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Peru
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024)
  • Adults without upper secondary qualification are at considerable risk of poor social and labour-market outcomes throughout their lives. Reducing the share of young adults without an upper secondary qualification has been a priority in Peru. Their share of 25-34 year-olds without upper secondary educational attainment decreased by 6 percentage points between 2016 and 2023. At 22%, it is 8 percentage points above the OECD average in 2023.
  • Although most children and youths participate in education in the years before and after compulsory education, not all do so. Peru did not have increase the duration of compulsory education over the past decade. Compulsory education in Peru lasts from the age of 6 to 16 for a total of 11 years, which is identical to the OECD average.
  • Early childhood education has received much attention in recent years because of its importance, especially for children from disadvantaged families. In Peru, public investment in early childhood education relative to GDP stayed constant between 2015 and 2021. Across the OECD, it has increased on average by 9% over this period.
  • The work of teachers consists of a variety of tasks including teaching, but also preparing lessons, grading assignments and communicating with parents. The number of hours that teachers are contractually obliged to teach varies greatly across countries. In Peru, teachers at lower secondary level have to teach 882 hours annually. This is above the OECD average of 706 hours per year.
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    The following list displays indicators for which your selected country shows the highest and lowest values among countries. The list can be sorted by level of education or by age group. All rankings are calculated including available data from OECD and partner countries. Find out more about the methodology here.

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    Attainment

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained a general upper secondary or post-secondary qualification is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (31.3 %, rank 5/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Peru has one of the lowest percentages of 25-64 year-olds whose highest education level is a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree. (1.8 %, rank 39/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-olds who have attained a general degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (32.2 %, rank 4/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (37.2 %, rank 5/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (1.2 %, rank 39/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Attainment by gender

    In Peru, the share of 25-64 year-old men who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the largest among countries with available data. (27.2 %, rank 4/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Peru has one of the smallest shares of 25-64 year-old men whose highest education level is a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree. (1.8 %, rank 39/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Peru has one of the smallest shares of 25-64 year-old women whose highest education level is a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree. (1.7 %, rank 39/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Peru is one of the highest among countries with available data. (29.3 %, rank 4/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Peru is one of the highest among countries with available data. (35.1 %, rank 4/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Education expectancy

    In Peru, the expected years in education between ages 15 and 29 are comparatively short . (5.3 Years, rank 42/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the expected years in education between ages 15 and 29 are comparatively short for men. (5.2 Years, rank 43/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    For women, the expected years in education between ages 15 and 29 are relatively short in Peru. (5.4 Years, rank 42/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Entrance

    The share of female new entrants integrating short-cycle tertiary programmes in Peru is comparatively small. (30.7 %, rank 32/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Entrance by field of education and gender

    In Peru, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (45.1 %, rank 37/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of female students entering short cycle tertiaryprogrammes in natural sciences, mathematics and statistics in Peru is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (20.9 %, rank 22/23 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of female in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of arts and humanities is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (22.2 %, rank 31/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of female in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of services is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (32.9 %, rank 25/29 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Participation in education

    The enrolment rate of 6-14 year-olds in Peru is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among 15-19 year-olds in Peru is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (58.7 %, rank 42/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of four-year-olds in early childhood and primary education in Peru is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (98.9 %, rank 5/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of students aged 17 in general upper secondary programmes in Peru is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.2 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of students aged 18 in general upper secondary programmes in Peru is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.1 %, rank 40/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the percentage of students enrolled in private institutions at early childhood educational and development level is comparatively low. (9.7 %, rank 22/25 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of lower secondary vocational students among vocational students is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (90.5 %, rank 1/19 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of vocational students as a share of short-cycle tertiary students is among the largest in all OECD and partner countries. (100 %, rank 1/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in upper secondary programmes in Peru is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (35.2 %, rank 43/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of four-year-olds in pre-primary in Peru is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (98.9 %, rank 5/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of five-year-olds in ECEC in Peru is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of five-year-olds in pre-primary education in Peru is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of six-year-olds in primary education in Peru is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of female students enrolled in lower secondary vocational programmes is one of the highest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (57.4 %, rank 5/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of female students enrolled in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (30.1 %, rank 31/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Graduation

    The average age of graduates from general programmes at the upper secondary level in Peru is comparatively low. (16.9 Years, rank 41/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of long first degree master's graduates in public institutions is relatively low in Peru. (17.2 %, rank 24/25 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education

    In Peru, the share of short-cycle tertiary vocational graduates in the field of arts and humanities is relatively low compared to other OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (0.3 %, rank 34/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of short-cycle tertiary vocational graduates in the field of health and welfare is relatively low compared to other OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (0 %, rank 33/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of short-cycle tertiary vocational graduates in the field of services is relatively high compared to other OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (56.9 %, rank 1/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Fields of education

    In Peru, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of arts and humanities is relatively small. (1.1 %, rank 31/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of business, administration and law is relatively small. (0.8 %, rank 31/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of information and communication technologies is relatively small. (0.2 %, rank 28/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in field of health and welfare is relatively small. (0 %, rank 29/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of new entrants in arts and humanities bachelor's programmes is especially low, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.4 %, rank 38/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of new entrants in natural sciences, mathematics and statistics bachelor's programmes is relatively low, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.2 %, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Government and private expenditure in education

    In Peru, total public expenditure on primary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively high. (5.7 %, rank 3/43 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Teachers

    The number of hours per year lower secondary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively high in Peru. (882 Hours, rank 3/24 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The number of days of instruction in a school year in pre-primary public school is especially low. (168 Days, rank 28/29 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The number of days of instruction in a school year in primary public school is especially low. (168 Days, rank 34/37 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The number of days of instruction in a school year in lower secondary public school is especially low. (168 Days, rank 33/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The number of days of instruction in a school year in upper secondary public school is especially low. (168 Days, rank 34/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The number of hours per year pre-primary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively low in Peru. (756 Hours, rank 16/18 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Who the teachers are

    The share of women among teaching staff in lower secondary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (45.8 %, rank 41/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in upper secondary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (45.5 %, rank 41/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in short-cycle tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (26.8 %, rank 27/27 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in tertiary education (bachelor's, master's, doctorate or equivalent education) is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (36.7 %, rank 34/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (36.6 %, rank 42/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (59.8 %, rank 34/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in general upper secondary education in Peru is relatively small. (45.5 %, rank 35/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of female teachers under 30 in lower secondary education is especially low in Peru. (41.5 %, rank 38/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Females under 30 represent a small proportion of teachers in upper secondary education in Peru. (41.1 %, rank 38/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Females aged 50 or more represent a small proportion of teachers in primary education in Peru. (69.1 %, rank 38/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of female teachers aged 50 or more in lower secondary education is especially low in Peru. (49.2 %, rank 36/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The percentage of female teachers aged 50 or more in tertiary education is especially low in Peru. (31.7 %, rank 34/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of short-cycle tertiary teachers older than 50 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (27.6 %, rank 22/25 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of short-cycle tertiary female teachers younger than 30 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (26.7 %, rank 23/24 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of short-cycle tertiary female teachers older than 50 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (27.9 %, rank 24/25 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of bachelor's, master's and doctoral level female teachers older than 50 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (31.7 %, rank 32/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Ratio of student to teaching staff

    The number of students per teacher in tertiary institutions is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (26.6 Ratio, rank 3/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The number of pupils per teacher in pre-primary schools is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (37.7 Ratio, rank 2/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The number of students per teacher in primary schools is one of the highest among OECD countries and partner countries with available data. (40.6 Ratio, rank 1/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the lower secondary level is especially high. (33.9 Ratio, rank 1/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the upper secondary level is especially high. (33.8 Ratio, rank 1/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the number of students per teacher in general upper secondary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (33.8 Ratio, rank 1/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the number of students per teacher in public lower secondary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (21.8 Ratio, rank 4/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the lower secondary level in private institutions is especially high in Peru. (58.2 Ratio, rank 1/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the number of students per teacher in all public secondary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (21.7 Ratio, rank 4/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the number of students per teacher in all private secondary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (59.3 Ratio, rank 1/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the number of students per teacher in private institutions tertiary education is one of the highest among countries with available data. (33.4 Ratio, rank 4/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the number of students per teacher in private bachelor's, master's, doctoral or equivalent programmes is one of the highest among countries with available data. (33.4 Ratio, rank 4/30 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the ratio of children to teaching staff in early childhood educational development is one of the highest compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (118 Ratio, rank 1/21 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru the ratio of children to contact staff in early childhood educational development is one of the highest compared to the other OECD and partner countries with available data. (82.6 Ratio, rank 1/15 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of teachers' aides among contact staff in early childhood educational development is one of the lowest of OECD and partner countries with available data. (30 Ratio, rank 11/13 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Organisation of the education system

    Classes are particularly small in primary schools. (14 Students, rank 36/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Classes in public primary institutions are comparatively small in Peru. (13 Students, rank 38/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, classes in primary education are comparatively small. (14 Students, rank 36/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Employment and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (93.3 %, rank 5/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with below upper secondary education is compartively high in Peru. (75.8 %, rank 4/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a short-cycle tertiary education is comparatively low. (78.3 %, rank 28/32 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 35-44 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low. (84.7 %, rank 42/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 35-44 year-olds with a short-cycle tertiary education is comparatively low. (77.6 %, rank 29/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 45-54 year-olds with a short-cycle tertiary education is comparatively low. (79.6 %, rank 29/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Employment by gender and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds without upper secondary education is comparatively high. (79.6 %, rank 1/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old men without upper secondary education is comparatively high. (90.7 %, rank 3/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old women without upper secondary education is comparatively high. (70.9 %, rank 1/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with below upper secondary education is compartively high in Peru. (86.3 %, rank 5/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with below upper secondary education is compartively high in Peru. (66.5 %, rank 4/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is compartively low in Peru. (72.8 %, rank 43/46 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively high in Peru. (87.2 %, rank 2/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-old women with below upper secondary education is compartively high in Peru. (68.2 %, rank 1/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of employed 25-64 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (91.7 %, rank 1/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high in Peru. (92.5 %, rank 1/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Unemployment and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with below upper secondary education is comparatively low. (2.8 %, rank 40/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (2.2 %, rank 42/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (3.6 %, rank 34/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Unemployment by gender and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old men without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (1.4 %, rank 43/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (2.2 %, rank 40/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in Peru. (2.6 %, rank 42/43 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old women with below upper secondary education is compartively low in Peru. (3.9 %, rank 36/40 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the share of unemployed 25-64 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.2 %, rank 34/35 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Peru. (2.6 %, rank 32/33 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Inactivity and educational attainment

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with below upper secondary education is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (18.6 %, rank 45/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (4.2 %, rank 39/41 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The inactivity rate of 55-64 years-old adults with below upper secondary education is low in Peru. (21.5 %, rank 45/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Inactivity by gender and educational attainment

    In Peru, the inactivity rate 25-64 year-old women without an upper secondary education is relatively low compared to other countries with available data. (26.9 %, rank 45/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men without an upper secondary education is relatively low compared to other countries with available data. (8 %, rank 43/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (5.1 %, rank 36/36 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (6.2 %, rank 39/39 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (5.1 %, rank 41/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (6.2 %, rank 44/45 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men with tertiary education is relatively high. (9.6 %, rank 5/44 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Earnings and educational attainment

    The earnings of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively low compared to those of adults with an upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education. (73 Index, rank 38/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers without an upper secondary education earning more than twice the overall median in Peru is one of the highest among countries with available data. (9 Index, rank 2/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers without an upper secondary education earning at or below half the overall median in Peru is one of the highest among countries with available data. (48 Index, rank 3/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education earning more than twice the overall median in Peru is one of the highest among countries with available data. (18 Index, rank 3/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education earning at or below half the overall median in Peru is one of the highest among countries with available data. (34 Index, rank 2/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers with tertiary education earning at or below half the overall median in Peru is one of the highest among countries with available data. (26 Index, rank 1/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the distribution of worker earning more than half the median but at or below the median among those with below upper secondary education is comparatively low. (18 Index, rank 41/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the distribution of worker earning more than the median but at or below 1.5 times the median among those with with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (20 Index, rank 38/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the distribution of worker earning more than half the median but at or below the median among those with with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (14 Index, rank 41/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the distribution of worker earning more than 1.5 times the median but at or below twice the median among those with tertiary education is comparatively low. (12 Index, rank 40/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the distribution of worker earning more than the median but at or below 1.5 times the median among those with tertiary education is comparatively low. (14 Index, rank 40/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the distribution of worker earning more than half the median but at or below the median among those with tertiary education is comparatively low. (8 Index, rank 41/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Earnings, gender and educational attainment

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (among 25-64 year-olds without an upper secondary education with income from employment) are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (66.3 %, rank 38/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (25-64 year-olds with income from employment) are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (75.1 %, rank 38/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women (as a percentage of men's earnings) among full- and part-time 25-64 year-olds with below upper secondary education are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (53.6 %, rank 39/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women (as a percentage of men's earnings) among full- and part-time 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (61.2 %, rank 39/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (among 25-34 year-olds with upper secondary education or post-secondary non-tertiary education and income from employment) are one of the low among countries with available data. (71.3 %, rank 38/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (25-34 year-olds without an upper secondary education working full-time full-year) are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (57.6 %, rank 32/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (45-54 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (65.3 %, rank 39/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Neither in education nor employed

    The share of inactive youth neither in formal education nor training among 18-24 year-olds in Peru is one of the highest among countries with available data. (19.1 %, rank 3/42 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of women without an upper secondary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Peru is relatively low (35.8 %, rank 35/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-29 year-olds neither in employment nor in education and training without an upper secondary in Peru is relatively low. (27.3 %, rank 36/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Peru is relatively low (7.7 %, rank 22/26 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The share of women with tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Peru is relatively high. (23.6 %, rank 3/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-29 year-olds neither in employment nor in education and training with tertiary education in Peru is relatively high. (17 %, rank 5/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are inactive NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Peru is relatively high. (22.5 %, rank 5/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are inactive NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Peru is relatively high. (22.9 %, rank 4/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are inactive NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Peru is relatively high. (12.5 %, rank 2/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are inactive NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Peru is relatively high. (15.5 %, rank 2/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of inactive NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Peru is relatively high. (17.4 %, rank 3/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Among 15-29 year-olds, the share of youth without an upper secondary or post-secondary non tertiary degree who are neither employed nor in education or training in Peru is relatively high. (29.5 %, rank 3/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Peru, the proportion of young men who are neither employed nor in education or training among 15-19 year-olds is comparatively large. (19.8 %, rank 2/41 , 2022) Download Indicator


    The data table will display up to six selected countries.
    General findings
    
                            
    • Educational and labour-market outcomes for young adults at risk of falling behind have improved. Since 2016, the share of 18-24 year-olds not in employment, education or training has fallen from 16% to 14% on average across the OECD. At the same time, the share of 25-34 year-olds without an upper secondary qualification has decreased from 17% to 14%.
    • Job opportunities have also improved: the employment rate among 25-34 year-olds without an upper secondary qualification has risen from 59% to 61%, and for those with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment, it has increased from 76% to 79%.
    • Educational outcomes are transmitted across generations. Inequalities start early and persist through all stages of the education system. In countries with available data, children from low-income families are on average 18 percentage points less likely to be enrolled in early childhood education and care before the age of 3.
    • Students who start an upper secondary programme are 19 percentage points less likely to successfully complete their studies if their parents have not attained upper secondary education than their peers with parents who have a tertiary qualification, and this gap is 13 percentage points for those starting a bachelor’s programmes.
    • These disadvantages result in very different levels of educational attainment. While 72% of adults who have at least one parent with a tertiary qualification have also obtained a tertiary qualification, only 19% of those whose parents have not completed upper secondary education have tertiary attainment.
    • Public expenditure on early childhood education measured as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 9% between 2015 and 2021, significantly more than for other levels of education. Enrolment rates in early childhood education have also continued to rise across all age groups. On average across the OECD, 83% of children aged 3-5 are enrolled in pre-primary education, up from 79% in 2013.
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    • In almost all countries with available data, the share of younger adults (25-34 year-olds) without an upper secondary qualification has fallen since 2016 and for Costa Rica, Mexico, Portugal and Türkiye these declines have been in double digits in percentage-point terms. This means many more younger adults will have the opportunity to succeed in the labour market.
    • On average across OECD countries, the share of women with at least a bachelor's or equivalent degree has almost doubled in a generation: going from 24% among 55-64 year-olds to 47% among 25-34 year-olds, reflecting a substantial increase in educational attainment.
    • In most OECD countries, the share of 18-24 year-olds who are neither employed nor in formal education or training (NEET) has decreased between 2016 and 2023. Costa Rica and Lithuania are exceptions, having experienced a rise above 3 percentage points in the share over this period.
    • Employment rates for younger adults (25-34 year-olds) slightly improved in most countries between 2016 and 2023, irrespective of their educational attainment level. However, the gap in employment rates between younger adults with below upper secondary attainment and those with tertiary attainment has widened in more than half of OECD, partner and/or accession countries with comparable data for both years.
    • In OECD countries, workers who have not attained upper secondary education earn, on average, 18% less than those who have attained this level of education. Meanwhile, workers with a tertiary education earn, on average, 56% more than those with only an upper secondary education.
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    • Most children aged 3 to 5 (84%) attend early childhood education (ECE) programmes across the OECD, yet only 32% of those aged 0 to 2 are enrolled in early childhood educational development programmes (ISCED 01) on average. Younger children from low-income families are least likely to attend these programmes, despite being likely to benefit the most.
    • Since 2013, 12 countries have extended the length of compulsory education at either pre-primary or upper secondary level. As enrolment rates in the years before and after compulsory education are already generally high, these measures often aim to increase enrolment among disadvantaged groups, where rates are lower.
    • The vast majority of primary students are enrolled in public institutions, averaging 85% across OECD countries. In some countries, government-dependent private institutions are prevalent, which often function in similar ways to public institutions.
    • Gender disparities at the upper secondary level affect students’ pathways in the labour market and higher education. On average, 51% of graduates from upper secondary general programmes are female, but in vocational programmes female only make up 46% of graduates.
    • Family background strongly influences success in upper secondary education. In all countries with available data, students whose parents have lower educational attainment have substantially lower completion rates than students with a tertiary-educated parent. Completion rates for students with immigrant backgrounds are also lower than for non-immigrant students.
    • On average, women are over-represented in tertiary education, but they remain under-represented in some fields. Only 15% of female new entrants at tertiary level choose a science, technology, engineering or mathematics (STEM) field, compared to 41% of male new entrants. In contrast, only 4% of male entrants opted for the field of education and 8% for health and welfare, shares which have not changed since 2015.
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    • Expenditure per student increases with the educational level in nearly all OECD countries, although by how much varies substantially among countries. On average, expenditure per student amounts to about USD 11 900 at primary level, USD 13 300 at secondary level and USD 20 500 at tertiary level.
    • OECD countries spend, on average, the equivalent of 4.9% of their gross domestic product (GDP) (over USD 3.5 trillion in total) on educational institutions from primary to tertiary levels (including tertiary research and development). Iceland, Israel, Norway and the United Kingdom invest over 6% of their national output into education.
    • Private sources play a much more important role in funding tertiary education, relative to government sources, than at lower levels. On average, private sources of funding amount to 0.3% of GDP for primary to post-secondary non-tertiary institutions, with a similar percentage for tertiary institutions. In contrast, government funding amounts to 3.2% of GDP for primary to post-secondary non-tertiary institutions, well above the 1.0% of GDP that governments spend on tertiary institutions.
    • On average, across OECD countries, the government is the primary source of funding for both public and private primary schools. For public institutions, the government covers nearly all expenditure, amounting to about USD 11 900 per student, while it accounts for less than 60% of the costs for private ones, roughly USD 7 900 per student, on average. However, these figure vary considerably across countries.
    • Tuition fees for bachelor's degrees vary considerably from country to country. In one-third of the countries and other participants with data, public institutions either offer tuition-free education to national students or charge less than USD 1 100 per year in fees. In another third of countries, annual tuition fees are relatively modest, averaging between USD 1 400 and USD 3 100 per student. In the remaining countries, fees are considerably higher, exceeding USD 4 500 per year.
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    • Between 2013 and 2022, the ratio of children to teaching staff at pre-primary level fell across most countries, from 16:1 to 15:1 on average in OECD countries, due to fewer enrolled children and more teachers. In some countries, however, the ratio has increased due to rising child enrolment and teacher shortages.
    • In most OECD countries, the salaries of teachers increase with the level of education they teach. On average across OECD countries and other participants, the salaries of teachers with the most prevalent qualifications with 15 years of experience range from USD 52 631 at pre-primary level to USD 60 803 at upper secondary level.
    • Between 2015 and 2023, the statutory salaries of teachers at primary and secondary levels increased by 28-29% in nominal terms on average across OECD countries. When adjusted for changes in prices, the rise in real salaries was much smaller, at 4-5%.
    • Based on official regulations or agreements, teachers in public schools in OECD countries and other participants are required to teach on average 1 007 hours per year at pre-primary level, 773 hours at primary level, 706 hours at lower secondary level (general programmes) and 679 hours at upper secondary level (general programmes).
    • Of the 21 countries with available data, 18 reported that they faced teacher shortages at the start of the 2022/23 academic year, with only Greece, Korea and Türkiye not reporting any shortages.
    • The ageing of the teaching workforce is more pronounced in secondary schools than in primary education. On average across OECD countries, the share of older teachers (aged 50 and over) increases with the education level: from 34% in primary education to 36% in lower secondary and 41% in upper secondary education.
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    Key
    Diagram of funding flows - Peru

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    Country Reviews for Peru

    Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced by countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple most- or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in education must be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities, such as loans and grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey more and better content to students, but may hinder investments in other important areas. If you want further information on the nature of different variables, please take the time to read the analysis and contextual information, available at the website for each publication.
    All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/

    Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2018 for school year 2017/2018.

    *TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages. Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and Annex 3 of EAG 2021 for more details about the data collections.

    B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the People's Republic of China: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

    For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.