Country
Data profiles:
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance in 18 out of 27 regions (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Profile View
Select first some countries to compare, choose the charts you wish to display and customise them.
Attainment
Portugal has one of the lowest percentages of 25-64 year-olds whose highest education level is a short-cycle tertiary education degree. (0.4 %, rank 35/39 , 2023) Download Indicator
Attainment by gender
The proportion of 55-64 year-old men who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (33.6 %, rank 41/45 , 2023) Download Indicator
Portugal has one of the smallest shares of 25-64 year-old women whose highest education level is a short-cycle tertiary education degree. (0.3 %, rank 35/39 , 2023) Download Indicator
The share of 55-64 year-old men who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in Portugal is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.4 %, rank 41/45 , 2023) Download Indicator
Portugal has one of the largest share of women among 55-64 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education. (54 %, rank 4/36 , 2023) Download Indicator
Entrance
The share of female new entrants integrating short-cycle tertiary programmes in Portugal is comparatively small. (36.5 %, rank 31/34 , 2022) Download Indicator
Entrance by field of education and gender
The share of female students entering master's or equivalent programmes in education in Portugal is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (65.6 %, rank 36/39 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of female students entering short cycle tertiary programmes in information and communication technologies in Portugal is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (12.4 %, rank 25/29 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of male students entering short-cycle tertiary programmes in education in Portugal is one of the smallest compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (0 %, rank 22/22 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of female in short-cycle tertiary programmes in the field of arts and humanities is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (38.9 %, rank 28/32 , 2022) Download Indicator
Participation in education
The enrolment rate of 6-14 year-olds in Portugal is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of four-year-olds in early childhood and primary education in Portugal is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (99 %, rank 4/40 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of students in government-dependent private tertiary educational institutions is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 19/23 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of students enrolled in programmes providing full completion and access to tertiary education among all students enrolled in upper secondary vocational programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/39 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the share of upper secondary students enrolled in programmes giving partial completion or insufficient for completion is relatively low compared to the other countries. (0 %, rank 17/17 , 2022) Download Indicator
(100 %, rank 1/30 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the share of post-secondary non-tertiary students among all vocational students is relatively small compared to other OECD and partner countries. (2.8 %, rank 22/26 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of vocational students as a share of short-cycle tertiary students is among the largest in all OECD and partner countries. (100 %, rank 1/34 , 2022) Download Indicator
The average age of short-cycle tertiary students enrolled in vocational programmes is comparativele low. (22.5 %, rank 32/36 , 2022) Download Indicator
(0.2 %, rank 5/39 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of four-year-olds in pre-primary in Portugal is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (99 %, rank 4/43 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of five-year-olds in ECEC in Portugal is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/40 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of five-year-olds in pre-primary education in Portugal is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank 1/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of female students enrolled in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (35.9 %, rank 30/34 , 2022) Download Indicator
Graduation
The average age of graduates from general programmes at the upper secondary level in Portugal is comparatively high. (21 Years, rank 2/42 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the percentage of first-time doctorate graduates younger than 35 is relatively low. (42.1 %, rank 30/34 , 2022) Download Indicator
The average age of master's or equivalent graduates in Portugal is among the youngest. (25 Years, rank 23/24 , 2022) Download Indicator
Graduation by gender
In Portugal, the share of female first-time graduates in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (41.9 %, rank 25/27 , 2022) Download Indicator
Graduation by field of education
The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.2 %, rank 41/42 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of information and communication technologies is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.5 %, rank 40/41 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (19.2 %, rank 4/42 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the proportion of upper secondary vocational graduates in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (16.7 %, rank 32/36 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the percentage of post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of health and welfare is relatively low. (0 %, rank 23/25 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the proportion of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary vocational graduates in the field of services is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (29.9 %, rank 1/36 , 2022) Download Indicator
Graduation by field of education and gender
The proportion of female tertiary graduates in education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (5.7 %, rank 41/42 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the share of female doctoral graduates in the field of business, administration and law is relatively low. (35.7 %, rank 37/41 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the share of female doctoral graduates in the field of engineering, manufacturing and construction is relatively high. (43.3 %, rank 5/42 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of education is relatively low in Portugal. (2.1 %, rank 40/42 , 2022) Download Indicator
Fields of education
In Portugal, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of education is relatively low. (3.9 %, rank 38/39 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is relatively low. (3.4 %, rank 36/38 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of education among all national tertiary students in Portugal is relatively low. (3.5 %, rank 35/36 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of information and communication technologies among all national tertiary students in Portugal is relatively low. (3 %, rank 36/39 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the percentage of new entrants to doctoral programmes in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is relatively high, compared to other countries with available data. (17.6 %, rank 3/37 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the share of new entrants in education bachelor's programmes is comparatively smallest, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.8 %, rank 38/40 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the proportion of new entrants in Information and communication technologies bachelor's programmes is relatively low, compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.2 %, rank 39/39 , 2022) Download Indicator
Student mobility
In Portugal, international or foreign students from Africa are highest represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (39.8 %, rank 2/43 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in short-cycle tertiary programmes is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (15.6 %, rank 4/35 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the percentage of international or foreign students coming from neighbouring countries is comparatively low . (2 Students, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator
Student mobility by field of education
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of information and communication technologies among all international or foreign tertiary students in Portugal is relatively low. (3 %, rank 36/39 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the percentage of international doctoral graduates in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.2 %, rank 4/38 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the percentage of international doctoral graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.3 %, rank 4/37 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the percentage of international doctoral graduates in the field of health and welfare is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.7 %, rank 34/38 , 2022) Download Indicator
Expenditure per student
Expenditure per student for core educational services on tertiary education in Portugal is comparatively low. (7946 USD Equivalent, rank 26/26 , 2021) Download Indicator
From 2012 to 2018, the average annual growth in total expenditure on primary to tertiary education in Portugal is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9194 USD Equivalent, rank 33/37 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the total annual expenditure per full-time equivalent student on tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (10128 USD Equivalent 2015, rank 33/37 , 2021) Download Indicator
Expenditure in education and national wealth
In Portugal, international expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education from final source of funds is relatively high. (0 %, rank 4/33 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the private expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds on primary to post-secondary non-tertiary level is high. (0.4 %, rank 5/27 , 2021) Download Indicator
The proportion of private expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds for primary to tertiary education is comparatively high in Portugal. (0.8 %, rank 4/27 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Portugal, international expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds on tertiary education is relatively large. (0.1 %, rank 5/35 , 2021) Download Indicator
Government and private expenditure in education
The share of public expenditure on tertiary educational institutions is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.8 %, rank 39/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
In Portugal, international expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of total expenditure on primary to tertiary education is relatively high. (2.2 %, rank 5/31 , 2021) Download Indicator
Nature of expenditure
In Portugal, the share of capital expenditure on primary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.4 %, rank 33/33 , 2021) Download Indicator
Teachers
The number of days of instruction in a school year in lower secondary public school is especially low. (168 Days, rank 33/36 , 2023) Download Indicator
The number of days of instruction in a school year in upper secondary public school is especially low. (168 Days, rank 34/36 , 2023) Download Indicator
Who the teachers are
The percentage of secondary teachers older than 50 is especially low. (2.4 %, rank 36/38 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of primary teachers younger than 30 is especially low. (2.2 %, rank 41/41 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of lower secondary teachers younger than 30 is especially low. (1.9 %, rank 37/38 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of upper secondary teachers younger than 30 is especially low. (2.8 %, rank 38/40 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers younger than 30 is especially low. (2.3 %, rank 40/40 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of lower secondary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is especially low. (41.3 %, rank 35/38 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers older than 50 is especially high. (51.7 %, rank 4/40 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the share of female teachers younger than 30 in tertiary education is relatively small . (43.5 %, rank 37/38 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the share of bachelor's, master's and doctoral level female teachers younger than 30 is relatively low, compared to other countries with data available. (43.5 %, rank 34/36 , 2022) Download Indicator
The percentage of teachers aged 50 or more in pre-primary education is especially high in Portugal (55.1 %, rank 1/37 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the percentage of teachers under 30 in pre-primary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3 %, rank 37/37 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the percentage of teachers aged between 30 and 49 in pre-primary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (41.9 %, rank 35/37 , 2022) Download Indicator
Teachers' salaries
The ratio of pre-primary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.39 Ratio, rank 1/13 , 2023) Download Indicator
The ratio of primary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.28 Ratio, rank 1/17 , 2023) Download Indicator
The ratio of lower secondary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.25 Ratio, rank 3/17 , 2023) Download Indicator
The ratio of upper secondary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.35 Ratio, rank 3/17 , 2023) Download Indicator
The average actual pre-primary teacher's salary among teachers aged between 25-64 is one of the highest per hour of net teaching time among OECD and partner countries with available data. (61126 USD Equivalent, rank 3/18 , 2023) Download Indicator
The ratio of lower secondary female teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year women workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.26 Ratio, rank 3/12 , 2023) Download Indicator
The ratio of lower secondary male teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year men workers with tertiary education is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.23 Ratio, rank 3/12 , 2023) Download Indicator
The salaries of 25-34 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is high in Portugal. (0.87 Ratio, rank 3/13 , 2023) Download Indicator
The salaries of 55-64 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is high in Portugal. (1.49 Ratio, rank 2/13 , 2023) Download Indicator
Teachers' salaries progression
The salary progression from the start to the top of the salary scale for a lower secondary school teacher is among the most rewarding among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.13 Ratio, rank 2/34 , 2023) Download Indicator
Principals' salaries
Lower-secondary 25-64 year-old school heads' salaries relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is high in Portugal. (1.82 Ratio, rank 2/13 , 2023) Download Indicator
Migrant background
The percentage of native-born aged between 25 and 64 who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (27.9 %, rank 31/34 , 2023) Download Indicator
Ratio of student to teaching staff
The ratio of students to teaching staff at the upper secondary level is especially low. (9.3 Ratio, rank 39/43 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the number of students per teacher in public lower secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.5 Ratio, rank 36/40 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the number of students per teacher in public upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9.1 Ratio, rank 39/43 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the number of students per teacher in all public secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.8 Ratio, rank 36/39 , 2022) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the number of students per teacher in independent private bachelor's, master's, doctoral or equivalent programmes is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (14.3 Ratio, rank 18/21 , 2022) Download Indicator
Employment and educational attainment
The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (97.2 %, rank 1/34 , 2023) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 55-64 year-olds with tertiary education is compartively high in Portugal. (86.2 %, rank 3/46 , 2023) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high compared to other OECD and partner countries. (83.3 %, rank 4/39 , 2023) Download Indicator
Employment by gender and educational attainment
The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively high. (90.8 %, rank 5/46 , 2023) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds without upper secondary education is comparatively high. (71.5 %, rank 4/45 , 2023) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively high. (85 %, rank 3/45 , 2023) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-64 year-old women without upper secondary education is comparatively high. (63.9 %, rank 4/45 , 2023) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-64 year-old women with tertiary education is comparatively high. (90.4 %, rank 2/46 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the share of employed 25-64 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (82.5 %, rank 1/39 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the share of employed 25-64 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (82.6 %, rank 2/36 , 2023) Download Indicator
Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high in Portugal compared to other countries with available data. (81.3 %, rank 2/39 , 2023) Download Indicator
Inactivity and educational attainment
The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with below upper secondary education is low in Portugal. (17 %, rank 42/44 , 2023) Download Indicator
The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is low in Portugal. (7.7 %, rank 45/45 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (5.3 %, rank 35/35 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (10.6 %, rank 38/38 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (6.6 %, rank 43/45 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with below upper secondary education is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (23.3 %, rank 42/45 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (5.6 %, rank 46/46 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (9.6 %, rank 45/45 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (10.8 %, rank 39/39 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (7.7 %, rank 36/36 , 2023) Download Indicator
The inactivity rate of 55-64 years-old adults with tertiary education is low in Portugal. (11.6 %, rank 43/46 , 2023) Download Indicator
Inactivity by gender and educational attainment
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women without an upper secondary education is relatively low. (24.6 %, rank 43/44 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate 25-64 year-old women without an upper secondary education is relatively low compared to other countries with available data. (30.3 %, rank 43/45 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (12.7 %, rank 37/37 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (12.7 %, rank 39/39 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (5.8 %, rank 35/35 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (9.8 %, rank 36/36 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (5.7 %, rank 36/36 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (9 %, rank 44/44 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (11.7 %, rank 45/45 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively low. (6.1 %, rank 45/45 , 2023) Download Indicator
In Portugal, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively low. (6 %, rank 46/46 , 2023) Download Indicator
Earnings and educational attainment
Earnings of foreign-born aged between 25 and 64 who work full- and part-time with a short cycle tertiary education are comparatively low. (109 %, rank 28/30 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of 25-64 year-old workers without an upper secondary education earning at or below half the overall median in Portugal is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (9 Index, rank 38/41 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of 25-64 year-old workers with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education earning at or below half the overall median in Portugal is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (6 Index, rank 37/41 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of 25-64 year-old workers with tertiary education earning at or below half the overall median in Portugal is one of the lowest among countries with available data. (3 Index, rank 36/40 , 2022) Download Indicator
Neither in education nor employed
The share of women without an upper secondary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Portugal is relatively low (35.5 %, rank 36/39 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of women with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education neither in employment nor in education and training (25-29 year-olds) in Portugal is relatively low (15.8 %, rank 23/26 , 2023) Download Indicator
The share of women who are inactive NEET (15-29 year-olds) in Portugal is relatively low. (5.5 %, rank 39/42 , 2022) Download Indicator
General findings
- Educational and labour-market outcomes for young adults at risk of falling behind have improved. Since 2016, the share of 18-24 year-olds not in employment, education or training has fallen from 16% to 14% on average across the OECD. At the same time, the share of 25-34 year-olds without an upper secondary qualification has decreased from 17% to 14%.
- Job opportunities have also improved: the employment rate among 25-34 year-olds without an upper secondary qualification has risen from 59% to 61%, and for those with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment, it has increased from 76% to 79%.
- Educational outcomes are transmitted across generations. Inequalities start early and persist through all stages of the education system. In countries with available data, children from low-income families are on average 18 percentage points less likely to be enrolled in early childhood education and care before the age of 3.
- Students who start an upper secondary programme are 19 percentage points less likely to successfully complete their studies if their parents have not attained upper secondary education than their peers with parents who have a tertiary qualification, and this gap is 13 percentage points for those starting a bachelors programmes.
- These disadvantages result in very different levels of educational attainment. While 72% of adults who have at least one parent with a tertiary qualification have also obtained a tertiary qualification, only 19% of those whose parents have not completed upper secondary education have tertiary attainment.
- Public expenditure on early childhood education measured as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 9% between 2015 and 2021, significantly more than for other levels of education. Enrolment rates in early childhood education have also continued to rise across all age groups. On average across the OECD, 83% of children aged 3-5 are enrolled in pre-primary education, up from 79% in 2013.
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- In almost all countries with available data, the share of younger adults (25-34 year-olds) without an upper secondary qualification has fallen since 2016 and for Costa Rica, Mexico, Portugal and Türkiye these declines have been in double digits in percentage-point terms. This means many more younger adults will have the opportunity to succeed in the labour market.
- On average across OECD countries, the share of women with at least a bachelor's or equivalent degree has almost doubled in a generation: going from 24% among 55-64 year-olds to 47% among 25-34 year-olds, reflecting a substantial increase in educational attainment.
- In most OECD countries, the share of 18-24 year-olds who are neither employed nor in formal education or training (NEET) has decreased between 2016 and 2023. Costa Rica and Lithuania are exceptions, having experienced a rise above 3 percentage points in the share over this period.
- Employment rates for younger adults (25-34 year-olds) slightly improved in most countries between 2016 and 2023, irrespective of their educational attainment level. However, the gap in employment rates between younger adults with below upper secondary attainment and those with tertiary attainment has widened in more than half of OECD, partner and/or accession countries with comparable data for both years.
- In OECD countries, workers who have not attained upper secondary education earn, on average, 18% less than those who have attained this level of education. Meanwhile, workers with a tertiary education earn, on average, 56% more than those with only an upper secondary education.
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- Most children aged 3 to 5 (84%) attend early childhood education (ECE) programmes across the OECD, yet only 32% of those aged 0 to 2 are enrolled in early childhood educational development programmes (ISCED 01) on average. Younger children from low-income families are least likely to attend these programmes, despite being likely to benefit the most.
- Since 2013, 12 countries have extended the length of compulsory education at either pre-primary or upper secondary level. As enrolment rates in the years before and after compulsory education are already generally high, these measures often aim to increase enrolment among disadvantaged groups, where rates are lower.
- The vast majority of primary students are enrolled in public institutions, averaging 85% across OECD countries. In some countries, government-dependent private institutions are prevalent, which often function in similar ways to public institutions.
- Gender disparities at the upper secondary level affect students pathways in the labour market and higher education. On average, 51% of graduates from upper secondary general programmes are female, but in vocational programmes female only make up 46% of graduates.
- Family background strongly influences success in upper secondary education. In all countries with available data, students whose parents have lower educational attainment have substantially lower completion rates than students with a tertiary-educated parent. Completion rates for students with immigrant backgrounds are also lower than for non-immigrant students.
- On average, women are over-represented in tertiary education, but they remain under-represented in some fields. Only 15% of female new entrants at tertiary level choose a science, technology, engineering or mathematics (STEM) field, compared to 41% of male new entrants. In contrast, only 4% of male entrants opted for the field of education and 8% for health and welfare, shares which have not changed since 2015.
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- Expenditure per student increases with the educational level in nearly all OECD countries, although by how much varies substantially among countries. On average, expenditure per student amounts to about USD 11 900 at primary level, USD 13 300 at secondary level and USD 20 500 at tertiary level.
- OECD countries spend, on average, the equivalent of 4.9% of their gross domestic product (GDP) (over USD 3.5 trillion in total) on educational institutions from primary to tertiary levels (including tertiary research and development). Iceland, Israel, Norway and the United Kingdom invest over 6% of their national output into education.
- Private sources play a much more important role in funding tertiary education, relative to government sources, than at lower levels. On average, private sources of funding amount to 0.3% of GDP for primary to post-secondary non-tertiary institutions, with a similar percentage for tertiary institutions. In contrast, government funding amounts to 3.2% of GDP for primary to post-secondary non-tertiary institutions, well above the 1.0% of GDP that governments spend on tertiary institutions.
- On average, across OECD countries, the government is the primary source of funding for both public and private primary schools. For public institutions, the government covers nearly all expenditure, amounting to about USD 11 900 per student, while it accounts for less than 60% of the costs for private ones, roughly USD 7 900 per student, on average. However, these figure vary considerably across countries.
- Tuition fees for bachelor's degrees vary considerably from country to country. In one-third of the countries and other participants with data, public institutions either offer tuition-free education to national students or charge less than USD 1 100 per year in fees. In another third of countries, annual tuition fees are relatively modest, averaging between USD 1 400 and USD 3 100 per student. In the remaining countries, fees are considerably higher, exceeding USD 4 500 per year.
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- Between 2013 and 2022, the ratio of children to teaching staff at pre-primary level fell across most countries, from 16:1 to 15:1 on average in OECD countries, due to fewer enrolled children and more teachers. In some countries, however, the ratio has increased due to rising child enrolment and teacher shortages.
- In most OECD countries, the salaries of teachers increase with the level of education they teach. On average across OECD countries and other participants, the salaries of teachers with the most prevalent qualifications with 15 years of experience range from USD 52 631 at pre-primary level to USD 60 803 at upper secondary level.
- Between 2015 and 2023, the statutory salaries of teachers at primary and secondary levels increased by 28-29% in nominal terms on average across OECD countries. When adjusted for changes in prices, the rise in real salaries was much smaller, at 4-5%.
- Based on official regulations or agreements, teachers in public schools in OECD countries and other participants are required to teach on average 1 007 hours per year at pre-primary level, 773 hours at primary level, 706 hours at lower secondary level (general programmes) and 679 hours at upper secondary level (general programmes).
- Of the 21 countries with available data, 18 reported that they faced teacher shortages at the start of the 2022/23 academic year, with only Greece, Korea and Türkiye not reporting any shortages.
- The ageing of the teaching workforce is more pronounced in secondary schools than in primary education. On average across OECD countries, the share of older teachers (aged 50 and over) increases with the education level: from 34% in primary education to 36% in lower secondary and 41% in upper secondary education.
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All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/
Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2018 for school year 2017/2018.
*TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages. Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and Annex 3 of EAG 2021 for more details about the data collections.
B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the People's Republic of China: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.