages |
| 15 year-olds |
| 15-19 year-olds |
| Youths |
| Young adults |
| Adults |
| All ages and age unknown |
Refine the indicator selection after selecting a base theme.
Research & Innovation
International scientific collaboration is rising across OECD countries as global networks of researchers become increasingly important. Educators need to be aware of the advances skills their students will need to flourish in more knowledge-intensive and international labour markets. There is 0.77 computer per student in school on average across OECD countries, 96% of which are connected to the Internet. In Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Iceland, Macao, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States, there is at least one computer available per student, and at least 95% of them are connected to the Internet. By contrast, in Albania, Algeria, Indonesia, Kosovo and Tunisia, there is less than one computer per every five students, and less than 70% of them are connected. Innovative pedagogies are primordial for teacher professionalism. Innovation at the level of practice is a normal response to addressing the daily challenges of the constantly changing classroom. Thus, innovation becomes a problem-solving process rooted in teachers' professionalism. Governments can actively promote and sustain a culture of systemic innovation that can be thought of as a knowledge-based systemic innovation ecosystem by focussing on the various enabling factors specific to their national or regional context. On average, in 2016, OECD countries spent just over a third of their annual expenditure per tertiary student on R&D. Yet, when excluding R&D activities, expenditure per student on core educational services at the tertiary level is still, on average, 3% higher than at the primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary levels. The first source of innovation is scientific knowledge, which needs to be combined effectively with technology and applications in order to stimulate industrial innovation. In education experimental science has made limited impact. The second source of innovation is generated by the involvement of "users and doers". In education there are obvious benefits of teachers pooling their knowledge through networks, but incentives to do so remain underdeveloped. Lower secondary school teachers ranked their professional development needs and cited teaching students with special needs first, followed by using ICT for teaching and using new technologies in the workplace. Thirdly, relationships between decentralised units authorised to innovate and a whole co-ordinated system help determine the scope for rapid and effective innovation. Education systems are highly complex, but there are various obstacles to decentralised innovation, and so far the rules of this game tend to have been controlled from the centre.
| Education policies: Research and Innovation in education | Education at a Glance 2022 (EAG 2022): OECD Indicators | Education at a Glance 2019 (EAG 2019): OECD Indicators | Annexes from Education at a Glance | PISA 2018 | TALIS 2013 Results | Teachers as Designers of Learning Environements: The Importance of Innovative Pedagogies | Trends shaping Education 2019 | Working Out Change; Systemic Innovation in Vocational Education and Training, Educational Research and Innovation | Innovation in the Knowledge Economy: Implications for Education and Learning, Knowledge management | Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) |
Select first some countries to compare, choose the chart you wish to display and customise them.
Browser View
Select OECD Countries
| Australia |
| Austria |
| Belgium |
| Belgium (Flanders) |
| Belgium (French) |
| Belgium (excl. Flemish) |
| Canada |
| Alberta (Canada) |
| Canadian provinces |
| Chile |
| Colombia |
| Costa Rica |
| Czech Republic |
| Denmark |
| Estonia |
| Finland |
| France |
| Germany |
| Greece |
| Hungary |
| Iceland |
| Ireland |
| Israel |
| Italy |
| Japan |
| Korea |
| Latvia |
| Lithuania |
| Luxembourg |
| Mexico |
| Netherlands |
| New Zealand |
| Norway |
| Poland |
| Portugal |
| Slovak Republic |
| Slovenia |
| Spain |
| Sweden |
| Switzerland |
| Türkiye |
| United Kingdom |
| England (UK) |
| Northern Ireland (UK) |
| United States |
| OECD average |
Non-OECD Countries
| G20 average |
| TALIS average |
| TALIS avg. primary education |
| TALIS avg. upper secondary education |
| Albania |
| Algeria |
| Argentina |
| Buenos Aires (Argentina) |
| Azerbaijan |
| Baku (Azerbaijan) |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Brazil |
| Brunei Darussalam |
| Bulgaria |
| China |
| B-S-J-Z (China) |
| Hong Kong (China) |
| Macao (China) |
| Shanghai (China) |
| Chinese Taipei |
| Croatia |
| Dominican Republic |
| Ecuador |
| Egypt |
| Georgia |
| India |
| Indonesia |
| Jordan |
| Kazakhstan |
| Kyrgyz Republic |
| Kosovo |
| Lebanon |
| North Macedonia |
| Malaysia |
| Malta |
| Moldova |
| Montenegro |
| Morocco |
| Panama |
| Peru |
| Philippines |
| Qatar |
| Romania |
| Saudi Arabia |
| Serbia |
| Singapore |
| South Africa |
| Tajikistan |
| Thailand |
| Trinidad and Tobago |
| Tunisia |
| United Arab Emirates |
| Abu Dhabi (UAE) |
| Ukraine |
| Uruguay |
| Viet Nam |
The data table will display up to four selected countries (unselect the OECD average to have one more).
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Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced
by countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple
most- or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in
education must be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities,
such as loans and grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey
more and better content to students, but may hinder investments in other important
areas. If you want further information on the nature of different variables, please
take the time to read the analysis and contextual information, available at the website
for each publication.
The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/
Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Some countries may have provided data refering to another year, to know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2018 for school year 2017/2018.
*TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS average. Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and Annex 3 of EAG 2021 for more details about the data collections.
B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the People's Republic of China: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory text.
The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/
Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Some countries may have provided data refering to another year, to know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2018 for school year 2017/2018.
*TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS average. Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and Annex 3 of EAG 2021 for more details about the data collections.
B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the People's Republic of China: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory text.