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Türkiye
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Türkiye
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024)
  • Adults without upper secondary qualification are at considerable risk of poor social and labour-market outcomes throughout their lives. Reducing the share of young adults without an upper secondary qualification has been a priority in Türkiye. Their share of 25-34 year-olds without upper secondary educational attainment decreased by 15 percentage points between 2016 and 2023. At 30%, it is 16 percentage points above the OECD average in 2023. Parents' education has a strong impact on the educational attainment of their children. In Türkiye, 81% of 25-64 year-olds who have at least one parent with tertiary attainment also attained a tertiary qualification. In contrast, only 18% of 25-64 year-olds with parents without an upper secondary qualification have obtained a tertiary qualification themselves.
  • Childcare and parental leave policies vary considerably between countries. In eight OECD countries, there is no childcare gap as free early childhood education or compulsory education starts immediately following the end of paid parental leave. In contrast, Türkiye has a childcare gap of 3 years between the end of paid parental leave and the start of free early childhood education.
  • The average annual expenditure per student from primary to tertiary education in Türkiye is USD 5 425 compared to an average of USD 14 209 in OECD countries. In Türkiye, spending per student is USD 4 038 in primary education, USD 4 305 in secondary education and USD 10 657 in tertiary education.
  • Across the OECD, 18 out of 21 countries with available data on secondary education report that they face shortages of fully qualified teachers at the start of academic year 2022/2023. Türkiye was one of the few exceptions (together with Greece and Korea) to report no teacher shortages.
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    The following list displays indicators for which your selected country shows the highest and lowest values among countries. The list can be sorted by level of education or by age group. All rankings are calculated including available data from OECD and partner countries. Find out more about the methodology here.

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    Attainment

    The level of upper secondary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (48.5 %, rank 41/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (70 %, rank 41/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (26.4 %, rank 43/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (30 %, rank 5/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (27.4 %, rank 43/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (51.5 %, rank 6/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (22.6 %, rank 43/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The level of tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (25.9 %, rank 38/47 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The level of tertiary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (10.9 %, rank 44/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary qualification is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9.3 %, rank 33/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Türkiye has one of the highest percentages of 25-64 year-old adults with less than primary education. (4.2 %, rank 7/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Türkiye has one of the lowest percentages of 25-64 year-olds whose highest education level is a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree. (2.1 %, rank 37/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who attained a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (0.5 %, rank 30/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (73.6 %, rank 3/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (15.5 %, rank 43/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-olds who have attained a vocational degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11.6 %, rank 30/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The level of short-cycle tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (12.8 %, rank 7/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 26/32 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (2.7 %, rank 35/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Attainment by gender

    The proportion of 25-64 year-old women who have attained a general degree at the tertiary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (25.8 %, rank 40/47 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-old men who have attained a vocational degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11.3 %, rank 31/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-old women who have attained a vocational degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.2 %, rank 32/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-old men who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (51.5 %, rank 41/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-old men who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (70.6 %, rank 38/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 35-44 year-old men who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (56.5 %, rank 41/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 45-54 year-old men who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (39.4 %, rank 41/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 55-64 year-old men who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (30.8 %, rank 43/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-old women who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (45.4 %, rank 42/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-old women who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (69.5 %, rank 41/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 35-44 year-old women who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (48.2 %, rank 42/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 45-54 year-old women who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (29.6 %, rank 44/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 55-64 year-old women who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (21.3 %, rank 43/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 55-64 year-old men who have attained tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (12.9 %, rank 42/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 35-44 year-old women who have attained tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (25.9 %, rank 43/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 45-54 year-old women who have attained tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (13.4 %, rank 44/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 55-64 year-old women who have attained tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.4 %, rank 44/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Türkiye has one of the smallest shares of 25-64 year-old men whose highest education level is a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree. (2 %, rank 37/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old women who attained a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (0.4 %, rank 32/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (29.4 %, rank 8/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old women who attained below upper secondary education in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (30.5 %, rank 5/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (48.5 %, rank 6/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old women who attained below upper secondary education in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (54.6 %, rank 5/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old men who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (31.1 %, rank 40/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old women who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (23.5 %, rank 40/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old men who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (25.5 %, rank 41/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old women who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19.6 %, rank 44/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 55-64 year-old men who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (17.8 %, rank 42/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 55-64 year-old women who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (12.9 %, rank 43/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Türkiye has one of the smallest share of women among 55-64 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education. (34.4 %, rank 35/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of 25-34 year-old women who have attained a short cycle tertiary degree is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data (13.6 %, rank 7/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of 25-34 year-old men who have attained a short cycle tertiary degree is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data (12 %, rank 6/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Türkiye is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (9.4 %, rank 30/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Türkiye is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (13.6 %, rank 28/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 55-64 years-old women with at least a bachelor's or equivalent degree in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data (5.9 %, rank 44/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Entrance

    The share of new entrants younger than 25 in bachelor's or equivalent programmes is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (71.8 %, rank 37/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women among tertiary education new entrants is one of the smallest compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (53.2 %, rank 29/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of first-time entrants into tertiary education younger than 25 is relatively low. (68.1 %, rank 31/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average age of new entrants in tertiary education in Türkiye is comparatively old. (24.5 Years, rank 4/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The proportion of women among the new entrants in master's programmes in Türkiye is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (47.9 %, rank 39/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of first-time entrants in bachelor's programmes is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (45.1 %, rank 32/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of first-time entrants in master's programmes is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (2.7 %, rank 20/23 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Entrance by field of education and gender

    The share of female who enter tertiary education in the field of education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (62.5 %, rank 39/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of female who enter tertiary education in the field of arts and humanities is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (57.6 %, rank 36/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of female who enter tertiary education in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (50.7 %, rank 38/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in the field of education is relatively small. (57.4 %, rank 33/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye,the share of male among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in the field of natural sciences, mathematics ans statistics is relatively small. (42.9 %, rank 32/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of male among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in the field of information and communication technologies is relatively small. (61.6 %, rank 34/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye,the share of male among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is relatively small. (61.3 %, rank 36/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of male among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in the field of health and welfare is relatively small. (28.2 %, rank 34/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (63.3 %, rank 38/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in education in Türkiye is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (60.3 %, rank 38/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in health and welfare in Türkiye is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (58.7 %, rank 37/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of female students entering short cycle tertiaryprogrammes in natural sciences, mathematics and statistics in Türkiye is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (39.1 %, rank 19/23 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of information and communication technologies is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (67.8 %, rank 39/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of male students entering doctoral or equivalent programmes in Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in Türkiye is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (55 %, rank 32/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of female in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (45.5 %, rank 21/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Participation in education

    The enrolment rate of 6-14 year-olds in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among 15-19 year-olds in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (72.5 %, rank 37/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of three-year-olds in early childhood education in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11.3 %, rank 38/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of four-year-olds in early childhood and primary education in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (32.9 %, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students in public tertiary educational institutions is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (91.8 %, rank 8/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 3-5 year-old children in early childhood and primary education in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (48.6 %, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the enrolment rate of children under 3 is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.8 %, rank 36/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of students enrolled in programmes providing full completion and access to tertiary education among all students enrolled in upper secondary vocational programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (99.5 %, rank 9/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of students aged 18 tertiary programmes in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.4 %, rank 10/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of students aged 19 tertiary programmes in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (14.5 %, rank 5/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of students aged 20 in general upper secondary programmes in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.8 %, rank 10/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of students aged 20 tertiary programmes in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19.3 %, rank 1/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of students enrolled in private institutions at early childhood educational and development level is comparatively high. (100 %, rank 1/25 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average age of upper secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes in Türkiye is relatively low compared to the other countries. (17.1 %, rank 35/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of upper secondary students enrolled in programmes giving full level completion without access to tertiary education in Türkiye is relatively low compared to the other countries. (0.5 %, rank 27/27 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, upper secondary vocational students among all vocational students are relatively less numerous than in other OECD or partner countries. (43 %, rank 32/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of vocational students as a share of short-cycle tertiary students is among the largest in all OECD and partner countries. (100 %, rank 1/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Short-cycle tertiary students represent a large share of all vocational students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (57 %, rank 4/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in short-cycle tertiary programmes in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4 %, rank 8/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of two-year-olds in early childhood education in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.1 %, rank 36/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 20-24 in upper secondary general programmes in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.5 %, rank 6/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 20-24 in short-cycle tertiary programmes in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (15.7 %, rank 1/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of three-year-olds in pre-primary education in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11.3 %, rank 38/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of four-year-olds in pre-primary in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (32.9 %, rank 42/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of four-year-olds in primary education in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 7/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of five-year-olds in ECEC in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (97.5 %, rank 8/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of five-year-olds in pre-primary education in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (97.5 %, rank 9/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of six-year-olds in ECEC in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 34/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of six-year-olds in pre-primary education in Türkiye is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 37/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Graduation

    The average age of graduates from general programmes at the upper secondary level in Türkiye is comparatively high. (23.3 Years, rank 1/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average age of graduates from vocational programmes at the upper secondary level in Türkiye is comparatively low. (18.1 Years, rank 35/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of first-time doctorate graduates younger than 35 is relatively low. (37.4 %, rank 32/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of long first degree master's graduates in public institutions is relatively low in Türkiye. (88.9 %, rank 17/25 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of first-time bachelor's graduates is relatively low in Türkiye. (55.7 %, rank 31/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of first-time master's graduates is relatively low in Türkiye. (3 %, rank 21/25 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average age of bachelor's or equivalent graduates in Türkiye is among the oldest. (27 Years, rank 7/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average age of master's or equivalent graduates in Türkiye is among the youngest. (25.3 Years, rank 18/24 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Graduation by gender

    Among OECD and partner countries with available data, Türkiye has one of the smallest shares of women graduates from tertiary programmes. (51.2 %, rank 33/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female first-time bachelor's graduates is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (50.6 %, rank 32/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female first-time master's graduates is relatively smallest, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (51.4 %, rank 22/24 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of arts and humanities is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11 %, rank 8/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.6 %, rank 37/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of information and communication technologies is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.6 %, rank 39/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of health and welfare is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (22.5 %, rank 3/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of doctoral graduates in the field of arts and humaties in Türkiye is relatively large. (16.8 %, rank 4/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of doctoral graduates in the field of business, administration and law in Türkiye is relatively large. (14.1 %, rank 4/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of doctoral graduates in the field of Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics in Türkiye is relatively small. (12.6 %, rank 37/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of doctoral graduates in the field of information and communication technologies in Türkiye is relatively small. (0.7 %, rank 37/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of doctoral graduates in the field of health and welfare in Türkiye is relatively small. (11.7 %, rank 33/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of upper secondary vocational graduates in the field of business, aministration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.9 %, rank 32/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of upper secondary vocational graduates in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19.6 %, rank 30/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of upper secondary vocational graduates in the field of services is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7 %, rank 32/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of arts and humanities is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (41.4 %, rank 1/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.9 %, rank 34/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of STEM is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (28.4 %, rank 29/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of services is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7 %, rank 32/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of short-cycle tertiary vocational graduates in the field of health and welfare is relatively high compared to other OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (31.6 %, rank 5/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent graduates in the field of arts and humanities is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (13.5 %, rank 6/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.4 %, rank 41/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education and gender

    The proportion of female tertiary graduates in education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (6.7 %, rank 39/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female doctoral graduates in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is relatively high. (45.6 %, rank 3/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female tertiary graduates in the field of sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.5 %, rank 4/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of male tertiary graduates in the field of arts and humanities is relatively large. (10.9 %, rank 6/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of male tertiary graduates in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is relatively large. (9.2 %, rank 10/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics is relatively low in Türkiye. (18.5 %, rank 42/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of health and welfare is relatively high in Türkiye. (23.4 %, rank 1/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of female graduates from upper secondary vocational programmes in the field of business, administration and law is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries. (45.9 %, rank 39/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of female graduates from upper secondary vocational programmes in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries. (5.5 %, rank 38/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in all fields is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (51 %, rank 39/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the field of education is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (51 %, rank 42/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of arts and humanities is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (51 %, rank 42/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (51.1 %, rank 41/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of business, administration and law is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (52.2 %, rank 33/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (48.4 %, rank 35/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (51 %, rank 1/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of information and communication technologies is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (53.3 %, rank 1/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (51.1 %, rank 1/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of health and welfare is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (49 %, rank 42/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Fields of education

    In Türkiye, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of education is relatively low. (4.4 %, rank 35/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is relatively low. (2.4 %, rank 37/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of education among all national tertiary students in Türkiye is relatively low. (3.6 %, rank 34/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics among all national tertiary students in Türkiye is relatively low. (2 %, rank 35/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of information and communication technologies among all national tertiary students in Türkiye is relatively low. (3 %, rank 36/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of engineering, manunfacturing and construction among all national tertiary students in Türkiye is relatively low. (8.5 %, rank 34/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of arts and humanities is relatively high, compared to other countries with available data. (16.1 %, rank 4/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of business, administration and law is relatively high, compared to other countries with available data. (12.1 %, rank 10/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is relatively high, compared to other countries with available data. (21.6 %, rank 5/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of information and communication technologies is relatively low, compared to other countries with available data. (0.8 %, rank 34/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is relatively low. (12 %, rank 29/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of new entrants in natural sciences, mathematics and statistics bachelor's programmes is relatively low, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.9 %, rank 36/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of new entrants in Information and communication technologies bachelor's programmes is relatively low, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.1 %, rank 35/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of new entrants in Information and communication tecnologies master's programmes is one of the lowest, compared to other countries with available data. (1.7 %, rank 33/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of new entrants in Science, technology, engineering and mathematics bachelor's programmes is relatively low in Türkiye among countries with available data. (20.6 %, rank 36/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Student mobility

    Türkiye has a small share of international students graduate from tertiary programmes compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (1.4 %, rank 30/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Türkiye has one of the smallest proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in tertiary education among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.9 %, rank 38/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of worldwide foreign and international students is one of the large among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.2 %, rank 7/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of national tertiary students enrolled abroad in Türkiye is relatively low. (0.6 %, rank 39/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the number of international or foreign students per national student abroad is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5 Students, rank 8/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of international and foreign students enrolled in doctoral or equivalent programmes is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9.7 %, rank 32/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, international or foreign students from North America are least represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.3 %, rank 41/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, international or foreign students from Latin America and the Caribbean are least represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 39/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, international or foreign students from Asia are most represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (74.1 %, rank 6/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, international or foreign students from Europe are least represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (5 %, rank 35/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, international or foreign students from Oceania are least represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 39/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, international or foreign students from Africa are highest represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (19.7 %, rank 6/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of international graduates among bachelor's first-time graduates is relatively low. (1.9 %, rank 30/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of international graduates among first-time master's graduates is relatively low. (6.7 %, rank 27/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of international graduates among first-time doctorate graduates is relatively low. (7.3 %, rank 27/31 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The proportion of international students among the new entrants in master's programmes in Türkiye is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (8.4 %, rank 29/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1 %, rank 26/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the number of international or foreign students for every hundred national students home or abroad is comparatively low . (3 Students, rank 35/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of international or foreign students coming from neighbouring countries is comparatively high . (51 Students, rank 8/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in doctoral or equivalent programmes among women is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (6.7 %, rank 34/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in tertiary education among women is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (2.2 %, rank 38/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    (2.3 %, rank 40/46 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Student mobility by field of education

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of social sciences, journalism and information among all international or foreign tertiary students in Türkiye is relatively high. (13.6 %, rank 7/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of information and communication technologies among all international or foreign tertiary students in Türkiye is relatively low. (3 %, rank 36/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of engineering, manunfacturing and construction among all international or foreign tertiary students in Türkiye is relatively high. (22.8 %, rank 4/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of international and foreign students among all students in the field of arts and humanities is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.7 %, rank 36/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of international and foreign students among all students in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.1 %, rank 36/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of international and foreign students among all students in the field of business, administration and law is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.6 %, rank 36/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of international and foreign students among all students in the field of services is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.5 %, rank 34/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of international doctoral graduates in the field of arts and humanities is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (16.6 %, rank 8/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of international doctoral graduates in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (13.5 %, rank 9/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of international doctoral graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (12 %, rank 7/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of international doctoral graduates in the field of Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (13.8 %, rank 29/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of international doctoral graduates in the field of Information and communication technologies is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.6 %, rank 32/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of international doctoral graduates in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (29.2 %, rank 7/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of students enrolled in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics among tertiary students is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (13.4 %, rank 36/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student

    Annual expenditure per tertiary student is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (10657 USD Equivalent, rank 35/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per student from primary to tertiary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5425 USD Equivalent, rank 35/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per primary student is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4038 USD Equivalent, rank 34/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per secondary student is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4305 USD Equivalent, rank 33/34 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per tertiary student is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4806 USD Equivalent, rank 31/32 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per student on research and development in tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3305 USD Equivalent, rank 27/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student on research and development for primary to tertiary education in Türkiye is comparatively low. (619 USD Equivalent, rank 28/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the annual expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student in primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education, is relatively low. (4219 USD Equivalent, rank 35/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per full-time equivalent student in primary to tertiary education is one the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5397 USD Equivalent, rank 35/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, public expenditure from initial source of funds on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education per student is relatively low. (3296 USD Equivalent, rank 37/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Türkiye has a total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student (primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education) comparatively low. (4197 USD Equivalent 2015, rank 35/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The public expenditure on public educational institutions per full-time equivalent student from primary to tertiary education is relatively lowest in Türkiye. (4309 USD Equivalent, rank 37/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure on primary to tertiary education in Türkiye is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9247 USD Equivalent, rank 32/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the total annual expenditure per full-time equivalent student on tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (10601 USD Equivalent 2015, rank 32/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The total annual expenditure per full-time equivalent student on upper secondary general education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3424 USD Equivalent, rank 27/28 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The total annual expenditure per full-time equivalent student on upper secondary vocational education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6308 USD Equivalent, rank 26/28 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Expenditure in education and national wealth

    In Türkiye, expenditure on primary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively low. (0.8 %, rank 31/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, public and private expenditure on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively low. (2.7 %, rank 30/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, public expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively low. (2 %, rank 39/41 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, private expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (0.6 %, rank 2/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, international expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (0 %, rank 4/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, public expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary to tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively low. (3.1 %, rank 36/41 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, private expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary to tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (1.1 %, rank 5/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Government and private expenditure in education

    The share of private expenditure on all levels below tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (24.1 %, rank 1/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of public expenditure on tertiary educational institutions is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.1 %, rank 3/43 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Türkiye has one of the largest shares of private expenditure on primary through tertiary educational institutions among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (25.3 %, rank 5/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, total public expenditure on primary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively low. (2.1 %, rank 35/43 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of public expenditure on educational institutions, for primary secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively small. (75.2 %, rank 36/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of public expenditure on educational institutions, for primary to tertiary education is comparatively small. (73.9 %, rank 32/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Nature of expenditure

    In Türkiye, the share of capital expenditure on all levels below tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (10.5 %, rank 9/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of current expenditure on all levels below tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (89.5 %, rank 25/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of capital expenditure on primary through tertiary is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (12.5 %, rank 5/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of current expenditure on primary through tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (87.5 %, rank 28/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of capital expenditure on tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (15.4 %, rank 3/34 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of current expenditure on tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (84.6 %, rank 32/34 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Teachers

    The number of hours per year lower secondary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively low in Türkiye. (503 Hours, rank 23/24 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The number of hours per year upper secondary teachers spend teaching general programmes in public institutions is comparatively low in Türkiye. (503 Hours, rank 22/23 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Who the teachers are

    The share of women among teaching staff in primary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (64.8 %, rank 42/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in lower secondary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (59.2 %, rank 33/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in upper secondary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (51.7 %, rank 35/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in short-cycle tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (42.6 %, rank 22/27 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (59.2 %, rank 36/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers younger than 30 is especially high. (14.6 %, rank 7/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is especially high. (70 %, rank 1/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of primary teachers older than 50 is especially low. (20.7 %, rank 37/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of lower secondary teachers older than 50 is especially low. (7.8 %, rank 38/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of upper secondary teachers older than 50 is especially low. (18.6 %, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers older than 50 is especially low. (15.4 %, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in general upper secondary education in Türkiye is relatively small. (53.3 %, rank 31/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of female teachers younger than 30 in tertiary education is relatively large. (80.8 %, rank 1/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Females aged 50 or more represent a small proportion of teachers in primary education in Türkiye. (50.1 %, rank 41/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of female teachers aged 50 or more in lower secondary education is especially low in Türkiye. (47.1 %, rank 37/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of female teachers aged 50 or more in upper secondary education is especially low in Türkiye. (38.1 %, rank 38/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of female teachers aged 50 or more in tertiary education is especially low in Türkiye. (37.7 %, rank 29/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of tertiary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is relatively high, compared to other countries with data available. (64 %, rank 1/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of short-cycle tertiary teachers older than 50 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (17.4 %, rank 24/25 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of bachelor's, master's and doctoral level teachers older than 50 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (27 %, rank 33/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of tertiary teachers older than 50 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (25.8 %, rank 35/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of short-cycle tertiary female teachers older than 50 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (31.9 %, rank 22/25 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of teachers aged 50 or more in pre-primary education is especially low in Türkiye (3.2 %, rank 37/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of teachers under 30 in pre-primary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (28.4 %, rank 5/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of teachers aged between 30 and 49 in pre-primary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (68.4 %, rank 1/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In upper secondary education, the percentage of teachers aged 50 or more is particularly low in Türkiye. (17.5 %, rank 34/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of teachers under 30 in Türkiye is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (14.3 %, rank 4/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of upper secondary general education teachers aged between 30 and 49 is relatively high, compared to the other countries with available data. (68.2 %, rank 2/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of upper secondary vocational education teachers aged 50 or more is relatively low, compared to the other countries with available data. (19.6 %, rank 29/30 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of teachers under 30 in upper secondary vocational education is especially high in Türkiye. (9.4 %, rank 7/30 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the percentage of teachers aged between 30 and 49 in upper secondary vocational education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (71 %, rank 2/30 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries

    In Türkiye, the change in statutory lower secondary education teachers' salaries with 15 years of experience, based on most prevalent qualifications at different points in teachers' careers is relatively large. (131 Index, rank 3/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a pre-primary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the highest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (62146 USD Equivalent, rank 6/28 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries progression

    The salary progression from the start to the top of the salary scale for a lower secondary school teacher is among the least rewarding among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.09 Ratio, rank 34/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Starting salaries for teachers with minimum training in primary education are especially high. (60186 USD Equivalent, rank 4/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Salaries of primary school teachers with minimum training after 10 years of experience are especially high. (62788 USD Equivalent, rank 9/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Starting salaries for lower secondary teachers with minimum training are especially high. (60724 USD Equivalent, rank 4/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Salaries of lower secondary teachers with minimum training after 10 years of experience are especially high. (63326 USD Equivalent, rank 9/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The ratio of pre-primary teachers' salaries at the top of scale to their starting salary is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.09 Ratio, rank 28/28 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The ratio of primary teachers' salaries at the top of scale to their starting salary is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.09 Ratio, rank 34/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The ratio of upper secondary teachers' salaries at the top of scale to their starting salary is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.09 Ratio, rank 34/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In lower secondary education, the salary ratio of teachers with maximum qualifications at the top of the salary scale to those with minimum training and starting salaries is comparatively low. (1.24 Ratio, rank 23/31 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Ratio of student to teaching staff

    The number of students per teacher in tertiary institutions is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (20.8 Ratio, rank 8/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The number of pupils per teacher in pre-primary schools is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (17.6 Ratio, rank 10/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The number of students per teacher in primary schools is one of the highest among OECD countries and partner countries with available data. (17.5 Ratio, rank 10/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the number of students per teacher in public lower secondary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (14.2 Ratio, rank 10/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the lower secondary level in private institutions is especially low in Türkiye. (8.8 Ratio, rank 35/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the number of students per teacher in private upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.4 Ratio, rank 36/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the number of students per teacher in all private secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.6 Ratio, rank 33/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the number of students per teacher in public institutions tertiary education is one of the highest among countries with available data. (20.3 Ratio, rank 6/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the number of students per teacher in private institutions tertiary education is one of the highest among countries with available data. (23.4 Ratio, rank 8/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the number of students per teacher in public institutions short-cycle tertiary education is one of the highest among countries with available data. (43 Ratio, rank 3/23 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the number of students per teacher in private institutions short-cycle tertiary education is one of the highest among countries with available data. (38 Ratio, rank 2/20 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the number of students per teacher in private bachelor's, master's, doctoral or equivalent programmes is one of the highest among countries with available data. (20.6 Ratio, rank 9/30 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Organisation of the education system

    Classes in public primary institutions are comparatively large in Türkiye. (24 Students, rank 5/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Classes in lower secondary private institutions are comparatively small in Türkiye. (17 Students, rank 27/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Employment and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a short-cycle tertiary education degree is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (65.6 %, rank 36/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (76.4 %, rank 44/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (84.8 %, rank 41/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (90.8 %, rank 31/34 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (66.2 %, rank 35/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (59.7 %, rank 39/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with below upper secondary education is compartively low in Türkiye. (53.3 %, rank 38/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with tertiary education is compartively low in Türkiye. (73.5 %, rank 45/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in Türkiye. (64.6 %, rank 44/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-olds with below upper secondary education is compartively low in Türkiye. (37.3 %, rank 40/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-olds with tertiary education is compartively low in Türkiye. (47.8 %, rank 46/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in Türkiye. (36.1 %, rank 45/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (69.6 %, rank 36/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (60.9 %, rank 37/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a short-cycle tertiary education is comparatively low. (67.5 %, rank 31/32 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 35-44 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (74.9 %, rank 36/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 35-44 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (67.7 %, rank 38/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 45-54 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (64.1 %, rank 35/35 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 45-54 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (59.8 %, rank 38/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 45-54 year-olds without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (55.8 %, rank 42/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 35-44 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low. (81.8 %, rank 44/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 45-54 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low. (76 %, rank 46/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 35-44 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (70.6 %, rank 45/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 45-54 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (61.6 %, rank 45/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 35-44 year-olds with a short-cycle tertiary education is comparatively low. (71.9 %, rank 33/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 45-54 year-olds with a short-cycle tertiary education is comparatively low. (66.1 %, rank 33/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Türkiye. (75.2 %, rank 41/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Türkiye. (83.3 %, rank 37/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Employment by gender and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low. (74.4 %, rank 45/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (51.6 %, rank 39/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (62.4 %, rank 45/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old men with tertiary education is comparatively low. (85.7 %, rank 45/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old women without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (30.2 %, rank 44/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (36.9 %, rank 44/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old women with tertiary education is comparatively low. (62.2 %, rank 45/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with below upper secondary education is compartively high in Türkiye. (82.3 %, rank 10/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with tertiary education is compartively low in Türkiye. (86.6 %, rank 39/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with below upper secondary education is compartively low in Türkiye. (24.5 %, rank 43/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is compartively low in Türkiye. (61.8 %, rank 45/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in Türkiye. (36.8 %, rank 44/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-old men with tertiary education is compartively low in Türkiye. (57.8 %, rank 46/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in Türkiye. (48.9 %, rank 44/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-old women with below upper secondary education is compartively low in Türkiye. (20.7 %, rank 45/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-old women with tertiary education is compartively low in Türkiye. (30.2 %, rank 45/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in Türkiye. (15.7 %, rank 44/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low (40.5 %, rank 36/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of employed 25-64 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (35.9 %, rank 39/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Türkiye, the share of employed 25-64 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (38.6 %, rank 36/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Türkiye compared to other countries with available data. (34.4 %, rank 39/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Unemployment and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively high. (11.2 %, rank 3/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively high. (8.2 %, rank 2/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (7.7 %, rank 4/43 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (5.4 %, rank 1/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (3.1 %, rank 2/13 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (7.3 %, rank 5/35 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (9.9 %, rank 3/36 , 2023) Download Indicator