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Finland
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Data profiles:


Finland
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012)
  • The mean proficiency score of 16-65 year-olds in literacy is significantly above the average of the OECD countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). In numeracy and problem solving technology-rich environments, the mean proficiency score is significantly above the average.
  • The young adult population (25-34 year-olds),in Finland, scores at 309 in literacy, compared to 277 on average in the OECD countries participating in the Survey. In numeracy, they score at 302 (272 in average). In both domains, younger adults score higher than their older counterparts (55-65 year-olds).
  • In Finland, 8.7% of the adult population (16-65 year-olds) report no prior experience with computers or lack very basic computer skills. In contrast, 41.6% of the adult population score at the highest levels in problem solving in technology-rich environments.
  • In Finland, 10.6% of the adults score at the lowest levels in literacy and 12.8% score low in numeracy.
    • | Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) | Skills Matter: Additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills (2019) | Country Note |
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    The following list displays indicators for which your selected country shows the highest and lowest values among countries. The list can be sorted by level of education or by age group. All rankings are calculated including available data from OECD and partner countries. Find out more about the methodology here.

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    Literacy

    The mean literacy score is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (288 PIAAC Score, rank 2/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of adults scoring high (at Level 2 or 3) in Iiteracy is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (22.2 %, rank 2/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of adults scoring at or below level 1 in Iiteracy is low compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (10.6 %, rank 36/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Numeracy

    The mean numeracy score is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (282 PIAAC Score, rank 2/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of adults scoring high (at Level 2 or 3) in numeracy is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (19.4 %, rank 1/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of adults scoring at or below level 1 in numeracy is low compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (12.8 %, rank 36/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Problem solving in technology-rich environments

    The percentage of adults with missing values in the assessment of problem solving in technology-rich environments is low compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (0.1 %, rank 31/34 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of adults who had no computer experience is low compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (3.5 %, rank 31/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of adults scoring below Level 1 in problem solving in technology-rich environments is low compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (11 %, rank 29/34 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of adults scoring at Level 2 in problem solving in technology-rich environments is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (33.2 %, rank 5/34 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of adults scoring at Level 3 in problem solving in technology-rich environments is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (8.4 %, rank 3/34 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Skills differences between age groups

    The mean literacy score for young adults (16-24 year-olds) is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (297 PIAAC Score, rank 2/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean literacy score for young people aged between 25 and 34 is high compared to other countries participating in PIAAC. (309 PIAAC Score, rank 1/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean literacy score for people aged between 35 and 44 is high compared to other countries participating in PIAAC. (299 PIAAC Score, rank 2/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean literacy score for people aged between 45 and 54 is high compared to other countries participating in PIAAC. (284 PIAAC Score, rank 2/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean numeracy score for young adults (16-24 year-olds) is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (285 PIAAC Score, rank 2/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean numeracy score for young people aged between 25 and 34 is high compared to other countries participating in PIAAC. (302 PIAAC Score, rank 1/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean numeracy score for people aged between 35 and 44 is high compared to other countries participating in PIAAC. (292 PIAAC Score, rank 2/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean numeracy score for people aged between 45 and 54 is high compared to other countries participating in PIAAC. (279 PIAAC Score, rank 4/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean numeracy score for older adults (55-65 year-olds) is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (260 PIAAC Score, rank 9/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of young adults (25-34 year-olds) scoring high (at Level 2 or 3) in problem solving in technology-rich environments is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (67.5 %, rank 1/34 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Skills differences by gender

    The mean literacy score among men is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (286 PIAAC Score, rank 3/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean literacy score among women is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (289 PIAAC Score, rank 2/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean numeracy score among men is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (287 PIAAC Score, rank 4/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean numeracy score among women is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (277 PIAAC Score, rank 2/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of men scoring high (at Level 2 or 3) in problem solving in technology-rich environments is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (42.7 %, rank 5/34 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of women scoring at Level 2 or 3 in problem solving in technology-rich environments is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (40.4 %, rank 3/34 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Skills differences by level of education

    The mean literacy score for adults without upper secondary education is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (245 PIAAC Score, rank 7/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean literacy score for adults with an upper secondary education is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (276 PIAAC Score, rank 6/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean literacy score for adults with tertiary education is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (309 PIAAC Score, rank 3/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean numeracy score for adults without upper secondary education is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (244 PIAAC Score, rank 3/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean numeracy score for adults with an upper secondary education is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (271 PIAAC Score, rank 9/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean numeracy score for adults with tertiary education is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (305 PIAAC Score, rank 9/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of adults without upper secondary education scoring high (at Level 2 or 3) in problem solving in technology-rich environments is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (7.4 %, rank 8/32 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of adults with an upper secondary education scoring high (at Level 2 or 3) in problem solving in technology-rich environments is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (25.1 %, rank 9/34 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of adults with tertiary education scoring high (at Level 2 or 3) in problem solving in technology-rich environments is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (56 %, rank 5/34 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Skills by parents' educational attainment

    The mean literacy score for adults whose parents had not attained upper secondary education is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (270 PIAAC Score, rank 3/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean literacy score with at least one parent with upper secondary education is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (295 PIAAC Score, rank 2/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean literacy score with at least one parent with tertiary education is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (311 PIAAC Score, rank 1/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean numeracy score for adults whose parents had not attained upper secondary education is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (267 PIAAC Score, rank 3/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean numeracy score with at least one parent with upper secondary education is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (288 PIAAC Score, rank 1/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The mean numeracy score with at least one parent with tertiary education is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (304 PIAAC Score, rank 2/37 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of adults whose parents had not attained upper secondary education scoring high (at Level 2 or 3) in problem solving in technology-rich environments is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (20.7 %, rank 7/34 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of adults with at least one parent with upper secondary education scoring high (at Level 2 or 3) in problem solving in technology-rich environments is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (50 %, rank 2/34 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The percentage of adults with at least one parent with tertiary education scoring high (at Level 2 or 3) in problem solving in technology-rich environments is high compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (67.8 %, rank 1/34 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Adults' skills

    The percentage of adults scoring at or below level 1 in literacy and/or numeracy is low compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (8.1 %, rank 35/37 , 2018) Download Indicator


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    General findings
    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
      Literacy is defined as the ability to understand, evaluate, use and engage with written texts in order to participate in society, achieve one's goals, and develop one's knowledge and potential. As measured by the Survey of Adult Skills, literacy encompasses a range of skills, from decoding written words and sentences to understanding, interpreting and evaluating complex texts. It does not, however, involve producing text (writing). Given the growing importance of digital devices and applications as a means of generating, accessing and storing written text, reading digital texts (e.g. texts containing hyper-text and navigation features, such as scrolling or clicking on links) is an integral part of literacy.

    • The average literacy score for the OECD countries participating in the assessment is 266 points. Japan (296 points) has the highest average level of proficiency in literacy followed by Finland (288 points) and the Netherlands (284 points). Chile (220 points), Mexico (222 points) and Turkey (227 points) recorded the lowest average scores among countries. Ecuador and Peru had an even lower average score (196 points). An adult with average literacy proficiency can successfully complete tasks that require paraphrasing, low-level inferences, and matching between the digital or printed text and information.
    • The mean literacy score among 25-34 year-olds is 277 score points, 11 points higher than that for all adults (266 score points). Among the different age groups, 25-34 year-olds have the highest average literacy proficiency, while 55-64 year-olds have the lowest average proficiency (248 score points). While there are some countries/economies where 16-24 year-olds scored higher than 25-34 year-olds, the differences in proficiency between these two age groups are generally small, at less than five score points in Ecuador, Kazakhstan, Mexico and Peru. In most countries/economies, however, 25-34 year-olds have higher average proficiency than 16-24 year-olds, with a difference of about seven points in Israel and New Zealand, and well above 10 points in England (United Kingdom), Finland and the United states.  The literacy proficiency of 55-65 year-olds is particularly low in Chile, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru.
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In general, proficiency in literacy peaks at around age 30.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Main Elements of the Survey of Adult Skills | Education policies: Skills | Education policies: Gender | 
    
                            
    
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      Numeracy is defined as the ability to access, use, interpret and communicate mathematical information and ideas in order to engage in and manage the mathematical demands of a range of situations in adult life.

    • The average score in numeracy among the OECD countries participating in the assessment is 262 points. Japan has the highest average level of proficiency in numeracy (288 points), followed by Finland (282 points). Peru (178 points), Ecuador (185 points), Chile (206 points), and Mexico (210 points) recorded the lowest average scores. An adult with average proficiency in numeracy can successfully complete tasks that require the application of two or more steps or processes involving calculating with whole numbers and common decimals, percentages and fractions; simple measurement and spatial representation; estimation; and interpreting relatively simple data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs.
    • The mean numeracy score among 25-34 year-olds is 272 score points, 10 points higher than that for all adults (262 score points). Among the different age groups, 25-34 year-olds have the highest average numeracy proficiency, while 55-64 year-olds have the lowest average proficiency (245 score points).
    • In general, proficiency in numeracy peaks at around age 30.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Main Elements of the Survey of Adult Skills | Education policies: Skills | Education policies: Gender | 
    
                            
    
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      Problem solving in technology-rich environments is defined as the ability to use digital technology, communication tools and networks to acquire and evaluate information, communicate with others and perform practical tasks. The survey assesses adults' ability to solve problems by establishing appropriate goals and plans, and accessing and using information through computers and computer networks.

    • In nearly all countries, at least 10% of adults have trouble using digital technology, communication tools and networks to acquire and evaluate information, communicate with others and perform practical tasks. Across participating countries, 12% of adults reported having no prior computer experience and a further 4.7% of adults lack the most elementary computer skills, such as the ability to use a mouse. Only 5.1% of adults demonstrate the highest level of proficiency (Level 3) in problem solving in technology-rich environments, where tasks require the ability to use a wider range of applications in less familiar contexts, and to solve problems involving complex pathways to solutions that require navigating around impasses.
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Given that the widespread use of ICTs is a relatively recent phenomenon, younger adults were clearly in a position of relative advantage compared to older adults. On average, some 43% of 25-34 year-olds can solve more complex problems using computers (i.e. those tasks at proficiency Level 2 or 3 in the problem-solving assessment), compared to only 10% of older adults. However, proficiency in problem solving in technology-rich environments among younger adults varies widely across countries. In Ecuador, Mexico, Peru and Turkey, between 7% and 13% of 25-34 year-old respondents scored at Level 2 or 3, compared to 55% or more in Denmark, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore and Sweden, and to 67% in Finland. 
    • In general, proficiency in problem solving in technology-rich environments peaks at around age 25.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Main Elements of the Survey of Adult Skills | PISA 2015 Results (Volume V): Collaborative Problem Solving | Education policies: Skills | Education policies: Gender | 
    
                            
    
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            Diagram of funding flows - Finland
            
    
            
    
        
    


        
		
    
            
    
			Click on the coverpage to see the full OECD iLibrary version
			
    
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            Country Reviews for Finland
            
    
            
    
			
    
        
    
		
              
              
              
              
              
        
    
            Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced
            by countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple
            most- or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in
            education must be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities, 
			such as loans and grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey
            more and better content to students, but may hinder investments in other important
            areas. If you want further information on the nature of different variables, please
            take the time to read the analysis and contextual information, available at the website
            for each publication.
    
            All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. 
            The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/
            

    
			Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some 
			countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2018 for school year 2017/2018.  
			

    
	    *TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. 
		This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages.
		Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and 
		Annex 3 
		of EAG 2021 for more details about the data collections.
            

    
			B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the People's Republic of China:
Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
			

    
            For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.