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Portugal
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Portugal
Overview of the education system (EAG 2023)
  • In Portugal, 40% of 15-19 year-olds are enrolled in general upper secondary education and 24% in vocational upper secondary education. A further 10% are enrolled in lower secondary programmes and 18% in tertiary programmes. This compares to an OECD average of 37% enrolled in general upper secondary programmes, 23% in vocational upper secondary programmes, 12% in lower secondary programmes and 12% in tertiary programmes.
  • In Portugal,21% of 25-34 year-olds have a vocational education and training (VET) qualification as their highest level of attainment: 18% at upper secondary level and 2% at post-secondary non-tertiary level and 1% at short-cycle tertiary level.
  • Although an upper secondary qualification is often the minimum attainment needed for successful labour-market participation,17% of 25-34 year-olds in Portugal have not attained an upper secondary qualification, higher than the OECD average (14%).
  • Workers in Portugal aged 25-34 with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment earn 19% more than those without upper secondary attainment, whereas the earning advantage for workers with general upper secondary attainment is 15%.
  • Across all levels from primary to tertiary education, Portugal spends USD 10 816 annually per full-time equivalent student (adjusted for purchasing power and including expenditure on research and development), compared to the OECD average of USD 12 647.
  • On average,annual statutory salaries for upper secondary teachers in general programmes with the most prevalent qualification and 15 years of experience are USD 53 456 across the OECD. In Portugal, the corresponding salary adjusted for purchasing power is USD 44 277, which is equivalent to EUR 29 100.
    • | Education at a Glance 2023 | Country Note | Annexes from Education at a Glance 2023 | OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics 2018 | OECD Education Policy Outlook: Portugal | Governo de Portugal (Portuguese Government) | Direção-Geral de Estatísticas da Educação e Ciência (Directorate General for Education and Science Statistics, Ministry of Education and Science, in Portuguese) | Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Statistics Portugal) |
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    The following list displays indicators for which your selected country shows the highest and lowest values among countries. The list can be sorted by level of education or by age group. All rankings are calculated including available data from OECD and partner countries. Find out more about the methodology here.

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    Attainment

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (39.7 %, rank 9/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (28.9 %, rank 39/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The level of tertiary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.3 %, rank 36/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary qualification is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (10 %, rank 29/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-old men who have attained a vocational degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11 %, rank 31/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Portugal has one of the lowest percentages of 25-64 year-olds whose highest education level is a short-cycle tertiary education degree. (0.3 %, rank 34/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the percentage of 25-64 year-olds who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (9.5 %, rank 37/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The level of short-cycle tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.6 %, rank 28/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Attainment by gender

    The proportion of 55-64 year-old men who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (34.6 %, rank 40/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Portugal has one of the smallest shares of 25-64 year-old men whose highest education level is a short-cycle tertiary education degree. (0.3 %, rank 33/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Portugal has one of the smallest shares of 25-64 year-old women whose highest education level is a short-cycle tertiary education degree. (0.2 %, rank 34/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of 25-64 year-old men who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (8.4 %, rank 38/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old women who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (10.5 %, rank 37/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in Portugal is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (44.2 %, rank 9/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old women who attained below upper secondary education in Portugal is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (35.5 %, rank 10/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 55-64 year-old men who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Portugal is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19.4 %, rank 40/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Portugal has one of the largest share of women among 55-64 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education. (50 %, rank 9/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the proportion of 25-34 year-old men who have attained a short cycle tertiary degree is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data (0.7 %, rank 26/31 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Attainment by field of education

    The percentage of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of information and communication technologies is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (1.7 %, rank 29/31 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Entrance

    The share of women among tertiary education new entrants is one of the smallest compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (53 %, rank 28/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of female new entrants integrating short-cycle tertiary programmes in Portugal is comparatively small. (37 %, rank 31/34 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the average age of new entrants in master's long first degree (LFD) programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19.1 Years, rank 24/25 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The average age of new entrants in tertiary education in Portugal is comparatively young. (20.3 Years, rank 28/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the proportion of first-time entrants into doctorate's or equivalent programmes before the age of 30 is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (40 %, rank 33/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the average age of new entrants in master's programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (23.7 Years, rank 37/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Entrance by field of education and gender

    In Portugal,the share of male among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is relatively small. (61.1 %, rank 34/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of male among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in the field of health and welfare is relatively small. (32.4 %, rank 31/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19.2 %, rank 34/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of female students entering short cycle tertiary programmes in information and communication technologies in Portugal is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (8.2 %, rank 27/28 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of male students entering short cycle tertiary programmes in natural sciences, mathematics and statistics in Portugal is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (24.2 %, rank 20/21 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of male students entering short-cycle tertiary programmes in health and welfare in Portugal is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (14.3 %, rank 24/29 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of female in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of arts and humanities is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (40.2 %, rank 28/32 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of female in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of business, administration and law is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (51.8 %, rank 25/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of female in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of services is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (40.4 %, rank 24/27 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Participation in education

    The enrolment rate of 6-14 year-olds in Portugal is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among 15-19 year-olds in Portugal is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (92 %, rank 7/42 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students in government-dependent private tertiary educational institutions is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 19/24 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of students enrolled in programmes providing full completion and access to tertiary education among all students enrolled in upper secondary vocational programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of students aged 20 in post-secondary non-tertiary programmes in Portugal is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.4 %, rank 22/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of upper secondary students enrolled in programmes giving partial completion or insufficient for completion is relatively low compared to the other countries. (0 %, rank 16/16 , 2021) Download Indicator

    (100 %, rank 1/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Students enrolled in programmes providing full completion and access to tertiary education among all students enrolled in post-secondary non-tertiary vocational programmes are proportionally more in Portugal than in the other countries. (100 %, rank 1/20 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of post-secondary non-tertiary students among all vocational students is relatively small compared to other OECD and partner countries. (2.6 %, rank 22/26 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of vocational students as a share of short-cycle tertiary students is among the largest in all OECD and partner countries. (100 %, rank 1/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The average age of short-cycle tertiary students enrolled in vocational programmes is comparativele low. (22.1 %, rank 31/35 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Portugal has a share of short-cycle tertiary students enrolled in programmes giving full level completion with access to tertiary education that is higher than other OECD and partner countries; (100 %, rank 1/32 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in post-secondary non-tertiary programmes in Portugal is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.1 %, rank 23/31 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of two-year-olds in early childhood education in Portugal is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 71/80 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 20-24 in post-secondary non-tertiary programmes in Portugal is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.3 %, rank 24/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 20-24 in master's programmes in Portugal is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (12.4 %, rank 4/41 , 2021) Download Indicator

    (0.2 %, rank 5/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of four-year-olds in primary education in Portugal is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 6/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of five-year-olds in ECEC in Portugal is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (98 %, rank 10/83 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of five-year-olds in pre-primary education in Portugal is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (98 %, rank 8/83 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of female students enrolled in post-secondary non-tertiary programmes is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (34.9 %, rank 26/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of female students enrolled in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (37.2 %, rank 30/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Graduation

    The average age of graduates from general programmes at the upper secondary level in Portugal is comparatively high. (20.7 Years, rank 3/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the percentage of first-time doctorate graduates younger than 35 is relatively low. (40.7 %, rank 31/35 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of long first degree master's graduates in public institutions is relatively low in Portugal. (86 %, rank 18/25 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The average age of short-cycle tertiary graduates in Portugal is among the youngest. (22.8 Years, rank 23/26 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The average age of bachelor's or equivalent graduates in Portugal is among the youngest. (24 Years, rank 28/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The average age of master's or equivalent graduates in Portugal is among the youngest. (24.7 Years, rank 23/25 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Graduation by gender

    The share of female graduates among post-secondary non-tertiary graduates from vocational programmes in Portugal is relatively low. (36 %, rank 25/27 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of female first-time graduates in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (44.2 %, rank 24/28 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of female first-time bachelor's graduates is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (60.6 %, rank 10/34 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of female first-time master's graduates is relatively smallest, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (54.3 %, rank 19/25 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.8 %, rank 44/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of information and communication technologies is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.5 %, rank 41/43 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19 %, rank 4/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the proportion of upper secondary vocational graduates in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (16.7 %, rank 32/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the percentage of post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of health and welfare is relatively low. (0 %, rank 23/25 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the proportion of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of arts and humanities is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (12.8 %, rank 8/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the proportion of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of STEM is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (30.4 %, rank 27/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the proportion of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of services is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (28.6 %, rank 1/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of short-cycle tertiary vocational graduates in the field of STEM is relatively high compared to other OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (35.3 %, rank 9/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the proportion of bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent graduates in the field of arts and humanities is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (10.2 %, rank 10/45 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the proportion of bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent graduates in the field of STEM is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (27.3 %, rank 9/45 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the proportion of bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent graduates in the field of services is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.1 %, rank 8/45 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education and gender

    The proportion of female tertiary graduates in education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (5.1 %, rank 44/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of female doctoral graduates in the field of Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is relatively high. (52.6 %, rank 10/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of female doctoral graduates in the field of business, administration and law is relatively low. (41.9 %, rank 34/43 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of female doctoral graduates in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is relatively high. (39.7 %, rank 5/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of female tertiary graduates in the field of sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (17.8 %, rank 5/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of education is relatively low in Portugal. (2.1 %, rank 41/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the proportion of female graduates from upper secondary vocational programmes in the field health and welfare is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries. (87 %, rank 10/34 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (70.8 %, rank 10/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (61 %, rank 10/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Completion rates

    A relatively low share of upper secondary students complete their studies within the theoretical programme duration. (62.8 %, rank 19/23 , 2021) Download Indicator

    A relatively low share of students in upper secondary general programmes complete their studies within the theoretical programme duration. (62.6 %, rank 21/23 , 2021) Download Indicator

    A relatively low share of upper secondary students complete their studies up to two years later than the theoretical programme duration. (79.7 %, rank 16/21 , 2021) Download Indicator

    A relatively low share of students in upper secondary vocational programmes complete their studies up to two years later than the theoretical programme duration. (68.5 %, rank 14/18 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Fields of education

    In Portugal, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of education is relatively low. (3.9 %, rank 37/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is relatively low. (3.4 %, rank 36/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of education among all national tertiary students in Portugal is relatively low. (3.3 %, rank 37/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of information and communication technologies among all national tertiary students in Portugal is relatively low. (2.9 %, rank 36/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of health and welfare is relatively low, compared to other countries with available data. (10.5 %, rank 29/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is relatively low. (13 %, rank 29/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is relatively high, compared to other countries with available data. (18.2 %, rank 3/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of new entrants in education bachelor's programmes is comparatively smallest, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.8 %, rank 37/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the proportion of new entrants in Information and communication technologies bachelor's programmes is relatively low, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.3 %, rank 37/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Student mobility

    In Portugal, international or foreign students from North America are least represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.9 %, rank 35/43 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, international or foreign students from Latin America and the Caribbean are most represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (40.4 %, rank 6/43 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, international or foreign students from Asia are least represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.2 %, rank 38/43 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, international or foreign students from Africa are highest represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (36.7 %, rank 2/43 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (13.3 %, rank 4/35 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the percentage of international or foreign students coming from neighbouring countries is comparatively low . (2 Students, rank 43/43 , 2021) Download Indicator

    (11.6 %, rank 10/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Student mobility by field of education

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of social sciences, journalism and information among all international or foreign tertiary students in Portugal is relatively high. (13.3 %, rank 10/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of information and communication technologies among all international or foreign tertiary students in Portugal is relatively low. (2.9 %, rank 36/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of engineering, manunfacturing and construction among all international or foreign tertiary students in Portugal is relatively high. (19.2 %, rank 7/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the percentage of international doctoral graduates in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (15.4 %, rank 6/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the percentage of international doctoral graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (15.6 %, rank 4/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the percentage of international doctoral graduates in the field of Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (12.6 %, rank 29/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the percentage of international doctoral graduates in the field of Information and communication technologies is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.1 %, rank 30/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Resources for education

    In Portugal, the salary cost of lower-secondary teachers per student is comparatively high. (5206 USD Equivalent, rank 7/24 , 2017) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student

    Annual expenditure per tertiary student is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (12104 USD Equivalent, rank 31/40 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Annual expenditure per tertiary student is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8099 USD Equivalent, rank 31/34 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student for core educational services on tertiary education in Portugal is comparatively low. (7676 USD Equivalent, rank 35/36 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student for core educational services on primary to tertiary education in Portugal is comparatively low. (9278 USD Equivalent, rank 27/36 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the average annual growth in the number of full-time equivalent student (2012 to 2020) at primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary level is comparatively low. (-1.7 %, rank 43/45 , 2020) Download Indicator

    From 2012 to 2020, the average annual growth in the number of full-time equivalent student from primary to tertiary education is one of the low in Portugal among OECD and partner countries with available data. (-1.4 %, rank 40/43 , 2020) Download Indicator

    From 2012 to 2020, the average annual growth in total expenditure per full-time equivalent student on primary to tertiary education in Portugal is one of the small among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 28/34 , 2020) Download Indicator

    From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure on primary to tertiary education in Portugal is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9002 USD Equivalent, rank 31/38 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Expenditure in education and national wealth

    In Portugal, expenditure on secondary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively high. (2.3 %, rank 9/39 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, private expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (0.5 %, rank 5/39 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, international expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (0 %, rank 3/33 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, total expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to 2015. (97 Index, rank 29/36 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP for primary to tertiary education is low compared to 2015. (98 Index, rank 27/36 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the private expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds on primary to post-secondary non-tertiary level is high. (0.5 %, rank 4/30 , 2020) Download Indicator

    From 2012 to 2020, the average annual growth in total expenditure on educational institutions at primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary level is relatively low in Portugal. (-1.5 %, rank 35/37 , 2020) Download Indicator

    The proportion of private expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds for primary to tertiary education is comparatively high in Portugal. (0.8 %, rank 6/29 , 2020) Download Indicator

    From 2012 to 2020, the average annual growth in total expenditure on primary to tertiary education in Portugal is one of the low among OECD and partner countries with available data. (-1.2 %, rank 34/35 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, international expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds on tertiary education is relatively large. (0.1 %, rank 5/34 , 2020) Download Indicator

    From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure per full-time equivalent student on primary to tertiary education in Portugal is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.7 %, rank 24/32 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Government and private expenditure in education

    The share of private expenditure on all levels below tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11.9 %, rank 10/39 , 2020) Download Indicator

    The share of public expenditure on tertiary educational institutions is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.8 %, rank 38/46 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, international expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of total expenditure on primary to tertiary education is relatively high. (2.2 %, rank 6/33 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of private expenditure from primary to tertiary education from initial source of funds is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (16.6 %, rank 7/29 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the relative share of public expenditure from initial sources of funds on primary to post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (88 %, rank 25/30 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the relative share of public expenditure from initial source of funds at primary to tertiary education is relatively small. (80.8 %, rank 24/29 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the total expenditure per full-time equivalent student on primary to tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (58.9 %, rank 25/30 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Compared to 2015, the share of total government expenditure is comparatively lowest in Portugal. (104 Index, rank 44/49 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Nature of expenditure

    In Portugal, the share of capital expenditure on primary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.8 %, rank 35/36 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of current expenditure on all levels below tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (95 %, rank 10/36 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of capital expenditure on primary through tertiary is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.2 %, rank 29/34 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of current expenditure on primary through tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (94.8 %, rank 6/34 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of capital expenditure on tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.7 %, rank 29/35 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of current expenditure on tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (94.3 %, rank 7/35 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Teachers

    The number of hours per year primary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively high in Portugal. (869 Hours, rank 9/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Who the teachers are

    The share of women among teaching staff in pre-primary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (99 %, rank 9/42 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in upper secondary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (68.8 %, rank 9/43 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of primary teachers younger than 30 is especially low. (2 %, rank 40/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of lower secondary teachers younger than 30 is especially low. (1.6 %, rank 37/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of upper secondary teachers younger than 30 is especially low. (2.5 %, rank 37/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers younger than 30 is especially low. (2 %, rank 39/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of lower secondary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is especially low. (44.1 %, rank 32/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers older than 50 is especially high. (49.7 %, rank 6/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of female teachers under 30 in lower secondary education is especially low in Portugal. (62.7 %, rank 28/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of female teachers younger than 30 in tertiary education is relatively small . (43.2 %, rank 34/35 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of teachers aged 50 or more in pre-primary education is especially high in Portugal (53.4 %, rank 2/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the percentage of teachers under 30 in pre-primary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.1 %, rank 35/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the percentage of teachers aged between 30 and 49 in pre-primary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (43.5 %, rank 30/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of male teachers in pre-primary education is especially low in Portugal. (1 %, rank 33/42 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries

    The ratio of pre-primary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.47 Ratio, rank 1/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The ratio of primary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.35 Ratio, rank 2/26 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The ratio of lower secondary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.32 Ratio, rank 3/26 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The ratio of upper secondary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.42 Ratio, rank 2/26 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual pre-primary teacher's salary among teachers aged between 25-64 is one of the highest per hour of net teaching time among OECD and partner countries with available data. (51788 USD Equivalent, rank 5/24 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The ratio of lower secondary female teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year women workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.54 Ratio, rank 1/21 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The ratio of lower secondary male teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year men workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.1 Ratio, rank 2/21 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The salaries of 25-34 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is high in Portugal. (1.29 Ratio, rank 2/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The salaries of 55-64 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is high in Portugal. (1.01 Ratio, rank 4/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries progression

    The salary progression from the start to the top of the salary scale for a lower secondary school teacher is among the most rewarding among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.16 Ratio, rank 2/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Salaries of primary school teachers with minimum training at the top of scale are especially high. (73978 USD Equivalent, rank 8/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    It takes lower secondary teachers longer to progress through the salary scale in Portugal compared to other OECD and partner countries. (34 Years, rank 3/10 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In lower secondary education, the salary ratio of teachers with maximum qualifications at the top of the salary scale to those with minimum training and starting salaries is comparatively high. (2.16 Ratio, rank 7/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Principals' salaries

    Lower-secondary 25-64 year-old school heads' salaries relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is high in Portugal. (1.92 Ratio, rank 2/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 35-44 year-old lower secondary school heads is one of the lowest in Portugal. (52647 USD Equivalent, rank 17/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 45-54 year-old lower secondary school heads is one of the lowest in Portugal. (58727 USD Equivalent, rank 17/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Ratio of student to teaching staff

    The number of pupils per teacher in pre-primary schools is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (15.6 Ratio, rank 10/41 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the lower secondary level is especially low. (9 Ratio, rank 35/41 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the number of students per teacher in public lower secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.7 Ratio, rank 34/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the number of students per teacher in all public secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9.3 Ratio, rank 36/41 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the number of students per teacher in private institutions tertiary education is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (14.4 Ratio, rank 24/31 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the number of students per teacher in independent private institutions tertiary education is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (14.4 Ratio, rank 19/23 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Organisation of the education system

    In Portugal, the intended instruction time for lower secondary students (in hours per year) is one of the shortest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (843 Hours, rank 21/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the total intended instruction time for primary students (in hours per year) is one of the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6108 Hours, rank 5/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The total compulsory instruction time for lower secondary students in Portugal is one of the shortest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2455 Hours, rank 32/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, total intended instruction time for lower secondary students is among the shortest compared to other countries with available data. (2529 Hours, rank 25/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, total intended instruction time for primary and lower secondary students (in hours per year) is among the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8637 Hours, rank 7/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the intended instruction time for primary students, in hours per year, is one of the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1018 Hours, rank 4/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, compulsory instruction time for lower secondary students, in hours per year, is one of the shortest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (818 Hours, rank 29/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The number of instruction days per year for lower secondary students is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (164 Days, rank 33/35 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The number of instruction days per year for primary students is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (173 Days, rank 33/35 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Classes in lower secondary private institutions are comparatively large in Portugal. (23 Students, rank 8/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In independent private institutions at lower secondary level, classes are one of the largest in Portugal among OECD and partner countries with available data. (22 Students, rank 6/19 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Employment and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively high. (90.9 %, rank 5/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds without upper secondary education is comparatively high. (70.5 %, rank 4/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively high. (84.4 %, rank 3/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (92.6 %, rank 6/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (97.3 %, rank 4/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with below upper secondary education is compartively high in Portugal. (69 %, rank 5/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-olds with tertiary education is compartively high in Portugal. (87 %, rank 3/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively high in Portugal. (71.7 %, rank 9/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (78.9 %, rank 9/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a short-cycle tertiary education is comparatively low. (77 %, rank 28/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively high in Portugal. (100 %, rank 1/26 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Employment by gender and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old men without upper secondary education is comparatively high. (78 %, rank 9/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old women without upper secondary education is comparatively high. (62.1 %, rank 3/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old women with tertiary education is comparatively high. (90.9 %, rank 1/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with tertiary education is compartively low in Portugal. (85.5 %, rank 36/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with below upper secondary education is compartively high in Portugal. (63.1 %, rank 3/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively high (81.8 %, rank 9/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of employed 25-64 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (81.6 %, rank 1/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of employed 25-64 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (85.7 %, rank 9/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of employed 25-64 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (82 %, rank 2/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of employed 25-64 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (89.8 %, rank 5/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high in Portugal compared to other countries with available data. (77.6 %, rank 4/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Employment by field of education

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (89 %, rank 5/31 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Unemployment and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively high. (6 %, rank 10/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (5.5 %, rank 9/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (6.4 %, rank 8/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Among the unemployed population aged between 25 and 64 with below upper secondary education, the share of those who have been unemployed for at least 12 months is one of the largest in Portugal, compared to other OECD countries. (56.8 %, rank 6/35 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the highest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (8.1 %, rank 8/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively high in Portugal. (5.8 %, rank 7/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Unemployment by gender and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old men with tertiary education is compartively high in Portugal. (6.3 %, rank 10/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively high. (6.5 %, rank 10/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively high. (10.3 %, rank 8/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of unemployed 25-64 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.9 %, rank 7/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of unemployed 25-64 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.2 %, rank 10/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Inactivity and educational attainment

    The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with below upper secondary education is low in Portugal. (19.9 %, rank 39/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is low in Portugal. (10.3 %, rank 39/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (7 %, rank 33/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (13.9 %, rank 34/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (8.2 %, rank 38/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with below upper secondary education is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (24.7 %, rank 41/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (4.3 %, rank 32/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (4.3 %, rank 38/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (5.4 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (10.5 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (11.9 %, rank 38/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (8 %, rank 36/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Inactivity by gender and educational attainment

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women without an upper secondary education is relatively low. (26.3 %, rank 42/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate 25-64 year-old women without an upper secondary education is relatively low compared to other countries with available data. (32.7 %, rank 41/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men without an upper secondary education is relatively low compared to other countries with available data. (17.7 %, rank 36/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (15.8 %, rank 35/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (13.5 %, rank 38/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (10.1 %, rank 31/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (8.8 %, rank 35/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (10.9 %, rank 36/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (5.3 %, rank 36/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (12.4 %, rank 42/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (12.7 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (8.4 %, rank 35/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively low. (6.8 %, rank 42/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively low. (5.4 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men with tertiary education is relatively high. (8.8 %, rank 5/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with tertiary education is relatively low. (5.5 %, rank 36/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Earnings and educational attainment

    The proportional difference in earnings between 25-64 year-old adults with tertiary education and those with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is quite high. (171 Index, rank 9/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Compared with other OECD and partner countries, the proportional difference in earnings between 25-64 year-old adults with a short-cycle tertiary education degree and those with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is low. (106 Index, rank 28/30 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the proportional difference in earnings between 25-64 year-old men with a short-cycle tertiary education degree and those with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is low. (104 Index, rank 29/30 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Earnings of 25-64 year-old full and part-time workers with tertiary education are comparatively high. (171.6 %, rank 9/40 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Earnings of foreign-born aged between 25 and 64 who work full- and part-time with a short cycle tertiary education are comparatively low. (105.6 %, rank 27/30 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of worker earning more than twice the median among those with a tertiary education degree is comparatively . (36.7 %, rank 8/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the proportion of young 25-34 year-old adults with post-secondary non-tertiary education, is relatively high compared to OECD and other members with available data (115.2 %, rank 4/18 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers without an upper secondary education earning at or below half the overall median in Portugal is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (9.2 %, rank 36/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 25-64 year-olds working full-time and full-year with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education compared to those of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively low in Portugal. (121 Index, rank 21/29 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 45-54 year-olds working full-time and full-year with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education compared to those of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively high in Portugal. (131 Index, rank 9/28 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education earning more than twice the overall median in Portugal is one of the highest among countries with available data. (9.5 %, rank 9/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education earning at or below half the overall median in Portugal is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (6.3 %, rank 36/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers with tertiary education earning at or below half the overall median in Portugal is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (3.3 %, rank 35/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 45-54 year-olds working full-time and full-year with tertiary education compared to those of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively high in Portugal. (256 Index, rank 6/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings, gender and educational attainment

    Earnings of women (as a percentage of men's earnings) among full- and part-time 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education are one of the highest among countries with available data. (75.9 %, rank 9/40 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (25-34 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (81.2 %, rank 21/28 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (25-64 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (77.2 %, rank 22/29 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (45-54 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (73.4 %, rank 21/28 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (25-64 year-olds with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (77.1 %, rank 20/28 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (45-54 year-olds with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (73.1 %, rank 21/28 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings by field of education

    Earnings of tertiary-educated adults who studied in the field of education are low, compared to earnings of all tertiary-educated adults in Portugal. (68.6 %, rank 15/17 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Earnings of tertiary-educated adults who studied in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction are low, compared to earnings of all tertiary-educated adults in Portugal. (107.2 %, rank 13/17 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Earnings of tertiary-educated adults who studied in the field of health and welfare are low, compared to earnings of all tertiary-educated adults in Portugal. (89.9 %, rank 12/17 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of tertiary-educated adults in Portugal who studied in the field of education, are low, when compared to earnings of adults with an upper secondary education. (69.8 %, rank 14/16 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of tertiary-educated adults in Portugal who studied in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction, are low, when compared to earnings of adults with an upper secondary education. (107.8 %, rank 11/16 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of tertiary-educated adults in Portugal who studied in the field of health and welfare, are low, when compared to earnings of adults with an upper secondary education. (89.5 %, rank 12/16 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of tertiary-educated adults in Portugal who studied in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT), are high, when compared to earnings of adults with an upper secondary education. (112.8 %, rank 4/16 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of tertiary-educated adults in Portugal who studied in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics, are low, when compared to earnings of adults with an upper secondary education. (101.1 %, rank 11/15 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Neither in education nor employed

    The share of inactive youth neither in formal education nor training among 18-24 year-olds in Portugal is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (4.7 %, rank 37/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women without an upper secondary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Portugal is relatively low (40.8 %, rank 32/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Portugal is relatively low (18.2 %, rank 23/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are inactive NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Portugal is relatively low. (5.2 %, rank 36/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are unemployed NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Portugal is relatively high. (6.3 %, rank 9/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are inactive NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Portugal is relatively low. (4.6 %, rank 37/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are inactive NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Portugal is relatively low. (4.8 %, rank 37/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of inactive NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Portugal is relatively low. (5.2 %, rank 36/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Social outcomes

    In Portugal, the share of adults with below upper secondary education who reported taking part in public demonstrations is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.9 %, rank 19/21 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of Internet users without an upper secondary education taking precautions to protect the privacy of their personal data is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.8 %, rank 22/26 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Portugal, the share of Internet users with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education taking precautions to protect the privacy of their personal data is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (23.5 %, rank 8/26 , 2021) Download Indicator


    The data table will display up to six selected countries.
    General findings
    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • On average in OECD countries, the employment rate for younger adults (25-34 year-olds) with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education as their highest attainment is 83% for those with a vocational qualification and 73% for those with a general one.
    • Combined school- and work-based vocational programmes facilitate the transition into the labour market. In Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia and Switzerland, around nine out of ten upper secondary VET students are in a combined school- and work-based programme, but in 10 countries, the share is less than one in five.
    • Vocational education and training (VET) programmes, which often require specific equipment and infrastructure, typically cost more per student than general programmes. On average across OECD countries, expenditure per student is about USD 11 400 in general upper secondary programmes, compared to about USD 13 200 in vocational programmes.
    • On average across OECD countries, 43% of teachers in vocational upper secondary programmes are aged 50 or over. This reflects an ageing VET teacher workforce, and also that some VET teachers join the teaching profession after an industry work experience.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Spotlight on Vocational Education and Training | Education policies: Access and Participation - VET | Education policies: Finance and Funding - VET | Education policies: Labour market outcomes - VET | 
    
                            
    
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    • On average across OECD, 20% of adults (25-64 year-olds) still do not have an upper secondary qualification in 2022. Forty percent have an upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary qualification as their highest level of education, the same share as those with a tertiary degree.

    • Employment rates increase as educational attainment increases. Among 25-64 year-olds, the employment rate is 59% for those with below upper secondary attainment. This rises to 77% for adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment and 86% for those with tertiary attainment.

    • Civic engagement tends to increase as educational attainment increases. Across the OECD countries and accession countries participating in the European Social Survey (ESS) Round 10, around 10% of individuals with tertiary attainment have participated in a public demonstration in the previous 12 months, whereas 6% of individuals with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary educational attainment have done so. 

    • The most common form of participation in adult learning is non-formal education and training, mostly job related. Slightly more than one in ten adults (25-64 year-olds) participate in non-formal education and training on average across OECD and accession countries reporting data with a four-week reference period, of which almost 80% have engaged in at least one job-related learning activity.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Attainment | Education policies: Labour market outcomes | 
    
                            
    
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    • On average, 18% of children under 2 and 43% of 2-year-olds were enrolled in early childhood education (ECEC) programmes in 2021 but other ECEC services also play a significant role. In Japan, 26% of children under 2 and 53% of 2-year-olds are enrolled in ECEC services outside ISCED 0. 

    • In Canada, Ireland and New Zealand, vocational programmes mostly serve those who have completed their initial schooling, and less than 12% of 15-19 year-old upper secondary students are pursuing VET. In contrast, there are 11 OECD countries where the majority of 15-19 year-olds enrolled in upper secondary education are in vocational programmes.

    • Most upper secondary VET students are in programmes that offer direct access to tertiary education. Countries where around 30% or more vocational students enrolled in programmes that lead to full level completion without direct access to tertiary education tend to be those with multiple vocational tracks and bridging options to allow progression to higher levels of education. 

    • On average, 72% of students who enter upper secondary education graduate within its theoretical duration across countries with available data. Two years after the end of the theoretical duration, the average completion rate has increased to 82%. 

    • Students who entered a general upper secondary programme have a higher rate of completion (87%) than those who entered in a vocational programme (73%) in nearly all countries two years after the end of the theoretical programme duration. 

    • The COVID-19 pandemic had a very uneven impact on international student flows across countries during the period 2019-2021. While the share of mobile students fell by 6 percentage points in Australia and 9 percentage points in New Zealand, it increased in several countries and remained unchanged in many others.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Access and Participation  | 
    
                            
    
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    • Across OECD countries, expenditure per student averages around USD 10 700 at the primary level, USD 11 900 at secondary and USD 18 100 at tertiary level. This reflects the fact that higher levels of education often require teachers to have more advanced qualifications and specialised knowledge which are usually accompanied by higher salaries.

    • Vocational education and training (VET) programmes, which often require specific equipment and infrastructure, typically cost more per student than general programmes. On average across OECD countries, expenditure per student is about USD 11 400 in general upper secondary programmes, compared to about USD 13 200 in vocational programmes.
    • Upper secondary vocational programmes receive between 3% and 17% of all funding for primary to tertiary educational institutions. Post-secondary non-tertiary programmes, which are often vocational, receive as much as 7% of funding (in Ireland) and short-cycle tertiary as much as 10% (in Canada).

    • In 2020, on average across OECD countries, 84% of the funding for primary to tertiary educational institutions came directly from government sources, 15% from private sources and 1% from non-domestic (international) sources. 

    • Higher education levels tend to have higher teachers' salary costs per student. On average across OECD countries, they rise from USD 3 614 per student in primary education to USD 4 424 in lower secondary education. This is mostly due to a combination of higher teachers' salaries and instruction time, and shorter teaching hours.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Finance and Funding | 
    
                            
    
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    • Students across the OECD receive an average of 7 634 hours of compulsory instruction during their primary and lower secondary education, ranging from 5 245 hours in Poland to double that in Australia (11 000 hours).

    • Teachers' actual salaries at pre-primary, primary and general secondary levels of education are 81-95% of the earnings of tertiary-educated workers on average across OECD countries and other participants.

    • School heads' actual salaries are more than 51% higher on average than those of teachers across primary and secondary education in OECD countries and other participants.

    • More than three-quarters of the OECD countries have national, or central, examinations in the final years of upper secondary education (in general programmes). A large majority of these countries use these examinations to grant students access to tertiary education.

    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Teachers | Education policies: Teachers | OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS)  | 
    
                            
    
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            Diagram of funding flows - Portugal
            
    
            
    
        
    


        
		
    
            
    
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            Country Reviews for Portugal
            
    
            
    
			
    
        
    
		
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
        
    
            Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced
            by countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple
            most- or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in
            education must be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities, 
			such as loans and grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey
            more and better content to students, but may hinder investments in other important
            areas. If you want further information on the nature of different variables, please
            take the time to read the analysis and contextual information, available at the website
            for each publication.
    
            All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. 
            The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/
            

    
			Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some 
			countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2018 for school year 2017/2018.  
			

    
	    *TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. 
		This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages.
		Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and 
		Annex 3 
		of EAG 2021 for more details about the data collections.
            

    
			B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the People's Republic of China:
Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
			

    
            For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.