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    • Education system in Israel

    Israel
    ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018)
  • Compared to other participating countries, Israel has a small share of highly educated ECEC staff (both in pre-primary and in centres for children under age 3), and the smallest share of pre-primary staff participating in professional development activities (79%).
  • In Israel, a relatively smaller share of pre-primary staff report using practices that facilitate children's socio-emotional development rather than practices that facilitate children's language, literacy and numeracy skills.
  • Staff work with relatively large groups of children (on average, 29 children per group in pre-primary and 26 in centres for children under age 3). For pre-primary staff, the top spending priority is reducing group size.
  • Relatively high percentages of staff report using practices on diversity (such as playing with toys and artefacts from cultures other than the ethnic majority) compared to other participating countries (49% in pre-primary centres and 38% in centres for children under age 3).
  • A larger share of pre-primary staff have training profiles suited for working with a diversity of children in more than in less challenging ECEC centres (40% versus 28%). In centres with a larger diversity of children, they report needing more support from leaders.
  • Moderate shares of staff in Israel received training for working with a diversity of children in both their pre service and recent in-service training at the pre-primary level (49%).
  • Israel has one of the lowest shares of pre-primary staff whose formal education or training programme included facilitating transitions to primary education (57%) and one of the lowest shares of pre-primary leaders reporting that their centre is in communication with primary school teachers (39%).
  • A majority of pre-primary staff are satisfied with their jobs (98%). The percentage of pre-primary staff who feel valued in society (75%) and who are satisfied with their salary (33%) is higher than in several other countries.
  • Having too many children in the classroom is the main source of stress for pre-primary staff.
  • A relatively low percentage of leaders of pre-primary centres indicate having responsibilities over the appointment and recruitment of staff. Leaders in these centres indicate as their main source of stress the lack of ECEC staff to carry out work, and staff shortages as the main barrier to their effectiveness.
  • More than nine out ten staff report that their centre leaders encourage all staff to have a say in important decisions in their centres.
    • | Providing Quality ECEC: Results from the Starting Strong Survey 2018 | Country Note | Building a High-Quality ECEC Workforce: Further Results from the Starting Strong Survey 2018 | Country Note | Starting Strong Survey 2018 Conceptual Framework | Education policies: Teachers  |
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    The following list displays indicators for which your selected country shows the highest and lowest values among countries. The list can be sorted by level of education or by age group. All rankings are calculated including available data from OECD and partner countries. Find out more about the methodology here.

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    ECEC centre external evaluations

    A small proportion of leaders report receiving an inspection regarding process quality at least once every year. (21.9 %, rank 8/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Parental involvement

    In Israel, the share of leaders reporting that their centre provided workshops or courses regarding child-rearing or child-development over the 12 months prior to the survey is relatively small. (54.7 %, rank 7/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Opportunities for children's participation in decisions in the centre

    In Israel, a low percentage of leaders agree or strongly agree that the centre provides opportunities for children to actively participate in decisions (13.9 %, rank 6/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Who the ECEC staff are

    Compared to other TALIS participating countries, Israel has a large proportion of female among ECEC staff. (98.8 %, rank 1/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Among TALIS countries, Israel has a small proportion of ECEC staff aged under 30. (15.3 %, rank 8/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Among TALIS countries, Israel has a high proportion of ECEC staff aged 50 or older. (28.7 %, rank 2/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Who the ECEC leaders are

    Compared to most other TALIS countries, Israel has a high percentage of female ECEC centre principals. (98.8 %, rank 1/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Compared to most other TALIS countries, Israel has a high proportion of ECEC centre leaders aged under 30. (6.7 %, rank 2/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Compared to most other TALIS countries, Israel has a high percentage of ECEC centre leaders aged between 30 and 49. (70.4 %, rank 1/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Israel has one of the smallest share of ECEC centre leaders aged 50 or older, compared to other TALIS countries. (22.8 %, rank 8/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Professional development of ECEC leaders

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary leaders participated in peer and/or self-observation and coaching formal arrangements as part of their in-service training in the 12 months prior to the survey. (57 %, rank 3/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary leaders 'agree' or 'strongly agree' that not having enough staff to compensate for their absence represents a barrier to participation in professional development. (49.1 %, rank 3/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Education and initial preparation of ECEC staff

    In Israel, the percentage of staff whose formal education or training programme included working with parents or guardians/families is relatively low. (61.2 %, rank 8/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    The proportion of staff whose formal education or training programme included facilating transitions to primary education is one of the smallest among TALIS participating countries and economies. (57.5 %, rank 7/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Compared to most other TALIS countries, a larger proportion of staff report that working with dual/second language learners was included in their formal training programme. (24.3 %, rank 5/6 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Compared to most other TALIS countries, a smaller proportion of staff report that working with children with special needs was included in their formal training programme. (56.3 %, rank 6/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of pre-primary staff whose highest level of education is above secondary level is relatively low. (61.3 %, rank 8/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the pre-service formation preparing the pre-primary staff specifically to work with children covered few thematic areas. (6.7 %, rank 9/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of pre-primary novice teachers whose pre-service formation encompassed contents related to working with a diversity of children is relatively low. (82.5 %, rank 8/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Professional development of ECEC staff

    The share of staff that did not participate in professional development activities over the 12 months prior to the survey is one of the smallest among TALIS participating countries and economies. (79.2 %, rank 8/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Compared to most other TALIS countries, a smaller proportion of staff whose professional development activities over the 12 months prior the survey included working dual language learners. (19.2 %, rank 6/7 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary staff participated in peer and/or self-observation and coaching formal arrangements as part of their in-service training in the 12 months prior to the survey. (47.6 %, rank 2/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary staff participated in induction or mentoring activities as part of their in-service training in the 12 months prior to the survey. (59.3 %, rank 2/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary staff have covered contents related to child development in both their pre-service and recent in-service training. (83.3 %, rank 2/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a small share of pre-primary staff have covered contents related to working with a diversity of children in both their pre-service and recent in-service training. (49.5 %, rank 7/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary staff have covered contents related to pedagogy in both their pre-service and recent in-service training. (63.6 %, rank 1/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a small share of pre-primary staff 'agree' or 'strongly agree' that there is no relevant professional development offered. (22.6 %, rank 8/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary staff reported a 'high' level of need for futher professional development for working with a diversity of children. (39.7 %, rank 3/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary staff, working in centres with more than 10% of children from socio-economically disadvantaged homes, have completed pre-service education or training that prepared them specifically to work with children. (80.7 %, rank 2/7 , 2018) Download Indicator

    ECEC staff practices facilitating literacy, numeracy and language development

    In Israel, a relative low proportion of staff reported that their ECEC centre use a lot books/pictures with children. (60 %, rank 6/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    ECEC staff practices facilitating socio-emotional development

    Israel has a relative large share of staff who reported that their ECEC center encourage a lot children to help each other. (92.6 %, rank 2/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Israel has a relative large share of staff who reported that hugging the children is a practice that applies a lot in their ECEC centre. (80.4 %, rank 1/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    ECEC staff beliefs about skills and abilities that will prepare children for the future

    In Israel, a large percentage of ECEC staff believe that children's ability to cooperate easily with others is highly important in preparing children for the future. (90.5 %, rank 2/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large percentage of ECEC staff believe that children's ability to think creatively is highly important in preparing children for the future. (85.2 %, rank 2/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    ECEC staff beliefs about spending priorities

    In Israel, a large proportion of staff responded that reducing group size by recruiting more ECEC staff was “of high importance” if, the budget were to increase by 5%. (86 %, rank 1/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large proportion of staff who responded that supporting children with special needs was “of high importance” if, thinking about the ECEC sector as a whole, the budget were to increase by 5%. (82.5 %, rank 2/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Working conditions of ECEC staff

    In Israel, a relatively large percentage of staff reported that having too many children in their classroom is a source of stress. (33.6 %, rank 2/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of staff who ''agree'' or ''strongly agree'' with the statement ''all in all, I am satisfied with my job'' is comparatively high. (98.3 %, rank 1/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of staff who ''agree'' or ''strongly agree'' that ECEC staff are valued in society is comparatively large. (75.2 %, rank 1/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of pre-primary staff engaging 'weekly' or 'daily' in discussions with colleagues about children's development, well-being and learning is low. (41 %, rank 8/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a small share of pre-primary staff reported that 'working in a different job not in the ECEC sector' is the most likely reason to leave the ECEC staff role. (6.4 %, rank 7/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the average number of weekly hours spent on tasks related to the job at the ECEC centre is relatively low. (34.4 %, rank 8/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of pre-primary staff reporting they engage 'weekly' or 'daily' in working with other ECEC staff to discuss the evaluation of children's development and well-being is low. (33.9 %, rank 9/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of pre-primary staff reporting they 'agree' or 'strongly agree' that they need more support from their ECEC centre leader is low. (30.6 %, rank 7/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a small share of pre-primary staff reported that 'a lack of resources' is 'a lot' a source of stress. (22.3 %, rank 7/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary staff reported that 'accomodating children with special needs' is 'a lot' a source of stress. (13.4 %, rank 3/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of pre-primary staff indicating 'resolving health-related issues' as the most likely reason to leave the ECEC role is low. (3.1 %, rank 9/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of pre-primary staff reporting 'resolving health-related issues' as the most likely reason to leave the profession is less important when they feel high stress from 'having too many children in the classroom/playgroup/group'. (0.2 %, rank 8/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of pre-primary staff who reported needing more support from their centre leader is more important in centres with a high concentration of children from socio-economically disadvantaged homes. (15.8 %, rank 1/7 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the share of pre-primary staff who reported being satisfied with their salary is more important in centres with a high concentration of children from socio-economically disadvantaged homes. (3 %, rank 2/7 , 2018) Download Indicator

    ECEC leaders' job satisfaction

    Israel has one of the largest share of leaders believing that ECEC staff are valued in society. (74.3 %, rank 1/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Israel has one of the largest share of leaders who report being satisfied with their job. (98.5 %, rank 2/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, the percentage of pre-primary leaders who 'agree' or 'strongly agree' that they are dissatisfied with the influence they have over choosing the staff working in their centre is high. (58 %, rank 1/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary leaders reported that having too much administrative work is 'quite a bit' or 'a lot' a source of stress. (72.2 %, rank 2/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Leadership practices

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary staff 'agree' or 'strongly agree' that their centre leader ensures that staff performance is managed effectively. (97.7 %, rank 1/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary staff 'agree' or 'strongly agree' that their centre leader ensures that staff take responsibility for improving their practices. (96.4 %, rank 1/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary staff 'agree or 'strongly agree' that their centre leader encourages co-operation among staff to develop new ideas in their practices. (95.6 %, rank 1/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a small share of pre-primary leaders reported that informal communication with parents or guardians takes place at the centre on a 'weekly' or 'daily' basis. (57.8 %, rank 8/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary staff 'agree' or 'strongly agree' that their centre leader encourages all staff to have a say in important decisions. (94.7 %, rank 1/9 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary staff, working in centres with more than 10% of children from socio-economically disadvantaged homes, 'strongly agree' that their centre leader encourages co-operation among staff to develop new ideas in their practices. (64.5 %, rank 1/7 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a small share of pre-primary leaders, working in centres with more than 10% of children from socio-economically disadvantaged homes, reported that informal communication with parents or guardians takes place on a 'weekly' or 'daily' basis. (48.4 %, rank 7/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    In Israel, a large share of pre-primary leaders, working in centres with more than 10% of children from socio-economically disadvantaged homes, reported that formal communication with parents or guardians takes place on a 'weekly' or 'daily' basis. (67.1 %, rank 2/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Organisation of the education system

    Compared to most other TALIS countries, Israel has a low proportion of ECEC centre leaders who report that there is communication with primary school teachers in their centre. (11.2 %, rank 6/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Governance

    A large proportion of leaders report that they or other centre staff have significant responsibility for deciding on budget allocations within their centres. (66.5 %, rank 2/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    A small proportion of leaders reported that they or other centre staff have significant responsibility for appointing or hiring ECEC staff. (9.9 %, rank 8/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Israel has one of the highest proportion of ECEC centre leaders who reported that their centre is publicly managed. (91 %, rank 1/8 , 2018) Download Indicator

    Compared to most other TALIS countries, Israel has a low proportion of ECEC centre leaders who reported that their centre is privately managed. (9 %, rank 8/8 , 2018) Download Indicator


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    General findings
    
                        
    
                            
    
                                
    • Across countries participating in the Starting Strong Survey, more than 90% of ECEC staff are female. Furthermore, more than 80% of leaders are female in all countries with the exception of Chile (77%), Japan(64%) and Turkey (25%).
    • The highest proportion of ECEC staff under 30 years old is found in Korea (43%) followed by Turkey and Japan where more than 30% of ECEC staff belongs to this age group. On the other hand, Germany, Israel and Iceland have more than one quarter of ECEC staff aged above 50. More than half of ECEC centre leaders are aged 50 or more in Iceland, Germany, Korea and Chile and  in Japan the eight out of ten centre leaders are above 50.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Teachers | Education policies: School leadership | 
    
                            
    
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    • Staff in the ECEC field have typically completed education beyond secondary school. Training specifically to work with children is not universal, from 64% of ECEC staff in Iceland to 97% in Germany have pre-service training with a focus on working with children. Among these staff, from 45% in Chile to 92% in Japan completed some practical training during their initial preparation programmes. Staff whose programme included a practical module covered more areas in their pre-service training than staff whose programmes did not.
    • Staff with more education and training and more responsibility report that they adapt their practices in the classroom or playroom to individual children's development and interests. 
    • In all countries, a majority of staff (more than 75%) report having participated in professional development activities within the 12 months prior to the Survey. However, this is more often the case for teachers than assistants, especially in Chile and Israel. Staff who are less educated tend to participate less in professional development activities. 
    • In addition to broad participation in in-service training, the quality of training matters. The breadth (i.e. number of thematic areas) and the alignment of training (i.e. cumulative training in a given area in both pre-service and recent in-service training) are two dimensions of such quality. 
    • On average across countries, less than 40% engaged in formal peer or self-observation activities and only 32% were involved in induction or mentoring activities. 
    • In Chile and Japan, there is a high demand from pre-primary staff for formation including contents related to working with a diversity of children. 
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Teacher initial education | Education policies: Teacher professional development | Education policies: School leader preparation and development | 
    
                            
    
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    • Around 70% of staff report regular use of practices facilitating children's socio-emotional development (such as encouraging children to help each other) or practices facilitating children's language development (such as singing songs or rhymes). Specific practices emphasising literacy and numeracy (such as playing with letters or playing number games) are used to a lesser extent. 
    • The ability to co-operate easily with others is at the top of the list of skills and abilities that ECEC staff regard as important for young children to develop. 
    • Exchanging information with parents regarding daily activities and children's development is common. Smaller percentages of staff report encouraging parents to play and carry out learning activities at home with their children. 
    • Staff across countries and levels of education concur that reducing group size, improving staff salaries and receiving support for children with special needs are important spending priorities. 
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Teacher practices | Education policies: Learning environment | 
    
                            
    
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    • According to both leaders and staff, ECEC centres provide opportunities for staff to participate in decision making. However, this is not widespread in all countries and views of staff and leaders are not always aligned. In Chile, Japan and Norway, in particular, pre-primary staff agree to a lesser extent that staff can participate in the centre’s decision making. 
    • At pre-primary level, leaders engage frequently with parents or guardians through informal communication, especially in Chile, Iceland, Japan, Norway and Denmark (with low response rates). In Chile and Japan, formal communication is also frequent. 
    • While most leaders are satisfied overall with their jobs, they report relatively low levels of satisfaction with their salaries, in particular in Germany, Israel, Iceland and Japan, at pre-primary level. 
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: School leadership | 
    
                            
    
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    • Staff in all countries report feeling more valued by the children they serve and their parents or guardians than by society in general. Although staff's satisfaction with their salaries is low, they report high levels of overall job satisfaction. In several countries, staff who feel that ECEC staff are more valued by society report more use of practices in the classroom or playroom adapted to individual children's development and interests.
    • Lack of resources and having too many children in the classroom or playroom are major sources of work-related stress among ECEC staff. For centre leaders, a primary source of work-related stress is having too much administrative work associated with their job. Leaders also report that inadequate resources for the centre and staff shortages are the main barriers to effectiveness.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Teacher working conditions | Education policies: School leader working conditions | 
    
                            
    
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    • Nine of ten ECEC centre leaders report receiving funds from public sources in the last 12 months in all countries excepted for Turkey (71%). On the other hand, more than 70% report receiving private funding in all countries excepted for Chile and Iceland (37% and 33%, respectively). 
    • Across all countries participating in the Starting Strong Survey, only in Turkey more than half of ECEC centres are co-located with a primary school. This is the case for only 30% of centres in Japan and for less than 10% of centres in Israel, Japan, Germany and Norway.
    • Public management of centres ranges from more than 90% in Israel to less than 30% in Germany.
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Organisation & Governance | Education policies: Sources of funding | Education policies: Use and allocation of public funds | Education policies: School autonomy | Education policies: Parental involvement | 
    
                            
    
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    • ECEC staff training profiles respond to the diversity of children in ECEC settings. In many participating countries, the share of staff with training for working with children from diverse backgrounds is greater in pre-primary centres with a higher proportion of children from socio-economically disadvantaged homes or of dual language learners. 
    • Differences between centres in terms of the composition of children or availability of resources are only moderately associated with staff working conditions, which means that staff in more challenging centres are not systematically compensated with better working conditions. In Chile and Germany, staff in pre-primary centres with a more diverse population of children report more stress due to a lack of resources. 
    
                            
    
                            
    
                                | Education policies: Equity | Education policies: Teacher professional development | 
    
                            
    
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			Click on the coverpage to see the full OECD iLibrary version
			
    
				Key
            
    

            Country Reviews for Israel
            
    
            
    
                
			
    

        
    
		
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
              
        
    
            Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced
            by countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple
            most- or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in
            education must be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities, 
			such as loans and grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey
            more and better content to students, but may hinder investments in other important
            areas. If you want further information on the nature of different variables, please
            take the time to read the analysis and contextual information, available at the website
            for each publication.
    
            All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. 
            The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/
            

    
	    *TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. 
		This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS average.
		Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and 
		Annex 3 
		of EAG 2019 for more details about the data collections.
            

    
			B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the People's Republic of China:
Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
			

    
            For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.