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Czechia
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Czechia
Overview of the education system (EAG 2023)
  • In the Czech Republic, 73% are enrolled in upper secondary education. A further 12% are enrolled in lower secondary programmes and 6% in tertiary programmes. This compares to an OECD average of 59% enrolled in upper secondary education, 12% in lower secondary programmes and 12% in tertiary programmes.
  • In the Czech Republic,24% of 25-34 year-olds have a vocational education and training (VET) qualification at upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary level as their highest level of attainment.
  • Although an upper secondary qualification is often the minimum attainment needed for successful labour-market participation,7% of 25-34 year-olds in the Czech Republic have not attained an upper secondary qualification, lower than the OECD average (14%).
  • Workers in the Czech Republic aged 25-34 with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment earn 43% more than those without upper secondary attainment, whereas the earning advantage for workers with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment is 29%.
  • Across all levels from primary to tertiary education, the Czech Republic spends USD 11 846 annually per full-time equivalent student (adjusted for purchasing power and including expenditure on research and development), compared to the OECD average of USD 12 647.
  • In the Czech Republic, in full-time equivalent terms, there are 10 students per staff member in general upper secondary programmes (OECD average: 14 students per staff member) and 10 students for every teaching staff member in vocational upper secondary programmes (OECD average: 15 students per staff member).
  • In the Czech Republic,53% of teachers in general upper secondary programmes are aged 50 or older, compared to the OECD average of 39%.Teachers in vocational programmes are on average the same age as their general programme peers.
    • | Education at a Glance 2023 | Country Note | Annexes from Education at a Glance 2023 | OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics 2018 | OECD Education Policy Outlook: Czech Republic | Ministerstvo skolství, mládeze a telovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport) | Ceský statistický úrad (Czech Statistical Office) |
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    The following list displays indicators for which your selected country shows the highest and lowest values among countries. The list can be sorted by level of education or by age group. All rankings are calculated including available data from OECD and partner countries. Find out more about the methodology here.

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    Attainment

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained only pre-primary or primary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 43/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.3 %, rank 36/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (58.1 %, rank 1/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.6 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (67.8 %, rank 1/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary qualification is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (32.6 %, rank 10/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained a general upper secondary or post-secondary qualification is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (35.2 %, rank 3/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the lowest percentages of 25-64 year-old adults with less than primary education. (0.2 %, rank 29/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the lowest percentages of 25-64 year-olds whose highest education level is a short-cycle tertiary education degree. (0.1 %, rank 36/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of 25-64 year-olds who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (6.8 %, rank 42/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who attained a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (0.7 %, rank 29/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-olds who have attained a general degree at the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (34.5 %, rank 4/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The level of short-cycle tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.1 %, rank 32/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The level of short-cycle tertiary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 33/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (13.3 %, rank 38/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (20.7 %, rank 7/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Attainment by gender

    The proportion of 25-34 year-old men who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (92.6 %, rank 7/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-34 year-old men who have attained tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (26.7 %, rank 37/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the smallest shares of 25-64 year-old men whose highest education level is a short-cycle tertiary education degree. (0.2 %, rank 35/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the smallest shares of 25-64 year-old women whose highest education level is a short-cycle tertiary education degree. (0.1 %, rank 36/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of 25-64 year-old men who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (4.9 %, rank 42/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old women who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (8.8 %, rank 39/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.4 %, rank 38/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.9 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old women who attained below upper secondary education in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.3 %, rank 42/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 55-64 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.5 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 55-64 year-old women who attained below upper secondary education in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.4 %, rank 40/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the smallest share of women among 25-34 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education. (33.7 %, rank 31/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the smallest share of women among 55-64 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education. (41.8 %, rank 29/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of 25-34 year-old women who have attained a short cycle tertiary degree is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data (0.2 %, rank 29/31 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of 25-34 year-old men who have attained a short cycle tertiary degree is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data (0.1 %, rank 31/31 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Czechia is one of the highest among countries with available data. (33.3 %, rank 3/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Czechia is one of the highest among countries with available data. (35.7 %, rank 4/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Entrance

    The share of women among tertiary education new entrants is one of the largest compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (56.4 %, rank 8/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of female students entering doctoral or equivalent programmes in Czechia is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (45.1 %, rank 34/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the average age of new entrants in master's programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (24.4 Years, rank 34/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of first-time entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (0.8 %, rank 26/27 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Entrance by field of education and gender

    The share of female who enter tertiary education in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (62.5 %, rank 34/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of female among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in the field of health and welfare is relatively small. (56.1 %, rank 32/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in information and communication technologies in Czechia is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (17.3 %, rank 34/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of health and welfare is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (12.8 %, rank 37/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Participation in education

    The enrolment rate among 15-19 year-olds in Czechia is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (90.9 %, rank 8/42 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The proportion of upper secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (69.1 %, rank 3/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of upper secondary 15-19-year-old students enrolled in vocational programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (70.6 %, rank 1/43 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of students aged 17 in vocational upper secondary programmes in Czechia is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (67 %, rank 1/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of students aged 18 in vocational upper secondary programmes in Czechia is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (60.4 %, rank 1/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of students aged 19 tertiary programmes in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 28/34 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of students aged 19 in vocational upper secondary programmes in Czechia is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (33.1 %, rank 4/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of students aged 20 tertiary programmes in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 29/34 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate of students aged 20 in vocational upper secondary programmes in Czechia is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11 %, rank 10/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of students enrolled in private institutions at all early childhood education level is comparatively low. (4.1 %, rank 70/72 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of students enrolled in private institutions at pre-primary level is comparatively low. (4.1 %, rank 84/86 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the smallest shares of lower secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes. (0.5 %, rank 18/23 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of lower secondary vocational students among vocational students is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (0.8 %, rank 16/18 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, upper secondary vocational students among all vocational students are relatively more numerous than in other OECD or partner countries. (97.1 %, rank 2/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    (27.9 %, rank 30/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of post-secondary non-tertiary students enrolled in programmes giving full level completion without access to tertiary education is relatively small compared to other OECD or partner contries. (52 %, rank 13/14 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Students enrolled in programmes providing full completion and access to tertiary education among all students enrolled in post-secondary non-tertiary vocational programmes are proportionally less in Czechia than in the other countries. (48 %, rank 14/20 , 2021) Download Indicator

    in Czechia, the share of post-secondary non-tertiary students among all vocational students is relatively small compared to other OECD and partner countries. (1.7 %, rank 23/26 , 2021) Download Indicator

    (100 %, rank 1/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    (0.4 %, rank 28/31 , 2021) Download Indicator

    (22.6 %, rank 29/35 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Czechia has a share of short-cycle tertiary students enrolled in programmes giving full level completion with access to tertiary education that is higher than other OECD and partner countries; (100 %, rank 1/32 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in upper secondary programmes in Czechia is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (72.6 %, rank 4/45 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in upper secondary vocational programmes in Czechia is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (51.3 %, rank 2/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in short-cycle tertiary programmes in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 28/34 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of two-year-olds in pre-primary education in Czechia is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11.3 %, rank 8/80 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 20-24 in short-cycle tertiary programmes in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.1 %, rank 29/34 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The enrolment rate among students aged 20-24 in master's programmes in Czechia is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11.7 %, rank 6/41 , 2021) Download Indicator

    (0.2 %, rank 5/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of four-year-olds in primary education in Czechia is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 6/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of female students enrolled in post-secondary non-tertiary programmes is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (49 %, rank 22/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of female students enrolled in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (62.4 %, rank 5/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Graduation

    The average age of graduates from general programmes at the upper secondary level in Czechia is comparatively high. (19.5 Years, rank 8/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of first-time graduates in vocational programmes at upper secondary level is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (71 %, rank 2/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of long first degree master's graduates in public institutions is relatively high in Czechia. (100 %, rank 1/25 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of doctorate graduates in public institutions is relatively high in Czechia. (99.6 %, rank 10/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of first-time short-cycle graduates is relatively low in Czechia. (1 %, rank 26/28 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of first-time graduates in vocational programmes at post-secondary non-tertiary level is comparatively small. (48.3 %, rank 25/25 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of first-time graduates in general programmes at upper secondary level is comparatively low. (29 %, rank 38/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The average age of short-cycle tertiary graduates in Czechia is among the youngest. (24.5 Years, rank 20/26 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Graduation by gender

    Among OECD and partner countries with available data, Czechia has one of the largest shares of women graduates from tertiary programmes. (61.5 %, rank 4/34 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of female graduates among post-secondary non-tertiary graduates from vocational programmes in Czechia is relatively low. (48.9 %, rank 19/27 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of female first-time graduates in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (64.8 %, rank 4/28 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of female first-time bachelor's graduates is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (61.6 %, rank 7/34 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education

    The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.8 %, rank 38/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of short-cycle tertiary vocational graduates in the field of arts and humanities is relatively high compared to other OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (100 %, rank 1/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of short-cycle tertiary vocational graduates in the field of business, administration and law is relatively low compared to other OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (0 %, rank 32/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of short-cycle tertiary vocational graduates in the field of STEM is relatively low compared to other OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (0 %, rank 36/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of short-cycle tertiary vocational graduates in the field of health and welfare is relatively low compared to other OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (0 %, rank 34/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of short-cycle tertiary vocational graduates in the field of services is relatively low compared to other OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (0 %, rank 32/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.9 %, rank 38/45 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent graduates in the field of services is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.2 %, rank 4/45 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Graduation by field of education and gender

    The proportion of female tertiary graduates in social sciences, business and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (19.2 %, rank 36/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of female doctoral graduates in the field of business, administration and law is relatively low. (41.7 %, rank 35/43 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of female doctoral graduates in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is relatively low. (23.2 %, rank 38/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of male tertiary graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.1 %, rank 39/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of female graduates from upper secondary vocational programmes in the field health and welfare is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries. (90.7 %, rank 4/34 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of arts and humanities is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (69.5 %, rank 8/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (33.4 %, rank 10/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Fields of education

    In Czechia, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of business, administration and law is relatively low. (19 %, rank 34/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of business, administration and law is relatively small. (0 %, rank 31/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of information and communication technologies is relatively small. (0 %, rank 29/32 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is relatively small. (0 %, rank 33/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in field of health and welfare is relatively small. (0 %, rank 30/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is relatively high, compared to other countries with available data. (21.1 %, rank 9/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of health and welfare is relatively low, compared to other countries with available data. (10.9 %, rank 28/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is relatively low, compared to other countries with available data. (7.7 %, rank 29/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics is comparatively low in Czechia, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 33/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of services is one of the low among countries with available data. (0 %, rank 28/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Student mobility

    Czechia has a large share of international students graduate from tertiary programmes compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (15.1 %, rank 6/32 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Czechia has one of the largest proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in tertiary education among OECD and partner countries with available data. (15.6 %, rank 7/44 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, international or foreign students from Europe are most represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (77.8 %, rank 7/43 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of international graduates among bachelor's first-time graduates is relatively high. (11 %, rank 7/32 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in bachelor's programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (13.1 %, rank 6/41 , 2021) Download Indicator

    (15 %, rank 5/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    (14.4 %, rank 5/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Student mobility by field of education

    The percentage of students enrolled in the field of information and communication technologies among all international or foreign tertiary students in Czechia is relatively high. (6.6 %, rank 10/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of international doctoral graduates in the field of Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (33.2 %, rank 8/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of students enrolled in the field of agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary among all international or foreign tertiary students is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (3.3 %, rank 8/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Adult learning

    In Czechia, the percentage of training costs as a share of total costs in all entreprises in 2020, is one of the among the other OECD and partners countries with available data. (0.9 %, rank 16/23 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Adult participation in non-formal education

    In Czechia, the share of unemployed 25-64 year-olds participating in at least one job-related non-formal education and training over the 4 weeks prior to the interview is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.6 %, rank 19/19 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of 25-64 year-olds without an upper secondary education participating in non-formal job-related education and training over the 4 weeks prior to the interview is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partners countries with available data. (2.1 %, rank 17/20 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Resources for education

    In Czechia, the salary cost of primary teachers per student is comparatively low. (2099 USD Equivalent, rank 23/24 , 2017) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the salary cost of lower-secondary teachers per student is comparatively low. (3024 USD Equivalent, rank 21/24 , 2017) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student

    Annual expenditure per student in post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2221 USD Equivalent, rank 19/21 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Expenditure per student for ancillary services on tertiary education in Czechia is comparatively low. (102 USD Equivalent, rank 22/27 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the average annual growth in the number of full-time equivalent student (2012 to 2020) at primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary level is comparatively high. (1.1 %, rank 7/45 , 2020) Download Indicator

    The share of current expenditure for primary to tertiary education in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (-3.4 %, rank 41/45 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Expenditure in education and national wealth

    In Czechia, expenditure on primary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively low. (1.1 %, rank 31/39 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, expenditure on secondary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively high. (2.3 %, rank 9/39 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, expenditure on tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively low. (1.1 %, rank 33/40 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, international expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (0 %, rank 3/33 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, total expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high compared to 2015. (128 Index, rank 2/36 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP for primary to tertiary education is high compared to 2015. (119 Index, rank 2/36 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Compared to 2010, from 2012 to 2020, the average annual growth in total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student at primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary level is relatively large in Czechia. (3 Index, rank 9/37 , 2020) Download Indicator

    From 2012 to 2020, the average annual growth in total expenditure on primary to tertiary education in Czechia is one of the high among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.9 %, rank 8/35 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, international expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds on tertiary education is relatively large. (0.1 %, rank 5/34 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of capital expenditure on post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (-1 %, rank 31/35 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Government and private expenditure in education

    The share of public expenditure on tertiary educational institutions is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.8 %, rank 38/46 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, total public expenditure on primary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively low. (2.1 %, rank 39/46 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, total public expenditure on secondary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively high. (4.6 %, rank 10/45 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, total public expenditure on post-secondary non-tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively low. (0 %, rank 17/25 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, international expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of total expenditure on primary to tertiary education is relatively high. (1.7 %, rank 8/33 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Compared to 2015, the share of total public expenditure from initial source of funds for primary to tertiary education is comparatively largest in Czechia. (135 Index, rank 3/41 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Teachers

    The number of hours per year primary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively low in Czechia. (630 Hours, rank 29/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The number of days of instruction in a school year in lower secondary public school is especially high. (191 Days, rank 6/31 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The number of hours per year pre-primary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively high in Czechia. (1308 Hours, rank 6/27 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Who the teachers are

    The share of women among teaching staff in pre-primary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (99.5 %, rank 4/42 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in primary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (94.2 %, rank 4/45 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in lower secondary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (77.3 %, rank 7/41 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (41.5 %, rank 19/21 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in tertiary education (bachelor's, master's, doctorate or equivalent education) is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (37.7 %, rank 29/34 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff in tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (37.9 %, rank 36/42 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of women among teaching staff is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (75.8 %, rank 10/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers younger than 30 is especially low. (7.1 %, rank 30/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of upper secondary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is especially low. (42.9 %, rank 34/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is especially low. (48.1 %, rank 30/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers older than 50 is especially high. (44.8 %, rank 9/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Females under 30 represent a small proportion of teachers in upper secondary education in Czechia. (49 %, rank 37/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of female teachers aged 50 or more in lower secondary education is especially high in Czechia. (80.5 %, rank 5/37 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of teachers aged 50 or more in pre-primary education is especially high in Czechia (41.3 %, rank 4/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of teachers aged between 30 and 49 in pre-primary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (42.2 %, rank 32/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of male teachers in pre-primary education is especially low in Czechia. (0.5 %, rank 38/42 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In upper secondary education, the percentage of teachers aged 50 or more is particularly high in Czechia. (52.9 %, rank 5/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The percentage of teachers under 30 in Czechia is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.2 %, rank 30/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of upper secondary general education teachers aged between 30 and 49 is relatively low, compared to the other countries with available data. (42.9 %, rank 28/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of upper secondary vocational education teachers aged 50 or more is relatively high, compared to the other countries with available data. (52.9 %, rank 5/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of teachers under 30 in upper secondary vocational education is especially low in Czechia. (4.2 %, rank 24/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the percentage of teachers aged between 30 and 49 in upper secondary vocational education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (42.9 %, rank 25/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries

    After 15 years of experience, a lower secondary teacher with minimum qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (29180 USD Equivalent, rank 29/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, an upper secondary teacher with minimum qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (29180 USD Equivalent, rank 30/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a pre-primary teacher with minimum qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (26108 USD Equivalent, rank 23/28 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The ratio of pre-primary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.63 Ratio, rank 19/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The ratio of lower secondary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.79 Ratio, rank 20/26 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The ratio of upper secondary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.83 Ratio, rank 18/26 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the change in statutory lower secondary education teachers' salaries with 15 years of experience, based on most prevalent qualifications at different points in teachers' careers is relatively large. (128 Index, rank 2/30 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual pre-primary teacher's salary among teachers aged between 25-64 is one of the lowest per hour of net teaching time among OECD and partner countries with available data. (30379 USD Equivalent, rank 19/24 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual primary teacher's salary among teachers aged between 25-64 is one of the lowest per hour of net teaching time among OECD and partner countries with available data. (38287 USD Equivalent, rank 20/28 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual lower secondary teacher's salary among teachers aged between 25-64 is one of the lowest per hour of net teaching time among OECD and partner countries with available data. (38057 USD Equivalent, rank 21/28 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual upper secondary teacher's salary among teachers aged between 25-64 is one of the lowest per hour of net teaching time among OECD and partner countries with available data. (40051 USD Equivalent, rank 20/28 , 2022) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a lower secondary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (29180 USD Equivalent, rank 31/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, an upper secondary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (29180 USD Equivalent, rank 31/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a pre-primary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (26108 USD Equivalent, rank 25/28 , 2022) Download Indicator

    After 15 years of experience, a primary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the lowest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (29099 USD Equivalent, rank 31/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The ratio of lower secondary male teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year men workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.69 Ratio, rank 15/21 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salary of 25-64 year-old lower secondary female teachers is one of the lowest per hour of net teaching time among OECD and partner countries with available data. (38124 USD Equivalent, rank 19/23 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salary 25-64 year-old lower secondary teachers is one of the lowest per hour of net teaching time among OECD and partner countries with available data. (37819 USD Equivalent, rank 18/23 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The salaries of 25-34 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is low in Czechia. (0.86 Ratio, rank 15/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The salaries of 35-44 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is low in Czechia. (0.71 Ratio, rank 18/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 35-44 year-old lower-secondary teachers is one of the lowest in Czechia. (36598 USD Equivalent, rank 19/24 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 45-54 year-old lower-secondary teachers is one of the lowest in Czechia. (39596 USD Equivalent, rank 19/24 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 55-64 year-old lower-secondary teachers is one of the lowest in Czechia. (41380 USD Equivalent, rank 19/24 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Teachers' salaries progression

    The salary progression from the start to the top of the salary scale for a lower secondary school teacher is among the least rewarding among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.32 Ratio, rank 27/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Salaries of primary school teachers with minimum training after 10 years of experience are especially low. (27886 USD Equivalent, rank 28/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Salaries of primary school teachers with minimum training at the top of scale are especially low. (34353 USD Equivalent, rank 28/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Salaries of lower secondary teachers with minimum training after 10 years of experience are especially low. (27967 USD Equivalent, rank 28/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Salaries of upper secondary teachers with minimum training at the top of scale are especially low. (34515 USD Equivalent, rank 31/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Salaries of pre-primary teachers with minimum training at the top of scale are especially low. (29099 USD Equivalent, rank 24/28 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The ratio of pre-primary teachers' salaries at the top of scale to their starting salary is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.18 Ratio, rank 24/28 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In pre-primary education, the salary ratio of teachers with maximum qualifications at the top of the salary scale to those with minimum training and starting salaries is relatively low. (1.18 Ratio, rank 22/25 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In lower secondary education, the salary ratio of teachers with maximum qualifications at the top of the salary scale to those with minimum training and starting salaries is comparatively low. (1.32 Ratio, rank 26/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In upper secondary education, the salary ratio of teachers with maximum qualifications at the top of the salary scale to those with minimum training and starting salaries is relatively low. (1.31 Ratio, rank 27/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Principals' salaries

    Pre-primary 25-64 year-old school heads' salaries relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is low in Czechia. (0.91 Ratio, rank 13/17 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 25-64 year-old pre-primary school heads is one of the lowest in Czechia. (43890 USD Equivalent, rank 15/19 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 25-64 year-old lower secondary education school heads is one of the lowest in Czechia. (59306 USD Equivalent, rank 18/24 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average upper-secondary school heads' actual salary is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (63437 USD Equivalent, rank 17/24 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the average actual salaries of 25-34 year-old lower-secondary school heads is relatively low compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (51208 USD Equivalent, rank 12/17 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of 55-64 year-old lower secondary school heads is one of the lowest in Czechia. (61816 USD Equivalent, rank 17/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of lower secondary men school heads aged 25 to 64 is one of the lowest in Czechia. (60703 USD Equivalent, rank 17/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The average actual salaries of lower secondary women school heads aged 25 to 64 is one of the lowest in Czechia. (58614 USD Equivalent, rank 17/22 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Ratio of student to teaching staff

    The number of students per teacher in primary schools is one of the highest among OECD countries and partner countries with available data. (17.5 Ratio, rank 10/46 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the upper secondary level is especially low. (10.4 Ratio, rank 34/43 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the number of students per teacher in general upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (10.4 Ratio, rank 30/36 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the number of students per teacher in government-dependent private institutions tertiary education is one of the highest among countries with available data. (14.1 Ratio, rank 10/14 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the number of students per teacher in government-dependent private short-cycle tertiary education is one of the highest among countries with available data. (11.6 Ratio, rank 8/10 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the number of students per teacher in private bachelor's, master's, doctoral or equivalent programmes is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (16.1 Ratio, rank 21/26 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the number of students per teacher in government-dependent private bachelor's, master's, doctoral or equivalent programmes is one of the highest among countries with available data. (14.2 Ratio, rank 7/9 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the number of students per teacher in independent private bachelor's, master's, doctoral or equivalent programmes is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (16.6 Ratio, rank 15/19 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of teachers' aides among contact staff in pre-primary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (10.3 Ratio, rank 12/17 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Organisation of the education system

    The total compulsory instruction time for primary students in Czechia is one of the shortest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3434 Hours, rank 29/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the total intended instruction time for primary students (in hours per year) is one of the shortest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3434 Hours, rank 22/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    The total compulsory instruction time for lower secondary students in Czechia is one of the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3550 Hours, rank 10/38 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, total intended instruction time for lower secondary students is among the longest compared to other countries with available data. (3550 Hours, rank 8/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, total intended instruction time for primary and lower secondary students (in hours per year) is among the shortest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6984 Hours, rank 21/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the intended instruction time for primary students, in hours per year, is one of the shortest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (687 Hours, rank 23/30 , 2023) Download Indicator

    Classes in in private primary institutions are comparatively small in Czechia. (15 Students, rank 28/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Classes in lower secondary private institutions are comparatively small in Czechia. (16 Students, rank 27/33 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In government-dependent private institutions at primary education level, the average class size is relatively small in Czechia among OECD and other partner countries with available data. (15 Students, rank 16/18 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In government-dependent private institutions at lower secondary level, classes are one of the smallest in Czechia among OECD and partner countries with available data. (16 Students, rank 16/19 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Employment and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively high. (85 %, rank 2/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (90.9 %, rank 31/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with tertiary education is compartively low in Czechia. (77.6 %, rank 40/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-olds with tertiary education is compartively high in Czechia. (88.8 %, rank 2/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 55-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively high in Czechia. (71.5 %, rank 10/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (80.3 %, rank 7/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a short-cycle tertiary education is comparatively high. (89.7 %, rank 5/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Czechia. (73.5 %, rank 40/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Czechia. (87.2 %, rank 20/26 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Czechia. (79.9 %, rank 37/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Employment by gender and educational attainment

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old men with tertiary education is comparatively high. (96 %, rank 1/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with tertiary education is compartively high in Czechia. (93.8 %, rank 6/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is compartively low in Czechia. (66.8 %, rank 42/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low (60.4 %, rank 32/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively high (96.1 %, rank 1/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of employed 25-64 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (79.8 %, rank 2/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of employed 25-64 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (94.3 %, rank 1/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of employed 25-64 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (88.9 %, rank 9/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Czechia compared to other countries with available data. (61.9 %, rank 29/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high in Czechia. (96.3 %, rank 1/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Unemployment and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (2.1 %, rank 42/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low. (1.2 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (2 %, rank 37/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low. (0.7 %, rank 40/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (2 %, rank 43/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low. (0.9 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (0.9 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (1 %, rank 36/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (0.7 %, rank 21/21 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (2.5 %, rank 29/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (1.5 %, rank 36/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (2.7 %, rank 31/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (1.6 %, rank 36/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Czechia. (0.9 %, rank 42/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in Czechia. (1.5 %, rank 33/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Unemployment by gender and educational attainment

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (1.5 %, rank 42/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old men with tertiary education is comparatively low. (0.9 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old women with upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (2.6 %, rank 38/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old women with tertiary education is comparatively low. (1 %, rank 44/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old men with tertiary education is compartively low in Czechia. (1.1 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in Czechia. (1.4 %, rank 42/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old women with below upper secondary education is compartively high in Czechia. (21.5 %, rank 10/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is compartively low in Czechia. (1.4 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in Czechia. (3.5 %, rank 39/42 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old men with tertiary education is compartively low in Czechia. (1 %, rank 36/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in Czechia. (1.8 %, rank 38/41 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old women with tertiary education is compartively low in Czechia. (0.3 %, rank 39/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (1.9 %, rank 31/32 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of unemployed 25-64 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (2 %, rank 36/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of unemployed 25-64 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.9 %, rank 36/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of unemployed 25-64 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.9 %, rank 32/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Czechia. (2.7 %, rank 33/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Czechia. (1 %, rank 34/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Inactivity and educational attainment

    The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with tertiary education is high in Czechia. (21.4 %, rank 2/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (13.6 %, rank 10/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (25.8 %, rank 3/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (15.8 %, rank 7/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (12.8 %, rank 3/14 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (8.5 %, rank 4/28 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (18.9 %, rank 1/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (10.1 %, rank 9/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a short cycle tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (9.7 %, rank 31/34 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (13.3 %, rank 41/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (12.1 %, rank 37/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Inactivity by gender and educational attainment

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (36.4 %, rank 8/37 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (18.6 %, rank 34/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (2.8 %, rank 36/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (4.8 %, rank 38/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (36.4 %, rank 2/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (2.1 %, rank 33/33 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (9.3 %, rank 27/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (36.4 %, rank 7/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (2.5 %, rank 43/43 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (7.3 %, rank 42/44 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively high. (32.2 %, rank 2/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively high. (18.6 %, rank 8/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with tertiary education is relatively low. (3.1 %, rank 44/45 , 2022) Download Indicator

    Earnings and educational attainment

    The earnings of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively low compared to those of adults with an upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education. (67 Index, rank 40/40 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of worker earning more than twice the median among those with a short-cycle tertiary education degree is comparatively low. (1.7 %, rank 31/31 , 2020) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers without an upper secondary education earning more than twice the overall median in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (0.4 %, rank 37/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers without an upper secondary education earning at or below half the overall median in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (21.8 %, rank 32/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 25-34 year-olds working full-time and full-year with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education compared to those of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively high in Czechia. (129 Index, rank 8/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 25-64 year-olds working full-time and full-year with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education compared to those of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively high in Czechia. (131 Index, rank 8/29 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 25-34 year-olds working full-time and full-year with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education compared to those of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively high in Czechia. (143 Index, rank 4/29 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 25-64 year-olds working full-time and full-year with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education compared to those of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively high in Czechia. (153 Index, rank 2/29 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 45-54 year-olds working full-time and full-year with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education compared to those of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively high in Czechia. (155 Index, rank 1/28 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education earning more than twice the overall median in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (3.2 %, rank 34/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education earning at or below half the overall median in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (4.3 %, rank 37/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 25-34 year-olds working full-time and full-year with tertiary education compared to those of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively high in Czechia. (190 Index, rank 10/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-64 year-old workers with tertiary education earning at or below half the overall median in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (2.1 %, rank 36/38 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 45-54 year-olds working full-time and full-year with tertiary education compared to those of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively high in Czechia. (264 Index, rank 5/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 25-64 year-olds working full-time and full-year with bachelor's or equivalent attainment compared to those of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively high in Czechia. (197 Index, rank 8/35 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 45-54 year-olds working full-time and full-year with bachelor's or equivalent attainment compared to those of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively high in Czechia. (217 Index, rank 6/35 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings, gender and educational attainment

    The earnings of men without an upper secondary education are relatively low compared to those of men with an upper secondary education. (65 Index, rank 40/40 , 2020) Download Indicator

    The earnings of women without an upper secondary education are relatively low compared to those of women with an upper secondary education. (69 Index, rank 38/40 , 2020) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (among 25-64 year-olds without an upper secondary education with income from employment) are one of the highest among countries with available data. (89.2 %, rank 4/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (among 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary education or post-secondary non-tertiary education and income from employment) are one of the highest among countries with available data. (84 %, rank 10/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women (as a percentage of men's earnings) among full- and part-time 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education are one of the highest among countries with available data. (83.5 %, rank 2/40 , 2020) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of young women's earnings as a percentage of men's earnings (25-34 year-olds with tertiary education working full-time full-year), is relatively low compared to OECD and other members with available data (78.4 %, rank 32/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    The earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (25-34 year-olds without an upper secondary education working full-time full-year) are one of the highest among countries with available data. (93.5 %, rank 2/30 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (25-64 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are one of the highest among countries with available data. (85.2 %, rank 8/29 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (45-54 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are one of the highest among countries with available data. (86.2 %, rank 5/28 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (25-34 year-olds with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are one of the highest among countries with available data. (84.6 %, rank 7/29 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (25-64 year-olds with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are one of the highest among countries with available data. (84.4 %, rank 3/28 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (45-54 year-olds with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are one of the highest among countries with available data. (82.5 %, rank 6/28 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (45-54 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education working full-time full-year) are one of the highest among countries with available data. (82.6 %, rank 9/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Earnings of women as a percentage of men's earnings (45-54 year-olds with tertiary education working full-time full-year) are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (70.1 %, rank 31/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Neither in education nor employed

    The share of inactive youth neither in formal education nor training among 18-24 year-olds in Czechia is one of the highest among countries with available data. (30.4 %, rank 1/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of unemployed youth neither in formal education nor training among 18-24 year-olds in Czechia is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (0.5 %, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women without an upper secondary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low (43.8 %, rank 31/36 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of men without an upper secondary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low (7.6 %, rank 39/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-29 year-olds neither in employment nor in education and training without an upper secondary in Czechia is relatively low. (21.1 %, rank 39/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of men with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low (2.6 %, rank 29/29 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively high (35.4 %, rank 4/30 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low (4.2 %, rank 27/29 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively high. (33.5 %, rank 10/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (3.9 %, rank 38/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women with tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively high. (20.4 %, rank 5/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of men with tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (1.5 %, rank 35/35 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of 25-29 year-olds neither in employment nor in education and training with tertiary education in Czechia is relatively high. (13 %, rank 9/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are unemployed NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (2 %, rank 35/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are inactive NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively high. (29.4 %, rank 3/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of women who are unemployed NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (0.2 %, rank 38/38 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are inactive NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (4.8 %, rank 31/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are unemployed NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (1.8 %, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are inactive NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively high. (31.3 %, rank 1/39 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of men who are unemployed NEET (18-24 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (0.7 %, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    The share of unemployed NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Czechia is relatively low. (1.9 %, rank 38/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of men neither employed nor in education among 15-29 year-olds is relatively low. (6.6 %, rank 38/40 , 2022) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the proportion of youth with a tertiary degree who are neither employed nor in education or training among 15-29 year-olds is comparatively large. (11.6 %, rank 10/39 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Among 25-29 year-old men in Czechia, a small share of them are neither employed nor in education or training. (4.7 %, rank 40/40 , 2021) Download Indicator

    Social outcomes

    In Czechia, the share of Internet users without an upper secondary education taking precautions to protect the privacy of their personal data is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.3 %, rank 23/26 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of Internet users with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education taking precautions to protect the privacy of their personal data is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (10.1 %, rank 24/26 , 2021) Download Indicator

    In Czechia, the share of Internet users with tertiary education taking precautions to protect the privacy of their personal data is relatively low, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (24.7 %, rank 20/26 , 2021) Download Indicator


    The data table will display up to six selected countries.
    General findings
    

    

    

    • On average in OECD countries, the employment rate for younger adults (25-34 year-olds) with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education as their highest attainment is 83% for those with a vocational qualification and 73% for those with a general one.
    • Combined school- and work-based vocational programmes facilitate the transition into the labour market. In Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia and Switzerland, around nine out of ten upper secondary VET students are in a combined school- and work-based programme, but in 10 countries, the share is less than one in five.
    • Vocational education and training (VET) programmes, which often require specific equipment and infrastructure, typically cost more per student than general programmes. On average across OECD countries, expenditure per student is about USD 11 400 in general upper secondary programmes, compared to about USD 13 200 in vocational programmes.
    • On average across OECD countries, 43% of teachers in vocational upper secondary programmes are aged 50 or over. This reflects an ageing VET teacher workforce, and also that some VET teachers join the teaching profession after an industry work experience.
    

    

    
| Spotlight on Vocational Education and Training | Education policies: Access and Participation - VET | Education policies: Finance and Funding - VET | Education policies: Labour market outcomes - VET | 
    

    
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    • On average across OECD, 20% of adults (25-64 year-olds) still do not have an upper secondary qualification in 2022. Forty percent have an upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary qualification as their highest level of education, the same share as those with a tertiary degree.

    • Employment rates increase as educational attainment increases. Among 25-64 year-olds, the employment rate is 59% for those with below upper secondary attainment. This rises to 77% for adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment and 86% for those with tertiary attainment.

    • Civic engagement tends to increase as educational attainment increases. Across the OECD countries and accession countries participating in the European Social Survey (ESS) Round 10, around 10% of individuals with tertiary attainment have participated in a public demonstration in the previous 12 months, whereas 6% of individuals with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary educational attainment have done so.

    • The most common form of participation in adult learning is non-formal education and training, mostly job related. Slightly more than one in ten adults (25-64 year-olds) participate in non-formal education and training on average across OECD and accession countries reporting data with a four-week reference period, of which almost 80% have engaged in at least one job-related learning activity.
    

    

    
| Education policies: Attainment | Education policies: Labour market outcomes | 
    

    
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    • On average, 18% of children under 2 and 43% of 2-year-olds were enrolled in early childhood education (ECEC) programmes in 2021 but other ECEC services also play a significant role. In Japan, 26% of children under 2 and 53% of 2-year-olds are enrolled in ECEC services outside ISCED 0.

    • In Canada, Ireland and New Zealand, vocational programmes mostly serve those who have completed their initial schooling, and less than 12% of 15-19 year-old upper secondary students are pursuing VET. In contrast, there are 11 OECD countries where the majority of 15-19 year-olds enrolled in upper secondary education are in vocational programmes.

    • Most upper secondary VET students are in programmes that offer direct access to tertiary education. Countries where around 30% or more vocational students enrolled in programmes that lead to full level completion without direct access to tertiary education tend to be those with multiple vocational tracks and bridging options to allow progression to higher levels of education.

    • On average, 72% of students who enter upper secondary education graduate within its theoretical duration across countries with available data. Two years after the end of the theoretical duration, the average completion rate has increased to 82%.

    • Students who entered a general upper secondary programme have a higher rate of completion (87%) than those who entered in a vocational programme (73%) in nearly all countries two years after the end of the theoretical programme duration.

    • The COVID-19 pandemic had a very uneven impact on international student flows across countries during the period 2019-2021. While the share of mobile students fell by 6 percentage points in Australia and 9 percentage points in New Zealand, it increased in several countries and remained unchanged in many others.
    

    

    
| Education policies: Access and Participation  | 
    

    
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    • Across OECD countries, expenditure per student averages around USD 10 700 at the primary level, USD 11 900 at secondary and USD 18 100 at tertiary level. This reflects the fact that higher levels of education often require teachers to have more advanced qualifications and specialised knowledge which are usually accompanied by higher salaries.

    • Vocational education and training (VET) programmes, which often require specific equipment and infrastructure, typically cost more per student than general programmes. On average across OECD countries, expenditure per student is about USD 11 400 in general upper secondary programmes, compared to about USD 13 200 in vocational programmes.
    • Upper secondary vocational programmes receive between 3% and 17% of all funding for primary to tertiary educational institutions. Post-secondary non-tertiary programmes, which are often vocational, receive as much as 7% of funding (in Ireland) and short-cycle tertiary as much as 10% (in Canada).

    • In 2020, on average across OECD countries, 84% of the funding for primary to tertiary educational institutions came directly from government sources, 15% from private sources and 1% from non-domestic (international) sources.

    • Higher education levels tend to have higher teachers' salary costs per student. On average across OECD countries, they rise from USD 3 614 per student in primary education to USD 4 424 in lower secondary education. This is mostly due to a combination of higher teachers' salaries and instruction time, and shorter teaching hours.
    

    

    
| Education policies: Finance and Funding | 
    

    
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    • Students across the OECD receive an average of 7 634 hours of compulsory instruction during their primary and lower secondary education, ranging from 5 245 hours in Poland to double that in Australia (11 000 hours).

    • Teachers' actual salaries at pre-primary, primary and general secondary levels of education are 81-95% of the earnings of tertiary-educated workers on average across OECD countries and other participants.

    • School heads' actual salaries are more than 51% higher on average than those of teachers across primary and secondary education in OECD countries and other participants.

    • More than three-quarters of the OECD countries have national, or central, examinations in the final years of upper secondary education (in general programmes). A large majority of these countries use these examinations to grant students access to tertiary education.

    

    

    
| Education policies: Teachers | Education policies: Teachers | OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS)  | 
    

    
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Key

    
Diagram of funding flows - Czechia

    

    

    

    

    
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Key

    
Country Reviews for Czechia

    

    

    

    








    
Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced
by countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple
most- or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in
education must be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities,
such as loans and grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey
more and better content to students, but may hinder investments in other important
areas. If you want further information on the nature of different variables, please
take the time to read the analysis and contextual information, available at the website
for each publication.
    
All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available.
The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/


    
Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some
countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2018 for school year 2017/2018.


    
*TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies.
This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages.
Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and
Annex 3
of EAG 2021 for more details about the data collections.


    
B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the People's Republic of China:
Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.


    
For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.