Country
Data profiles:
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Financial literacy (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2017) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2021) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
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Profile View
Select first some countries to compare, choose the charts you wish to display and customise them.
Attainment
The level of tertiary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (13.1 %, rank 41/45 , 2020) Download Indicator
Italy has one of the lowest percentages of 25-64 year-olds whose highest education level is a short-cycle tertiary education degree. (0 %, rank 40/40 , 2020) Download Indicator
The level of short-cycle tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.1 %, rank 34/35 , 2020) Download Indicator
Participation in education
The percentage of students in government-dependent private tertiary educational institutions is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 19/22 , 2019) Download Indicator
Graduation expectancy
Italy has one of the lowest percentages of young people expected to graduate from short tertiary education programmes before the age of 30. (0.6 %, rank 22/26 , 2019) Download Indicator
Excluding mobile students, Italy has one of the lowest percentages of young people expected to graduate from short tertiary education before the age of 30. (0.6 %, rank 18/22 , 2019) Download Indicator
Graduation
The share of first-time short-cycle graduates is relatively low in Italy. (1.5 %, rank 23/26 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of first-time master's graduates is relatively high in Italy. (16.4 %, rank 5/23 , 2019) Download Indicator
Graduation by gender
The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of education is relatively low in Italy. (2.2 %, rank 39/43 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the proportion of male tertiary graduates in the field of arts and humanities is relatively large. (11.8 %, rank 4/43 , 2019) Download Indicator
Graduation by age
In Italy, the percentage of first-time bachelor's graduates younger than 30 is relatively high. (92.1 %, rank 4/31 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the percentage of first-time master's graduates younger than 35 is relatively high. (93.8 %, rank 4/29 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the percentage of first-time doctorate graduates younger than 35 is relatively high. (82.7 %, rank 2/29 , 2019) Download Indicator
Graduation by field of education
The proportion of female tertiary graduates in social sciences, business and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (16 %, rank 40/43 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of arts and humanities is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (17 %, rank 3/44 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (17.8 %, rank 41/44 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of information and communication technologies is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.3 %, rank 43/43 , 2019) Download Indicator
The share of doctoral graduates in the field of education in Italy is relatively small. (0.8 %, rank 43/44 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the proportion of upper secondary vocational graduates in the field of services is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (28.6 %, rank 2/34 , 2019) Download Indicator
Fields of education
In Italy, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of education is relatively low. (4.3 %, rank 33/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of business, administration and law is relatively low. (15.7 %, rank 35/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is relatively low. (2.1 %, rank 35/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the percentage of new entrants to tertiary education in the field of health and welfare is relatively low. (8.1 %, rank 33/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
The share of female who enter tertiary education in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (60.8 %, rank 34/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of information and communication technologies among all national tertiary students in Italy is relatively low. (1.9 %, rank 41/42 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the share of new entrants in short-cycle tertiary programmes in field of health and welfare is relatively small. (0 %, rank 30/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
Student mobility
Italy has a small share of international students graduate from tertiary programmes compared to other OECD countries and partner economies. (2.4 %, rank 24/28 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of international students entering tertiary education in Italy is relatively low. (2.3 %, rank 27/31 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of international students entering bachelor's programmes is relatively low. (2.3 %, rank 31/35 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the proportion of international graduates among first-time short-cycle tertiary first-time graduates is relatively low. (0 %, rank 20/23 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the proportion of international graduates among first-time master's graduates is relatively low. (0.5 %, rank 29/29 , 2019) Download Indicator
Student mobility by field of education
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of education among all international or foreign tertiary students in Italy is relatively low. (1 %, rank 31/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of arts and humanities among all international or foreign tertiary students in Italy is relatively high. (32.9 %, rank 2/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of business, administration and law among all international or foreign tertiary students in Italy is relatively low. (13.5 %, rank 29/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of information and communication technologies among all international or foreign tertiary students in Italy is relatively low. (1.9 %, rank 41/42 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of students enrolled in the field of engineering, manunfacturing and construction among all international or foreign tertiary students in Italy is relatively high. (21.8 %, rank 4/33 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the share of international and foreign students among all students in the field of education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with avaialble data. (0.5 %, rank 31/35 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the share of international and foreign students among all students in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with avaialble data. (2.5 %, rank 32/35 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the share of international and foreign students among all students in the field of Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with avaialble data. (1.9 %, rank 32/35 , 2019) Download Indicator
Adult learning
In Italy, the number of annual hours of participation of adults without an upper secondary education in formal and/or non-formal education and training is comparatively low (60 %, rank 20/24 , 2016) Download Indicator
Adult participation in non-formal education
In Italy, the proportion of adults employed in the private sector and participating in non-job-related non-formal education and training sponsored by the employer is relatively low. (0.8 %, rank 26/30 , 2016) Download Indicator
In Italy, the proportion of adults employed in the public sector and participating in non-job-related non-formal education and training sponsored by the employer is relatively low. (1 %, rank 20/22 , 2016) Download Indicator
Expenditure per student
Expenditure per student for core educational services on tertiary education in Italy is comparatively low. (7684 USD Equivalent, rank 23/26 , 2018) Download Indicator
Expenditure in education and national wealth
In Italy, the international expenditure as a percentage of GDP from initial source of funds on primary to tertiary education is high. (0 USD Equivalent, rank 2/29 , 2018) Download Indicator
Public and private expenditure in education
The share of public expenditure on tertiary educational institutions is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.6 %, rank 38/41 , 2018) Download Indicator
In Italy, total public expenditure on primary through tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively low. (7.8 %, rank 37/41 , 2018) Download Indicator
In Italy, total public expenditure on primary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively low. (2 %, rank 37/40 , 2018) Download Indicator
Total public expenditure on education as a percentage of total government expenditure, for primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low in Italy compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.2 %, rank 37/41 , 2018) Download Indicator
Nature of expenditure
In Italy, the share of capital expenditure on primary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.1 %, rank 33/33 , 2018) Download Indicator
In Italy, the share of current expenditure on primary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (98.9 %, rank 1/33 , 2018) Download Indicator
The percentage of capital expenditure on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively in Italy. (1.3 %, rank 34/34 , 2018) Download Indicator
In Italy, the share of current expenditure on primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (98.7 %, rank 1/34 , 2018) Download Indicator
The share of capital expenditure for primary to tertiary education in Italy is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.2 %, rank 31/31 , 2018) Download Indicator
The share of current expenditure for primary to tertiary education in Italy is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (96.8 %, rank 1/31 , 2018) Download Indicator
The percentage of capital expenditure on secondary education is relatively in Italy. (1.4 %, rank 34/34 , 2018) Download Indicator
The percentage of current expenditure on secondary education is relatively in Italy. (98.6 %, rank 1/34 , 2018) Download Indicator
Teachers
The number of days of instruction in a school year in primary school is especially low. (170 Days, rank 29/32 , 2020) Download Indicator
The number of days of instruction in a school year in lower secondary school is especially low. (170 Days, rank 28/30 , 2020) Download Indicator
The number of days of instruction in a school year in upper secondary school is especially low. (170 Days, rank 28/30 , 2020) Download Indicator
Who the teachers are
The share of women among teaching staff in primary education is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (95.4 %, rank 4/44 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of primary teachers younger than 30 is especially low. (1.4 %, rank 37/38 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of lower secondary teachers younger than 30 is especially low. (2 %, rank 33/35 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of upper secondary teachers younger than 30 is especially low. (2.2 %, rank 35/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers younger than 30 is especially low. (1.9 %, rank 36/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of primary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is especially low. (40.5 %, rank 38/38 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of upper secondary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is especially low. (35.9 %, rank 37/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers aged between 30 and 49 is especially low. (39.7 %, rank 37/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of primary to upper secondary teachers older than 50 is especially high. (58.4 %, rank 1/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
The percentage of female teachers younger than 30 in primary education is especially high in Italy. (94 %, rank 1/38 , 2019) Download Indicator
Females aged 50 or more represent a large proportion of teachers in primary education in Italy. (96.6 %, rank 2/38 , 2019) Download Indicator
Teachers' salaries
The ratio of pre-primary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.66 Ratio, rank 17/21 , 2020) Download Indicator
The ratio of primary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.66 Ratio, rank 23/25 , 2020) Download Indicator
The ratio of lower secondary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.71 Ratio, rank 23/25 , 2020) Download Indicator
The ratio of upper secondary teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.76 Ratio, rank 21/25 , 2020) Download Indicator
The change between 2003 and 2013 in statutory salaries for upper secondary teachers with 15 years of experience and minimum training is comparatively small in Italy. (95 Index, rank 20/24 , 2020) Download Indicator
The ratio of lower secondary female teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year women workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.86 Ratio, rank 19/21 , 2020) Download Indicator
The ratio of lower secondary male teachers' salaries to earnings of full-time, full-year men workers with tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.61 Ratio, rank 19/21 , 2020) Download Indicator
The salaries of 35-44 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is low in Italy. (0.74 Ratio, rank 17/21 , 2020) Download Indicator
The salaries of 45-54 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is low in Italy. (0.64 Ratio, rank 19/21 , 2020) Download Indicator
The salaries of 55-64 year-old general lower-secondary teachers relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is low in Italy. (0.56 Ratio, rank 21/21 , 2020) Download Indicator
The change in statutory pre-primary teachers' salaries with 15 years of experience, based on most prevalent qualifications at different points in their careers is comparatively small in Italy. (95 Index, rank 16/20 , 2020) Download Indicator
Principals' salaries
Lower-secondary school heads' salaries relative to earnings for full-time, full-year similarly educated workers with tertiary education is high in Italy. (1.68 Ratio, rank 3/22 , 2020) Download Indicator
The average lower secondary school heads' actual salary is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (98704 USD Equivalent, rank 5/23 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Italy, the average actual salaries of 25-34 year-old lower-secondary school heads is relatively high compared to OECD and partner countries with available data. (98422 USD Equivalent, rank 1/17 , 2020) Download Indicator
The average actual salaries of lower secondary men school heads aged 25 to 64 is one of the highest in Italy. (100229 USD Equivalent, rank 5/21 , 2020) Download Indicator
The average actual salaries of lower secondary women school heads aged 25 to 64 is one of the highest in Italy. (98070 USD Equivalent, rank 5/21 , 2020) Download Indicator
Ratio of student to teaching staff
In Italy, the number of students per teacher in private upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.3 Ratio, rank 37/40 , 2019) Download Indicator
The ratio of students to teaching staff at the upper secondary level in independent private institutions is especially low in Italy. (7.3 Ratio, rank 21/23 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the number of students per teacher in all private secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.4 Ratio, rank 33/36 , 2019) Download Indicator
Employment and educational attainment
The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (73.7 %, rank 42/45 , 2020) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a master's or equivalent tertiary education degree is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (82.7 %, rank 37/41 , 2020) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with tertiary education is compartively low in Italy. (66.7 %, rank 42/44 , 2020) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in Italy. (62.5 %, rank 39/43 , 2020) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (67.3 %, rank 32/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (49.1 %, rank 39/40 , 2020) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (62.3 %, rank 37/40 , 2020) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 35-44 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (67.4 %, rank 38/40 , 2020) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 45-54 year-olds with a general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (71.3 %, rank 35/39 , 2020) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 35-44 year-olds with a short-cycle tertiary education is comparatively low. (60.6 %, rank 34/34 , 2020) Download Indicator
Employment by gender and educational attainment
The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with tertiary education is compartively low in Italy. (69.1 %, rank 43/44 , 2020) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is compartively low in Italy. (65 %, rank 41/44 , 2020) Download Indicator
Unemployment and educational attainment
The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with tertiary education is high in Italy. (24.9 %, rank 2/44 , 2020) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the highest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (13 %, rank 5/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Italy, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (22.6 %, rank 3/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
In Italy, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with general upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (42.8 %, rank 1/39 , 2020) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with vocational upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively high. (11.2 %, rank 4/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with vocational upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively high. (16.7 %, rank 5/33 , 2020) Download Indicator
Earnings, gender and educational attainment
The difference in earnings between 25-64 year-old women with tertiary education and those with upper secondary education is quite low. (131 Index, rank 33/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
Neither in education nor employed
The proportion of youth neither employed nor in education or training among 15-29 year-olds in Italy is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (23.5 %, rank 5/40 , 2020) Download Indicator
Social outcomes
In Italy, the proportion of adults who reported being interested in politics is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (33 %, rank 24/28 , 2018) Download Indicator
In Italy, the proportion of adults without an upper secondary education who reported being interested in politics is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (18.4 %, rank 24/25 , 2018) Download Indicator
In Italy, the proportion of adults who reported that the political system allows people like them to have a say in what the government does is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (16.5 %, rank 25/28 , 2018) Download Indicator
In Italy, the proportion of adults without an upper secondary education who reported that the political system allows people like them to have a say in what the government does relatively is low. (8.9 %, rank 24/25 , 2018) Download Indicator
In Italy, the proportion of adults with a tertiary education who reported that the political system allows people like them to have a say in what the government does relatively is low. (22.5 %, rank 25/28 , 2018) Download Indicator
Participation in education by gender
The share of female students entering short-cycle tertiary programmes in Italy is comparatively small. (27.6 %, rank 38/39 , 2019) Download Indicator
Entrance
In Italy, the average age of new entrants in doctoral programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (28.6 Years, rank 31/35 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the percentage of first-time entrants into tertiary education younger than 25 is relatively high. (94.3 %, rank 3/32 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the share of first-time entrants into bachelor's or equivalent programmes before the age of 25 is relatively high. (94.4 %, rank 5/37 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the share of first-time entrants into master's or equivalent programmes before the age of 30 is relatively high. (92.2 %, rank 2/38 , 2019) Download Indicator
In Italy, the proportion of first-time entrants into doctorate's or equivalent programmes before the age of 30 is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (71.7 %, rank 5/35 , 2019) Download Indicator
General findings
- One in five adults across the OECD has not attained upper secondary education.
- In 2020, the unemployment rate of adults that had not completed upper secondary education was almost twice as high as those with higher qualifications, and 27% of these adults earn only at or below half the median on average across OECD countries.
- In 2019, at least 10% of school-aged youth were not in school in about a quarter of OECD countries.
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- In 2019, women made up 55% of new entrants to tertiary education on average. If current patterns continue, it is expected that 46% of young women will graduate with a tertiary degree for the first time before they turn 30, 15 percentage points more than men.
- Women also earn on average about 76-78% of mens salaries regardless of educational attainment, although the gender gap narrowed by 2 percentage points between 2013 and 2019.
- Women are less likely than men to enter a STEM field of study, and the average share remained generally stable between 2013 and 2019.
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- On average across countries, expenditure on educational institutions amounted to approximately USD 9 300 per student at pre-primary level; USD 10 500 at primary, secondary and post-secondary non tertiary level; and USD 17 100 at tertiary level.
- The public sector funds 90% of total expenditure on primary and secondary institutions on average, often compulsory in most OECD countries, compared to 83% at pre-primary level and 66% at tertiary level.
- In 2018, the OECD countries spent on average 4.9% of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on primary to tertiary educational institutions.
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- In 2019, less than 5% of pre-primary teachers were men, compared to 18% at primary level, 40% at upper secondary level and more than 50% at tertiary level on average.
- Between 2005 and 2020, on average across OECD countries and economies with available data for all reference years, the statutory salaries of teachers with 15 years of experience and the most prevalent qualifications increased by 3% at primary level, 4% at lower secondary level (general programmes) and 2% at upper secondary level (general programmes).
- In most countries, teachers above 50 years of age make up more than a third of the teaching force.
- Attracting male teachers to the profession can be difficult: While the average actual salary of female teachers is equal to or higher than the average salary of other full-time, tertiary-educated women, primary and secondary male teachers earn between 76% and 85% of the average earnings of other full-time, tertiary-educated men.
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- On average across OECD countries, 87% of children aged 3-5 are enrolled in education on average across OECD countries compared to 25% for children below the age of 3.
- There are 15 children for every teacher at pre-primary level on average across OECD countries.
- Half of children enrolled in early childhood development services and a two-thirds of pre-primary children attend public institutions on average across OECD countries
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All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/
*TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages. Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and Annex 3 of EAG 2021 for more details about the data collections.
B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the People's Republic of China: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.