Country
Data profiles:
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, primary education (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2017) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Overview of the education system (EAG 2024) |
Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Student performance in 18 out of 27 regions (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Student performance (PISA 2022) |
Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Profile View
Select first some countries to compare, choose the charts you wish to display and customise them.
Student performance in mathematics
The score difference in mathematics between the 10% of students with the highest scores and the 10% of students with the lowest scores is one of the largest among PISA-participating countries and economies. (280 PISA Score, rank 3/80 , 2022) Download Indicator
Student performance in reading
The score difference in reading between the 10% of students with the highest scores and the 10% of students with the lowest scores is one of the largest among PISA-participating countries and economies. (323 PISA Score, rank 2/80 , 2022) Download Indicator
Student performance in science
The score difference in science between the 10% of students with the highest scores and the 10% of students with the lowest scores is one of the largest among PISA-participating countries and economies. (285 PISA Score, rank 3/80 , 2022) Download Indicator
Educational outcomes
in Israel, compared to the share of students who did not attended pre-primary school for at least one year, the share of students who did so having repeated a grade at least once in any education level is one of the smallest among PISA-participating countries and economies, after accounting for students' and schools' socio-economic profile. (0.2 Ratio, rank 68/70 , 2022) Download Indicator
Classroom environment
Israel has one of the largest share of students in schools that group students by abillity for some subjects. (70.4 %, rank 4/80 , 2022) Download Indicator
Learning strategies
Israel had one of the highest shares of students who ask questions when they do not understand the math material that was being taught, more than half of the time at least. (57.2 %, rank 4/79 , 2022) Download Indicator
Confidence in mathematics: Preparing for the future
Israel had one of the lowest shares of students who frequently interpret mathematical solutions in the context of a real-life challenge. (13.3 %, rank 75/79 , 2022) Download Indicator
Performance and socio-economic status
The difference in mathematics performance associated with a one-unit increase in the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) is one of the largest among PISA-participating countries and economies. (51 PISA Score, rank 2/79 , 2022) Download Indicator
Israel has one of the highest differences in mathematics performance between students in the top quarter and students in the bottom quarter of the economic, social and cultural status index (ESCS). (124 PISA Score, rank 3/79 , 2022) Download Indicator
Israel has one of the smallest differences in mathematics score associated with repeating a grade among OECD and partner countries/economies, before accounting for students' and schools' socio-economic profile. (-124 PISA Score points, rank 74/76 , 2022) Download Indicator
Resources for education
In Israel, students agree less with various statements about regulation of ICT use at school than in other the OECD and partner countries/economies. (-0.25 PISA Index, rank 49/52 , 2022) Download Indicator
Teachers' practices
The difference in mathematics performance associated with a one-unit increase in the index of teacher support is relatively small in Israel, before accounting for students' and schools' socio-economic profile. (-8 PISA Score points, rank 53/54 , 2022) Download Indicator
Learning time
Israel has one of the longest learning time per week in regular language-of-instruction lessons. (29 Hours, rank 3/80 , 2022) Download Indicator
COVID-19 effects on education
Compared to other OECD and partner countries/economies, students in Israel had a relatively bad experience with learning at home. (-0.17 PISA Index, rank 67/71 , 2022) Download Indicator
The difference between advantaged and disadvantaged students in the confidence they have on their capacity to drive self-directed learning is one of the smallest among countries participating in PISA (0.22 PISA Index, rank 70/73 , 2022) Download Indicator
General findings
- Singapore scored significantly higher than all other countries/economies in mathematics (575 points) and, along with Hong Kong (China), Japan, Korea, Macao (China), and Chinese Taipei, outperformed all other countries and economies in mathematics. Another 17 countries also performed above the OECD average (472 points), ranging from Estonia (510 points) to New Zealand (479 points).
- Boys outperformed girls in mathematics by nine score points and girls outperformed boys in reading by 24 score points on average across OECD countries. In science, the performance difference between boys and girls is not significant.
- An average of 69% of students are at least basically proficient in mathematics in OECD countries. This means they are beginning to demonstrate the ability and initiative to use mathematics in simple real-life situations.
- In 16 out of 81 countries/economies participating in PISA 2022, more than 10% of students attained Level 5 or 6 proficiency, meaning they are high-performing: they understand that a problem is quantitative in nature and can formulate complex mathematical models to solve it. By contrast, less than 5% of students are high-performing in 42 countries/economies.
Visualisations
- Singapore scored significantly higher than all other countries/economies in reading (543 points) and science (561 points). Behind Singapore, Ireland performed as well as Estonia, Japan, Korea and Chinese Taipei while another 14 education systems performed above the OECD average in reading (476 points), ranging from Macao (China) (510 points) to Italy (482 points).
- About three out of four students have achieved basic proficiency in reading in OECD countries.
- In reading, an OECD average of 7% of students attained the highest proficiency levels of 5 or 6. In 13 countries/economies, more than 10% of students are top performers in reading.
- No change in the OECD average over consecutive PISA assessments up to 2018 has ever exceeded five points in reading: in PISA 2022, however, the OECD average dropped by about 10 score points in reading compared to PISA 2018.. The unprecedented drops reading point to the shock effect of COVID-19 on most countries.
- Only four countries and economies improved their performance between PISA 2018 and 2022 in all three subjects: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, the Dominican Republic and Chinese Taipei.
- Trend analysis of PISA results reveals a decades-long decline that began well before the pandemic. In reading, performances peaked in 2012 and 2009, respectively, before dipping while performance began a downward descent in mathematics before 2018 in Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Slovak Republic and Switzerland.
Visualisations
- Mean performance in science remained stable.
- In science, the highest-performing education systems are Singapore, Japan, Macao (China), Chinese Taipei, Korea, Estonia, Hong Kong (China) and Canada. Finland performed as well as Canada in science. In addition to these nine countries and economies, another 15 education systems also performed above the OECD average in science (485 points), ranging from Australia (507 points) to Belgium (491 points).
- About three out of four students have achieved basic proficiency science in OECD countries.
- In science, an OECD average of 7% of students attained the highest proficiency levels of 5 or 6. In 14 countries/economies, more than 10% of students are top performers in science.
- Only four countries and economies improved their performance between PISA 2018 and 2022 in all three subjects: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, the Dominican Republic and Chinese Taipei.
- Trend analysis of PISA results reveals a decades-long decline that began well before the pandemic. In science, performances peaked in 2012 and 2009, respectively, before dipping. while performance began a downward descent in mathematics before 2018 in Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Slovak Republic and Switzerland.
Visualisations
- Socio-economically advantaged students scored 93 points more in mathematics than disadvantaged students on average across OECD countries. The performance gap attributed to students' socio-economic status is greater than 93 score points in 22 countries or economies and 50 points or fewer in 13 countries or economies.
- Boys outperformed girls in mathematics by nine score points and girls outperformed boys in reading by 24 score points on average across OECD countries. In science, the performance difference between boys and girls is not significant.
- Non-immigrant students scored 29 points more than immigrant students in mathematics on average across OECD countries but non-immigrant students scored only five points more than immigrant students once socio-economic status and language spoken at home had been accounted for.
Visualisations
- Between 2018 and 2022 trends in students' sense of belonging at school were mixed, with equal proportions of countries/economies showing stable, improving or deteriorating trends. Of the 47 education systems with improving or stable trends, only 20 maintained or attained a level of students' sense of belonging at school that was at or above the OECD average.
- Around 10% of students reported feeling unsafe on their way to or from school, or in places outside of the classroom, on average across OECD countries. Some 20% of students reported that they are bullied at least a few times a month.
- Overall, students felt more confident about using digital technology for learning remotely during future school closures than they felt about taking responsibility for their own learning. For instance, on average across OECD countries, about three out of four students reported that they feel confident or very confident about using a learning-management system, a school learning platform or a video communication program, as well as about finding learning resources online on their own.
- Students' experience with learning at home was more positive in systems that were better prepared for remote learning. However, when learning remotely, 40% of all students reported feeling lonely and 50% of all students reported feeling anxious about schoolwork and that they fell behind in their studies; and three in ten students reported that teachers were not available when needed, on average across OECD countries.
Visualisations
- Singapore, Korea, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Estonia and Finland are the highest-performing systems in creative thinking, significantly above the OECD average. Students in Singapore score 41 points on average in creative thinking.
- There is a large performance gap in creative thinking between the highest-performing and lowest-performing country of 28 score points or around four proficiency levels. 97 out of 100 students in the five best-performing countries performed above the average student in the five lowest performing countries.
- Academic excellence is not a pre-requisite for excellence in creative thinking. While around half of all students who performed at the highest level in creative thinking performed at the highest level in mathematics, similar proportions of students within the third quintile of creative thinking performance scored within the second, third and fourth quintiles, respectively, in mathematics. However, very few students below a baseline proficiency in mathematics excelled in creative thinking.
- In no country or economy did boys outperform girls in creative thinking, with girls scoring 3 points higher in creative thinking on average across the OECD. The gender gap is significant in all countries/economies after accounting for mathematics performance and in around half of all countries/economies even after accounting for students reading performance.
- Students with higher socio-economic status performed better in creative thinking, with advantaged students scoring around 9.5 points higher than their disadvantaged peers on average across the OECD. In general, the strength of the association between socio-economic status and performance is weaker in creative thinking than it is for mathematics, reading and science.
Visualisations
- Asking questions is key to learning. However, less than half of students ask questions often when they dont understand something in mathematics class.
- Critical thinking is a vital learning strategy. It involves considering other perspectives before forming ones own opinion. Less than 60% of students employ critical-thinking strategies on average.
- Connecting new knowledge with existing knowledge is crucial. Yet, less than half of students report doing this regularly in mathematics lessons.
- Intrinsic motivation predicts the use of learning strategies. Only around half of students report being intrinsically motivated to learn new things in school.
- Growth mindsets are linked to positive learning strategies and outcomes. While 58% report a general growth mindset, fewer students feel this way specifically about mathematics.
- Most students feel confident finding information online, but judging the quality of that information remains a challenge, especially for lower performers.
- Proactive learners who connect new material with prior knowledge and stay engaged in the classroom are most confident in their mathematics skills for the 21st century.
- Only about a third of students are exposed to 21st-century mathematics tasks, such as applying solutions to real-life situations. Practices like exploring different problem-solving methods are associated with increased confidence in these skills.
Visualisations
All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/
Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2018 for school year 2017/2018.
*TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages. Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and Annex 3 of EAG 2021 for more details about the data collections.
B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the People's Republic of China: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.