Country
Data profiles:
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Financial literacy (PISA 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2017) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
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Attainment
The level of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (50.6 %, rank 6/42 , 2021) Download Indicator
The level of below upper secondary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (14.7 %, rank 33/42 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (0.3 %, rank 26/34 , 2021) Download Indicator
Attainment by field of education
The percentage of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of educaton is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (6.7 %, rank 27/31 , 2021) Download Indicator
The percentage of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of humanities (except languages), social sciences, journalism and information is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (5.2 %, rank 27/29 , 2021) Download Indicator
The percentage of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (3.6 %, rank 25/31 , 2021) Download Indicator
The percentage of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the highest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (18.9 %, rank 10/31 , 2021) Download Indicator
Participation in education
The proportion of upper secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (67.8 %, rank 5/42 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of students in public tertiary educational institutions is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (52.5 %, rank 33/42 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of students in government-dependent private tertiary educational institutions is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (47.5 %, rank 5/22 , 2020) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of 40-64 year-olds in Finland is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.5 %, rank 2/40 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of part-time students in bachelor's programmes is relatively large. (25.9 %, rank 10/34 , 2018) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of part-time students in master's programmes is relatively large. (52.1 %, rank 2/34 , 2018) Download Indicator
The share of part-time students in doctoral programmes in Finland is relatively large. (100 %, rank 1/32 , 2018) Download Indicator
The share of students enrolled in programmes providing full completion and access to tertiary education among all students enrolled in upper secondary vocational programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the average age of new entrants in master's programmes is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (31.9 Years, rank 3/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of students aged 17 in vocational upper secondary programmes in Finland is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (43.2 %, rank 9/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of students aged 18 in general upper secondary programmes in Finland is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (51.5 %, rank 9/42 , 2020) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of students aged 18 in post-secondary non-tertiary programmes in Finland is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 23/30 , 2020) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of students aged 18 in vocational upper secondary programmes in Finland is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (43.1 %, rank 8/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of students aged 19 in post-secondary non-tertiary programmes in Finland is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 28/30 , 2020) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of students aged 20 in post-secondary non-tertiary programmes in Finland is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.1 %, rank 26/29 , 2020) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of students aged 20 in vocational upper secondary programmes in Finland is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (14 %, rank 6/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
The proportion of women among the new entrants in master's programmes in Finland is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (62.3 %, rank 5/39 , 2020) Download Indicator
Graduation
In Finland, the percentage of bachelor's or equivalent graduates in public institutions is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (38 %, rank 27/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of long first degree master's graduates in public institutions is relatively high in Finland. (100 %, rank 1/21 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of doctorate graduates in public institutions is relatively high in Finland. (100 %, rank 1/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of first-time bachelor's graduates is relatively high in Finland. (91.9 %, rank 10/31 , 2020) Download Indicator
Graduation by gender
The share of female graduates from upper secondary general programmes is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (55.8 %, rank 1/40 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of female graduates from upper secondary vocational programmes is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (54.3 %, rank 5/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of education is relatively low in Finland. (3.1 %, rank 33/41 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the proportion of male tertiary graduates in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is relatively small. (5.1 %, rank 33/41 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics is relatively high in Finland. (48.6 %, rank 3/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the percentage of female post-secondary non-tertiary graduates in the field of business, administration and law is relatively small. (53 %, rank 23/24 , 2020) Download Indicator
Graduation by age
The share of tertiary graduates younger than 30-years-old is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (76.6 %, rank 25/30 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the average age of post-secondary non-tertiary graduates from vocational programmes is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data (42.8 Years, rank 1/23 , 2020) Download Indicator
The average age of upper secondary graduates from vocational programmes in Finland is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data (30.1 Years, rank 4/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The average age of upper secondary graduates from general programmes in Finland is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data (19.3 Years, rank 10/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the percentage of first-time bachelor's graduates younger than 30 is relatively low. (75.2 %, rank 30/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
Graduation by field of education
The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of arts and humanities is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11.3 %, rank 8/40 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of information and communication technologies is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.5 %, rank 4/40 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of health and welfare is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19.6 %, rank 4/40 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the proportion of upper secondary vocational graduates in the field of health and welfare is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (21.4 %, rank 6/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the percentage of post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of health and welfare is relatively low. (10.5 %, rank 18/22 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the percentage of post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of services is relatively low. (9.2 %, rank 17/22 , 2020) Download Indicator
Fields of education
In Finland, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is relatively low. (4.7 %, rank 35/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of business, administration and law among all national tertiary students in Finland is relatively low. (17.5 %, rank 31/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland,the share of male among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in the field of education is relatively small. (19.7 %, rank 32/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland,the share of male among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in the field of natural sciences, mathematics ans statistics is relatively small. (46.9 %, rank 31/35 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (22.2 %, rank 27/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of health and welfare is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (85.8 %, rank 6/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (62.2 %, rank 1/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (26.8 %, rank 27/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in education in Finland is one of the largest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (87.9 %, rank 4/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in engineering, manufacturing and construction in Finland is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (25.8 %, rank 32/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in health and welfare in Finland is one of the largest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (80.8 %, rank 5/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in natural sciences, mathematics and statistics in Finland is one of the largest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (61.9 %, rank 6/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in Finland is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (31.1 %, rank 32/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (37.8 %, rank 36/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of male students entering master's or equivalent programmes in natural sciences, mathematics and statistics in Finland is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (38.1 %, rank 31/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of health and welfare is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (14.2 %, rank 31/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (73.2 %, rank 10/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of male students entering master's or equivalent programmes in education in Finland is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (12.1 %, rank 33/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of male students entering master's or equivalent programmes in engineering, manufacturing and construction in Finland is one of the largest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (74.2 %, rank 5/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of male students entering master's or equivalent programmes in health and welfare in Finland is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (19.2 %, rank 32/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of male students entering master's or equivalent programmes in Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in Finland is one of the largest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (68.9 %, rank 5/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is relatively low, compared to other countries with available data. (13.3 %, rank 28/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of health and welfare is relatively high, compared to other countries with available data. (20.5 %, rank 9/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of information and communication technologies is relatively high, compared to other countries with available data. (6.7 %, rank 6/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is relatively low. (15.3 %, rank 25/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
Student mobility
Finland has a large share of international students graduate from tertiary programmes compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (9.9 %, rank 9/29 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the proportion of new international entrants in master's long first degree (LFD) programmes is relatively low. (0.7 %, rank 20/21 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the percentage of international or foreign students coming from neighbouring countries is comparatively low . (11 Students, rank 36/45 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in master's programmes among women is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (8.2 %, rank 28/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
Student mobility by field of education
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of social sciences, journalism and information among all international or foreign tertiary students in Finland is relatively low. (4.1 %, rank 32/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of engineering, manunfacturing and construction among all international or foreign tertiary students in Finland is relatively high. (18.8 %, rank 8/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of students enrolled in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics among all international or foreign students is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (43.2 %, rank 3/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of students enrolled in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics among tertiary students is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (32.9 %, rank 4/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
Expenditure per student
Annual expenditure per student on research and development in tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8493 USD Equivalent, rank 6/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
Expenditure per student for ancillary services on tertiary education in Finland is comparatively low. (0 USD Equivalent, rank 24/25 , 2019) Download Indicator
The public expenditure on public educational institutions per full-time equivalent student at tertiary level is comparatively high in Finland. (24189 USD Equivalent, rank 4/35 , 2019) Download Indicator
Expenditure in education and national wealth
In Finland, public and private expenditure on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively high. (3.7 %, rank 10/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, private expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively low. (0 %, rank 34/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, private expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively low. (0.1 %, rank 31/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, public expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary to tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (5.1 %, rank 7/40 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, private expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary to tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively low. (0.1 %, rank 34/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the private expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds on primary to post-secondary non-tertiary level is low. (0 %, rank 26/28 , 2019) Download Indicator
From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure on educational institutions at primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary level is relatively low in Finland. (0.4 %, rank 27/32 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the international expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds on primary to tertiary education is high. (0.1 %, rank 8/30 , 2019) Download Indicator
The public expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds at primary to tertiary education is relatively high in Finland. (5.1 %, rank 5/27 , 2019) Download Indicator
The proportion of private expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds for primary to tertiary education is comparatively small in Finland. (0.1 %, rank 24/27 , 2019) Download Indicator
From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure on primary to tertiary education in Finland is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (-0.2 %, rank 30/32 , 2019) Download Indicator
From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure per full-time equivalent student on primary to tertiary education in Finland is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (-0.3 %, rank 29/31 , 2019) Download Indicator
At tertiary level, the public expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds is comparatively high in Finland. (1.4 %, rank 4/29 , 2019) Download Indicator
The private expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds on tertiary education is relatively low in Finland. (0.1 %, rank 19/28 , 2019) Download Indicator
From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure on tertiary education in Finland is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (-1.6 %, rank 31/32 , 2019) Download Indicator
From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure per full-time equivalent student on tertiary education in Finland is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (-2.1 %, rank 28/31 , 2019) Download Indicator
Public and private expenditure in education
The share of private expenditure on all levels below tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.7 %, rank 34/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
The share of private expenditure on tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.2 %, rank 37/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
Finland has one of the smallest shares of private expenditure on primary through tertiary educational institutions among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (1.7 %, rank 36/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
The share of public expenditure on educational institutions, for tertiary education is comparatively large. (90.4 %, rank 4/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of public expenditure on educational institutions, for primary to tertiary education is comparatively large. (96.7 %, rank 2/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the relative share of private expenditure from initial sources of funds on primary to post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.5 %, rank 26/28 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the relative share of public expenditure from initial source of funds at primary to tertiary education is relatively high . (96.9 %, rank 2/26 , 2019) Download Indicator
Compared to 2015, the share of total public expenditure from initial source of funds for primary to tertiary education is comparatively small in Finland. (97 Index, rank 33/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the relative share of private expenditure from initial source of funds for primary to tertiary education is relatively small. (1.5 %, rank 25/26 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the relative share of public expenditure from initial source of funds on tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (90.7 %, rank 3/27 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the relative share of private expenditure from initial source of funds on tertiary education is comparatively small. (4 %, rank 26/27 , 2019) Download Indicator
Compared to 2015, the share of total government expenditure is comparatively low in Finland. (102 Index, rank 35/42 , 2019) Download Indicator
Nature of expenditure
In Finland, the share of current expenditure on primary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (85.3 %, rank 30/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of current expenditure on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (87.7 %, rank 28/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of capital expenditure on secondary education is relatively in Finland. (10.8 %, rank 7/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of current expenditure on secondary education is relatively in Finland. (89.2 %, rank 27/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of capital expenditure on tertiary education is relatively in Finland. (4.5 %, rank 29/32 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of current expenditure on tertiary education is relatively in Finland. (95.5 %, rank 3/32 , 2019) Download Indicator
Teachers
The number of hours per year primary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively low in Finland. (680 Hours, rank 25/33 , 2021) Download Indicator
The number of hours per year lower secondary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively low in Finland. (595 Hours, rank 29/33 , 2021) Download Indicator
Who the teachers are
The share of women among teaching staff in tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (52.7 %, rank 4/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of women among teaching staff is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (74 %, rank 10/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of female teachers under 30 in lower secondary education is especially high in Finland. (72.2 %, rank 10/35 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of female teachers younger than 30 in tertiary education is relatively small . (44.8 %, rank 29/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of female teachers aged 50 or more in tertiary education is especially high in Finland. (52.3 %, rank 3/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of bachelor's, master's and doctoral level teachers aged between 30 and 49 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (45.9 %, rank 25/29 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of tertiary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (45.9 %, rank 28/32 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of tertiary teachers younger than 30 is relatively high, compared to other countries with data available. (9.4 %, rank 10/32 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of bachelor's, master's and doctoral level female teachers younger than 30 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (44.8 %, rank 26/30 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of bachelor's, master's and doctoral level female teachers older than 50 is relatively high, compared to other countries with data available. (52.3 %, rank 3/30 , 2019) Download Indicator
Teachers' salaries
The ratio of pre-primary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.67 Ratio, rank 14/19 , 2021) Download Indicator
The ratio of lower secondary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.98 Ratio, rank 7/23 , 2021) Download Indicator
The ratio of upper secondary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.1 Ratio, rank 4/23 , 2021) Download Indicator
The change between 2005 and 2013 in statutory salaries for lower secondary teachers with 15 years of experience and minimum training is comparatively small in Finland. (100 Index, rank 22/29 , 2021) Download Indicator
The average actual lower secondary teacher's salary among teachers aged between 25-64 is one of the highest per hour of net teaching time among OECD and partner countries with available data. (55666 USD Equivalent, rank 8/25 , 2021) Download Indicator
The average actual upper secondary teacher's salary among teachers aged between 25-64 is one of the highest per hour of net teaching time among OECD and partner countries with available data. (62714 USD Equivalent, rank 7/25 , 2021) Download Indicator
The salaries of 25-34 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is high in Finland. (1 Ratio, rank 6/19 , 2021) Download Indicator
The salaries of 55-64 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is high in Finland. (0.97 Ratio, rank 5/19 , 2021) Download Indicator
The average actual salaries of 55-64 year-old lower-secondary teachers is one of the highest in Finland. (58626 USD Equivalent, rank 7/21 , 2021) Download Indicator
Teachers' salaries progression
The salary progression from the start to the top of the salary scale for a lower secondary school teacher is among the least rewarding among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.31 Ratio, rank 26/33 , 2021) Download Indicator
The ratio of pre-primary teachers' salaries at the top of scale to their starting salary is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.1 Ratio, rank 26/27 , 2021) Download Indicator
It takes lower secondary teachers less time to progress through the salary scale in Finland compared to other OECD and partner countries. (20 Years, rank 19/28 , 2021) Download Indicator
In pre-primary education, the salary ratio of teachers with maximum qualifications at the top of the salary scale to those with minimum training and starting salaries is relatively low. (1.1 Ratio, rank 25/25 , 2021) Download Indicator
In lower secondary education, the salary ratio of teachers with maximum qualifications at the top of the salary scale to those with minimum training and starting salaries is comparatively low. (1.31 Ratio, rank 26/31 , 2021) Download Indicator
Principals' salaries
The average pre-primary school heads' actual salary is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (48109 USD Equivalent, rank 12/17 , 2021) Download Indicator
Ratio of student to teaching staff
The number of pupils per teacher in pre-primary schools is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.7 Ratio, rank 35/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
The ratio of students to teaching staff at the lower secondary level is especially low. (8.6 Ratio, rank 37/40 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the number of students per teacher in general upper secondary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (14.2 Ratio, rank 7/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
The ratio of students to teaching staff at the vocational upper secondary level is especially high in Finland. (19.3 Ratio, rank 3/30 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the number of students per teacher in public lower secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.5 Ratio, rank 37/40 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the number of students per teacher in all private secondary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19 Ratio, rank 5/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the number of students per teacher in government-dependent private institutions tertiary education is one of the highest among countries with available data. (17.5 Ratio, rank 2/13 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, the number of students per teacher in government-dependent private bachelor's, master's, doctoral or equivalent programmes is one of the highest among countries with available data. (17.5 Ratio, rank 2/9 , 2019) Download Indicator
Class size
Classes in lower secondary public institutions are comparatively small in Finland. (19 Students, rank 28/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Finland, classes in lower secondary education are comparatively small. (19 Students, rank 28/31 , 2019) Download Indicator
Employment and educational attainment
The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (87.7 %, rank 10/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with below upper secondary education is compartively low in Finland. (48.5 %, rank 37/42 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Finland, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (8.4 %, rank 38/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Finland, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (5 %, rank 31/38 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Finland, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (5.9 %, rank 32/39 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Finland, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (8.2 %, rank 35/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
Employment by gender and educational attainment
The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with below upper secondary education is compartively low in Finland. (56.8 %, rank 39/42 , 2021) Download Indicator
Employment by field of education
The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education who studied in the field of humanities (except languages), social sciences, journalism and information is high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (90.5 %, rank 3/29 , 2021) Download Indicator
Unemployment and educational attainment
The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds without upper secondary education is comparatively high. (13.8 %, rank 9/42 , 2021) Download Indicator
The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with below upper secondary education is high in Finland. (42.4 %, rank 5/41 , 2021) Download Indicator
Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively high in Finland. (5.3 %, rank 9/37 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Finland, the proportion of adults who have been unemployed for at least a year among all unemployed adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (27.4 %, rank 30/37 , 2021) Download Indicator
Earnings and educational attainment
The proportional difference in earnings between 25-64 year-old adults with tertiary education and those with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is quite low. (133.6 %, rank 32/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
Earnings of 25-64 year-old full- and part-time workers with a Bachelor's or equivalent education are comparatively low. (125.6 %, rank 26/31 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, earnings of 25-64 year-old workers with a bachelor's or equivalent education degree compared to those of workers with upper secondary education are comparatively to other countries low. (118.7 %, rank 28/32 , 2020) Download Indicator
Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 25-64 year-olds full- and part-time with below secondary education compared to those of adults with an upper secondary education are relatively high in Finland. (92 %, rank 3/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 25-64 year-olds with below secondary education compared to those of adults with an upper secondary education are relatively high in Finland. (99.9 %, rank 1/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, earnings of 25-64 year-old workers with a master's or equivalent education degree are comparatively low. (156 %, rank 25/32 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of worker earning more than twice the median among those with a short-cycle tertiary education degree is comparatively low. (8.9 %, rank 23/30 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of worker earning more than twice the median among those with a tertiary education degree is comparatively . (14.5 %, rank 29/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
Earnings by field of education
Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of tertiary-educated full- and part-time adults in Finland who studied in the field of business, administration and law, are low, when compared to earnings of adults with an upper secondary education. (101.9 %, rank 15/17 , 2020) Download Indicator
Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of tertiary-educated full- and part-time adults in Finland who studied in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics, are low, when compared to earnings of adults with an upper secondary education. (98.9 %, rank 11/16 , 2020) Download Indicator
Neither in education nor employed
In Finland, the share of women neither employed nor in education among 15-29 year-olds is relatively low. (11.4 %, rank 30/39 , 2021) Download Indicator
The share of young women neither employed nor in education or training (25-29 year-olds) in Finland is comparatively low . (14.4 %, rank 33/38 , 2021) Download Indicator
Participation in education by gender
The share of women among tertiary education new entrants is one of the largest compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (55.8 %, rank 8/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of female students entering doctoral or equivalent programmes in Finland is one of the largest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (56.3 %, rank 2/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
Entrance
The share of new entrants younger than 25 in bachelor's or equivalent programmes is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (73.8 %, rank 31/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The average age of new entrants in tertiary education in Finland is comparatively old. (23.4 Years, rank 7/32 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Finland, the share of first-time entrants into master's or equivalent programmes before the age of 30 is relatively low. (48 %, rank 34/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
General findings
- Tertiary attainment has increased strongly in most OECD countries among 25-34 year olds. The average share of younger adults with a tertiary degree has increased from 27% in 2000 to 48% in 2021.
- Higher educational attainment leads to better labour-market outcomes including higher wages and higher employment rates.
- Expenditure on tertiary education accounts for 1.5% of gross domestic product (GDP) on average across OECD countries or 30% of all education funding allocated to educational institutions.
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- Tertiary attainment has increased strongly in most OECD countries among 25-34 year-olds. The average share of younger adults with a tertiary degree has increased from 27% in 2000 to 48% in 2021. In this age group, the share of individuals with tertiary attainment is 7 percentage points higher than the share of individuals with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment on average across OECD countries. If current trends continue, a tertiary education will be the most common attainment among working-age adults on average across OECD countries within a few years.
- Higher educational attainment leads to better labour-market outcomes. In 2021, on average, employment rates for tertiary-educated young adults (25-34 year-olds) are 8 percentage points higher than those who have attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education and 26 percentage points higher than those who have attained below upper secondary education across OECD countries.
- Greater educational attainment yields better earnings and this holds true for higher levels of tertiary attainment in most countries. On average across the OECD, full-time full-year workers who attained short-cycle tertiary education earned 20% more than those with upper secondary attainment in 2020. This earnings advantage increases to 44% among those who attained a bachelor's or equivalent qualification and to 88% among those with a master's or doctoral or equivalent degree.
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- On average, the vast majority (88%) of children between the age of 3 and 5 are enrolled in early childhood education (ECE) across the OECD. In a few countries, it is also common for younger children between the age of 0 and 2 to participate in ECE and over 50% of children in this age group are enrolled. However, only 27% of under-threes are enrolled in ECE on average across the OECD.
- In almost all countries with available data, the majority of upper secondary graduates from general programmes are women. Men dominate graduation from vocational programmes in almost three-quarters of the countries.
- While the average age of first-time graduates from general upper secondary education does not differ much across countries, the difference widens in vocational education, ranging from 16 to 34 years.
- Around one-fifth of tertiary students are enrolled on a part-time basis, but large differences exist across OECD countries. Studying part-time is especially common in many Nordic countries, Australia, New Zealand and the United States, where more than 30% of students study part-time. However, in some countries like the Czech Republic, and Greece, less than 5% of students study part-time.
- Students are more likely to cross borders to pursue their studies as they reach more advanced levels of education. Internationally mobile students account for only 7% of bachelor's students, but 17% of master's students and 26% of doctoral students on average in OECD countries.
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- Total public spending on education (from primary to tertiary level) averages 10.6% of total government expenditure across OECD countries, from around 7% to 17%. The largest share of government funding is devoted to primary and secondary levels, explained by near-universal enrolment rates at those levels of education and the greater contribution of private sources at tertiary level.
- On average across OECD countries, expenditure on primary education amounts to 30% of the funding for educational institutions, while secondary education accounts for 39%.
- In 2019, OECD countries spent an average of USD 17 559 per student per year at the tertiary level. However, this average is driven up by high values in a few countries, reaching over USD 25 000 in Luxembourg, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.
- On average across OECD countries, 63% of total expenditure on tertiary educational institutions goes to core services (e.g. teachers' salaries, school buildings, teaching materials and administration), 33% on research and development activities, and 4% on ancillary services (e.g. meals and transport).
- Expenditure on tertiary education accounts for 1.5% of gross domestic product (GDP) on average across OECD countries or 30% of all education funding allocated to educational institutions.
- On average across OECD countries, public funds account for 83% of total spending on educational institutions. Private sources are more important at the tertiary level, where they make up 31% of all expenditure compared to just 10% at the non-tertiary levels (primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary).
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- Teachers' actual salaries at pre-primary, primary and general secondary level are 4-14% lower than the earnings of tertiary-educated workers on average across OECD countries and other participants. School heads' actual salaries are substantially higher than those of teachers across primary and secondary education.
- Teachers in public schools in OECD and partner countries are required to teach on average 987 hours per year at pre-primary level, 784 hours at primary level, 711 hours at lower secondary level (general programmes) and 684 hours at upper secondary level (general and vocational programmes).
- Typically, the duration of initial teacher education programmes varies from 3 years to 6.5 years, for prospective lower secondary teachers of general subjects. A tertiary qualification is awarded upon completion of the programme in most countries, regardless of the level of education at which the teacher will teach.
- Continuing professional development is compulsory to some extent for teachers of general subjects at least at one level of education in most countries with data, except Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands and New Zealand. It can be either generally compulsory for all teachers as a regular part of their work, or for some teachers for specific purposes such as promotion or salary increases, or in some cases, both.
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All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/
*TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages. Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and Annex 3 of EAG 2021 for more details about the data collections.
B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the People's Republic of China: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.