Country
Data profiles:
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Financial literacy (PISA 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2017) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
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Educational outcomes
In Canada, the share of first-time graduates in general programmes at upper secondary level is comparatively high. (95.2 %, rank 2/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
Attainment
The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.8 %, rank 40/42 , 2021) Download Indicator
The level of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (28.8 %, rank 34/42 , 2021) Download Indicator
The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.9 %, rank 39/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
The level of tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (62 %, rank 1/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
The level of tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (66.4 %, rank 2/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
The level of below upper secondary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11.4 %, rank 35/42 , 2021) Download Indicator
The level of short-cycle tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (24.4 %, rank 1/33 , 2021) Download Indicator
Attainment by gender
The proportion of 25-34 year-old men who have attained tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (58 %, rank 5/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
The proportion of 25-34 year-old women who have attained tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (75 %, rank 2/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
The share of 25-34 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in Canada is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.1 %, rank 40/42 , 2021) Download Indicator
The share of 25-34 year-old women who attained below upper secondary education in Canada is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.5 %, rank 40/42 , 2021) Download Indicator
The share of 25-34 year-old women who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Canada is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (21.5 %, rank 39/42 , 2021) Download Indicator
Participation in education
The enrolment rate of 6-14 year-olds in Canada is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/43 , 2020) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate among 15-19 year-olds in Canada is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (72.8 %, rank 35/41 , 2020) Download Indicator
The proportion of upper secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.5 %, rank 40/42 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of students in public tertiary educational institutions is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/42 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of upper secondary 15-19-year-old students enrolled in vocational programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.9 %, rank 39/41 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of students enrolled in programmes providing full completion and access to tertiary education among all students enrolled in upper secondary vocational programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of students aged 17 in general upper secondary programmes in Canada is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (72.5 %, rank 9/42 , 2020) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of students aged 17 tertiary programmes in Canada is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.5 %, rank 4/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of students aged 18 tertiary programmes in Canada is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9.6 %, rank 5/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of students aged 19 tertiary programmes in Canada is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (12.7 %, rank 8/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of students aged 20 tertiary programmes in Canada is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11.7 %, rank 6/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the percentage of students enrolled in private institutions at pre-primary level is comparatively low. (7.4 %, rank 38/43 , 2020) Download Indicator
Graduation
The percentage of first-time graduates in vocational programmes at upper secondary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.8 %, rank 35/35 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the percentage of bachelor's or equivalent graduates in public institutions is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the percentage of master's or equivalent graduates in public institutions is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of long first degree master's graduates in public institutions is relatively high in Canada. (100 %, rank 1/21 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of doctorate graduates in public institutions is relatively high in Canada. (100 %, rank 1/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
Graduation by gender
In Canada, the share of female doctoral graduates in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is relatively low. (23.7 %, rank 35/41 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of education is relatively low in Canada. (2.6 %, rank 36/41 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of health and welfare is relatively low in Canada. (6 %, rank 34/41 , 2020) Download Indicator
Graduation by age
The average age of upper secondary graduates from vocational programmes in Canada is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data (33.5 Years, rank 2/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The average age of upper secondary graduates from general programmes in Canada is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data (17.6 Years, rank 30/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
Graduation by field of education
The proportion of female tertiary graduates in education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (7.2 %, rank 36/40 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.2 %, rank 36/40 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.9 %, rank 7/40 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of doctoral graduates in the field of business, administration and law in Canada is relatively small. (4.3 %, rank 36/42 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of doctoral graduates in the field of Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics in Canada is relatively large. (27.8 %, rank 9/42 , 2020) Download Indicator
Fields of education
In Canada, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of education is relatively low. (3.4 %, rank 34/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of education among all national tertiary students in Canada is relatively low. (5.4 %, rank 30/35 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of female among new entrants in doctoral programmes enrolled in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction in Canada is relatively small. (26.8 %, rank 31/35 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of health and welfare is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (84.6 %, rank 9/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (57.3 %, rank 10/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of women among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (43.1 %, rank 2/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of female students entering doctoral or equivalent programmes in Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in Canada is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (36.5 %, rank 26/35 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in health and welfare in Canada is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (68.3 %, rank 28/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in information and communication technologies in Canada is one of the largest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (31.3 %, rank 8/35 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in Canada is one of the largest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (38.8 %, rank 10/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (42.7 %, rank 27/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of male students entering short cycle tertiaryprogrammes in natural sciences, mathematics and statistics in Canada is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (44.7 %, rank 17/22 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of health and welfare is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (15.4 %, rank 28/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of men among new entrants in bachelor's programmes in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (56.9 %, rank 35/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of male students entering doctoral or equivalent programmes in Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in Canada is one of the largest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (63.5 %, rank 10/35 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of male students entering master's or equivalent programmes in health and welfare in Canada is one of the largest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (31.7 %, rank 9/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of male students entering master's or equivalent programmes in information and communication technologies in Canada is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (68.8 %, rank 28/35 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of male students entering master's or equivalent programmes in Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in Canada is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (61.2 %, rank 27/36 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of business, administration and law is relatively low, compared to other countries with available data. (5.4 %, rank 29/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of health and welfare is relatively low, compared to other countries with available data. (9.2 %, rank 29/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is relatively high, compared to other countries with available data. (19.8 %, rank 1/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
Student mobility
Canada has one of the largest proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in tertiary education among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.2 %, rank 4/44 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the proportion of young men who are neither employed nor in education or training among 15-19 year-olds is comparatively large. (5.1 %, rank 5/80 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the number of international or foreign students per national student abroad is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6 Students, rank 6/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of international and foreign students enrolled in doctoral or equivalent programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with avaialble data. (35.8 %, rank 10/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the proportion of new international entrants in master's long first degree (LFD) programmes is relatively low. (2.1 %, rank 17/21 , 2020) Download Indicator
The proportion of international students among the new entrants in master's programmes in Canada is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (29.8 %, rank 9/35 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in bachelor's programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (14.4 %, rank 6/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in master's programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (20.1 %, rank 10/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (24.5 %, rank 2/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the number of international or foreign students for every hundred national students home or abroad is comparatively high. (22 Students, rank 3/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the percentage of international or foreign students coming from neighbouring countries is comparatively low . (3 Students, rank 43/45 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in bachelor's programmes among men is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (16.8 %, rank 7/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in bachelor's programmes among women is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (12.5 %, rank 5/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in doctoral or equivalent programmes among men is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (42.5 %, rank 6/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in master's programmes among men is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (26.9 %, rank 8/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in short-cycle tertiary programmes among men is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (28.6 %, rank 2/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in short-cycle tertiary programmes among women is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (20.8 %, rank 3/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in tertiary education among men is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (22 %, rank 4/43 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in tertiary education among women is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (15.2 %, rank 6/43 , 2020) Download Indicator
Student mobility by field of education
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of education among all international or foreign tertiary students in Canada is relatively low. (0.9 %, rank 31/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of arts and humanities among all international or foreign tertiary students in Canada is relatively low. (7.2 %, rank 29/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of social sciences, journalism and information among all international or foreign tertiary students in Canada is relatively low. (9 %, rank 24/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics among all international or foreign tertiary students in Canada is relatively high. (13 %, rank 7/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of health and welfare among all international or foreign tertiary students in Canada is relatively low. (5.3 %, rank 29/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of students enrolled in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics among all international or foreign students is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (40.9 %, rank 4/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
Expenditure per student
Annual expenditure per tertiary student is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (22335 USD Equivalent, rank 6/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
Annual expenditure per secondary student is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (14564 USD Equivalent, rank 9/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
Annual expenditure per tertiary student is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (22335 USD Equivalent, rank 4/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, the total expenditure per full-time equivalent student on primary to tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (13447 USD Equivalent 2015, rank 9/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, the total expenditure per full-time equivalent student on tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (20871 USD Equivalent 2015, rank 6/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
Expenditure in education and national wealth
In Canada, expenditure on primary through tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is one of the highest among OECD countries and partner economies. (5.7 %, rank 7/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, expenditure on secondary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively low. (1.4 %, rank 33/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, expenditure on tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively high. (2.2 %, rank 3/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, private expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary to tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (1.4 %, rank 6/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in the number of full-time equivalent student from primary to tertiary education is one of the largest in Canada among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1 %, rank 8/38 , 2019) Download Indicator
From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure per full-time equivalent student on primary to tertiary education in Canada is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.5 %, rank 24/31 , 2019) Download Indicator
From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure per full-time equivalent student on tertiary education in Canada is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (-0.4 %, rank 22/31 , 2019) Download Indicator
Public and private expenditure in education
The share of private expenditure on tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (46.3 %, rank 9/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
Canada has one of the largest shares of private expenditure on primary through tertiary educational institutions among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (23.9 %, rank 10/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, total public expenditure on secondary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively low. (2.9 %, rank 41/42 , 2019) Download Indicator
The share of public expenditure on educational institutions, for tertiary education is comparatively small. (53.7 %, rank 29/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of public expenditure on educational institutions, for primary to tertiary education is comparatively small. (76.1 %, rank 27/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
Nature of expenditure
The percentage of capital expenditure on tertiary education is relatively in Canada. (6.3 %, rank 24/32 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of current expenditure on tertiary education is relatively in Canada. (93.7 %, rank 9/32 , 2019) Download Indicator
Who the teachers are
The share of women among teaching staff in upper secondary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (75 %, rank 3/42 , 2020) Download Indicator
The share of women among teaching staff in tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (49.4 %, rank 9/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is especially high. (62.4 %, rank 7/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers older than 50 is especially low. (27.2 %, rank 28/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of female teachers younger than 30 in tertiary education is relatively large. (60.1 %, rank 4/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
Females aged 50 or more represent a small proportion of teachers in primary education in Canada. (69.6 %, rank 35/38 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of female teachers aged 50 or more in tertiary education is especially high in Canada. (44.1 %, rank 10/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of short-cycle tertiary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (44.5 %, rank 18/23 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of bachelor's, master's and doctoral level teachers aged between 30 and 49 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (45.2 %, rank 26/29 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of tertiary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (44.8 %, rank 30/32 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of bachelor's, master's and doctoral level teachers older than 50 is relatively high, compared to other countries with data available. (51.4 %, rank 3/29 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of tertiary teachers older than 50 is relatively high, compared to other countries with data available. (48.9 %, rank 4/32 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of short-cycle tertiary teachers younger than 30 is relatively high, compared to other countries with data available. (8.6 %, rank 7/23 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of bachelor's, master's and doctoral level teachers younger than 30 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (3.5 %, rank 23/29 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Canada, the share of short-cycle tertiary female teachers younger than 30 is relatively high, compared to other countries with data available. (62.9 %, rank 6/22 , 2019) Download Indicator
Teachers' salaries
After 15 years of experience, a lower secondary teacher with minimum qualification can expect to have one of the highest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (63003 USD Equivalent, rank 5/32 , 2021) Download Indicator
The change between 2005 and 2013 in statutory salaries for lower secondary teachers with 15 years of experience and minimum training is comparatively small in Canada. (100 Index, rank 22/29 , 2021) Download Indicator
After 15 years of experience, a lower secondary teacher with typical qualification can expect to have one of the highest salaries among OECD and partner countries with available data. (70331 USD Equivalent, rank 4/32 , 2021) Download Indicator
Teachers' salaries progression
Salaries of lower secondary teachers with minimum training after 10 years of experience are especially high. (61408 USD Equivalent, rank 6/33 , 2021) Download Indicator
It takes lower secondary teachers less time to progress through the salary scale in Canada compared to other OECD and partner countries. (10.6 Years, rank 25/28 , 2021) Download Indicator
Ratio of student to teaching staff
In Canada, the number of students per teacher in public bachelor's, master's, doctoral or equivalent programmes is one of the highest among countries with available data. (21 Ratio, rank 3/27 , 2020) Download Indicator
Unemployment and educational attainment
The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively high. (5.4 %, rank 10/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-old with a short cycle tertiary education degree is relatively high in Canada. (7 %, rank 9/28 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Canada, the proportion of adults who have been unemployed for at least a year among all unemployed adults with below upper secondary education is relatively low. (21.1 %, rank 32/37 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Canada, the proportion of adults who have been unemployed for less than 3 months among all unemployed adults with below upper secondary education is relatively high. (45.6 %, rank 4/30 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Canada, the proportion of adults who have been unemployed for at least a year among all unemployed adults with tertiary education is relatively low. (18.5 %, rank 35/38 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Canada, the proportion of adults who have been unemployed for less than 3 months among all unemployed adults with tertiary education is relatively high. (46.2 %, rank 4/30 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Canada, the proportion of adults who have been unemployed for at least a year among all unemployed adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (18.4 %, rank 34/37 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Canada, the proportion of adults who have been unemployed for less than 3 months among all unemployed adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (45.5 %, rank 3/30 , 2021) Download Indicator
Earnings and educational attainment
The proportional difference in earnings between 25-64 year-old adults with tertiary education and those with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is quite low. (136.6 %, rank 28/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
Earnings of 25-64 year-old full and part-time workers with tertiary education are comparatively low. (143.2 %, rank 28/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 25-64 year-olds full- and part-time with below secondary education compared to those of adults with an upper secondary education are relatively high in Canada. (84.9 %, rank 9/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
Earnings of women (as a percentage of men's earnings) among full- and part-time 25-64 year-olds with below upper secondary education are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (57.4 %, rank 31/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
Earnings of women (as a percentage of men's earnings) among 25-64 year-olds with below upper secondary education are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (67.8 %, rank 34/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
Compared to other countries with available data, earnings of 25-64 year-olds with below secondary education compared to those of adults with an upper secondary education are relatively low in Canada. (114.3 %, rank 21/29 , 2020) Download Indicator
Earnings of women (as a percentage of men's earnings) among full- and part-time 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (57 %, rank 35/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
Earnings of women (as a percentage of men's earnings) among 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education are one of the lowest among countries with available data. (67.5 %, rank 36/37 , 2020) Download Indicator
Neither in education nor employed
The share of youth who have been unemployed for less than 3 months and not in formal education or training among 18-24 year-olds in Canada is one of the highest among countries with available data. (3.6 %, rank 2/27 , 2021) Download Indicator
Participation in education by gender
The share of female students entering bachelor's programmes in Canada is relatively large. (56.8 %, rank 10/38 , 2020) Download Indicator
General findings
- Tertiary attainment has increased strongly in most OECD countries among 25-34 year olds. The average share of younger adults with a tertiary degree has increased from 27% in 2000 to 48% in 2021.
- Higher educational attainment leads to better labour-market outcomes including higher wages and higher employment rates.
- Expenditure on tertiary education accounts for 1.5% of gross domestic product (GDP) on average across OECD countries or 30% of all education funding allocated to educational institutions.
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- Tertiary attainment has increased strongly in most OECD countries among 25-34 year-olds. The average share of younger adults with a tertiary degree has increased from 27% in 2000 to 48% in 2021. In this age group, the share of individuals with tertiary attainment is 7 percentage points higher than the share of individuals with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment on average across OECD countries. If current trends continue, a tertiary education will be the most common attainment among working-age adults on average across OECD countries within a few years.
- Higher educational attainment leads to better labour-market outcomes. In 2021, on average, employment rates for tertiary-educated young adults (25-34 year-olds) are 8 percentage points higher than those who have attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education and 26 percentage points higher than those who have attained below upper secondary education across OECD countries.
- Greater educational attainment yields better earnings and this holds true for higher levels of tertiary attainment in most countries. On average across the OECD, full-time full-year workers who attained short-cycle tertiary education earned 20% more than those with upper secondary attainment in 2020. This earnings advantage increases to 44% among those who attained a bachelor's or equivalent qualification and to 88% among those with a master's or doctoral or equivalent degree.
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- On average, the vast majority (88%) of children between the age of 3 and 5 are enrolled in early childhood education (ECE) across the OECD. In a few countries, it is also common for younger children between the age of 0 and 2 to participate in ECE and over 50% of children in this age group are enrolled. However, only 27% of under-threes are enrolled in ECE on average across the OECD.
- In almost all countries with available data, the majority of upper secondary graduates from general programmes are women. Men dominate graduation from vocational programmes in almost three-quarters of the countries.
- While the average age of first-time graduates from general upper secondary education does not differ much across countries, the difference widens in vocational education, ranging from 16 to 34 years.
- Around one-fifth of tertiary students are enrolled on a part-time basis, but large differences exist across OECD countries. Studying part-time is especially common in many Nordic countries, Australia, New Zealand and the United States, where more than 30% of students study part-time. However, in some countries like the Czech Republic, and Greece, less than 5% of students study part-time.
- Students are more likely to cross borders to pursue their studies as they reach more advanced levels of education. Internationally mobile students account for only 7% of bachelor's students, but 17% of master's students and 26% of doctoral students on average in OECD countries.
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- Total public spending on education (from primary to tertiary level) averages 10.6% of total government expenditure across OECD countries, from around 7% to 17%. The largest share of government funding is devoted to primary and secondary levels, explained by near-universal enrolment rates at those levels of education and the greater contribution of private sources at tertiary level.
- On average across OECD countries, expenditure on primary education amounts to 30% of the funding for educational institutions, while secondary education accounts for 39%.
- In 2019, OECD countries spent an average of USD 17 559 per student per year at the tertiary level. However, this average is driven up by high values in a few countries, reaching over USD 25 000 in Luxembourg, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.
- On average across OECD countries, 63% of total expenditure on tertiary educational institutions goes to core services (e.g. teachers' salaries, school buildings, teaching materials and administration), 33% on research and development activities, and 4% on ancillary services (e.g. meals and transport).
- Expenditure on tertiary education accounts for 1.5% of gross domestic product (GDP) on average across OECD countries or 30% of all education funding allocated to educational institutions.
- On average across OECD countries, public funds account for 83% of total spending on educational institutions. Private sources are more important at the tertiary level, where they make up 31% of all expenditure compared to just 10% at the non-tertiary levels (primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary).
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- Teachers' actual salaries at pre-primary, primary and general secondary level are 4-14% lower than the earnings of tertiary-educated workers on average across OECD countries and other participants. School heads' actual salaries are substantially higher than those of teachers across primary and secondary education.
- Teachers in public schools in OECD and partner countries are required to teach on average 987 hours per year at pre-primary level, 784 hours at primary level, 711 hours at lower secondary level (general programmes) and 684 hours at upper secondary level (general and vocational programmes).
- Typically, the duration of initial teacher education programmes varies from 3 years to 6.5 years, for prospective lower secondary teachers of general subjects. A tertiary qualification is awarded upon completion of the programme in most countries, regardless of the level of education at which the teacher will teach.
- Continuing professional development is compulsory to some extent for teachers of general subjects at least at one level of education in most countries with data, except Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands and New Zealand. It can be either generally compulsory for all teachers as a regular part of their work, or for some teachers for specific purposes such as promotion or salary increases, or in some cases, both.
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All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/
*TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages. Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and Annex 3 of EAG 2021 for more details about the data collections.
B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the People's Republic of China: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.