Country
Data profiles:
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| ECEC staff, leaders and their working conditions (Starting Strong Survey 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2012) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2017) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary and lower secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, lower and upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Adult skills (Survey of Adult Skills, PIAAC, 2015) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Overview of the education system (EAG 2023) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
| Student performance in 18 out of 27 regions (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Student performance (PISA 2022) |
| Teachers and teaching conditions, primary to upper secondary education (TALIS 2018) |
Profile View
Select first some countries to compare, choose the charts you wish to display and customise them.
Attainment
The level of upper secondary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (22.3 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The level of upper secondary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (34.4 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The level of upper secondary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (65.6 %, rank 1/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The level of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (13.9 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (77.7 %, rank 1/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The level of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9.3 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The level of tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (12.9 %, rank 46/46 , 2022) Download Indicator
The level of tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (20.5 %, rank 42/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The level of tertiary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.5 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
India has one of the highest percentages of 25-64 year-old adults with less than primary education. (33.9 %, rank 1/34 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who attained a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (3.4 %, rank 2/37 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the share of 25-34 year-olds who attained a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (4.9 %, rank 1/35 , 2022) Download Indicator
Attainment by gender
The proportion of 25-64 year-old men who have attained a general degree at the tertiary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (15.3 %, rank 44/46 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 25-64 year-old women who have attained a general degree at the tertiary level is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (10.6 %, rank 46/46 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 25-64 year-old men who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (26.6 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 25-34 year-old men who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (38.2 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 35-44 year-old men who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (24.5 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 45-54 year-old men who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (20.5 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 55-64 year-old men who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (15.5 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 25-64 year-old women who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 25-34 year-old women who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (30.7 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 35-44 year-old women who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (15.6 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 45-54 year-old women who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (10.8 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 55-64 year-old women who have attained at least upper secondary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.5 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 35-44 year-old men who have attained tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (13.9 %, rank 43/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 45-54 year-old men who have attained tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11.4 %, rank 44/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 55-64 year-old men who have attained tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (9 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 25-34 year-old women who have attained tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (18.6 %, rank 44/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 35-44 year-old women who have attained tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.7 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 45-54 year-old women who have attained tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.2 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The proportion of 55-64 year-old women who have attained tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of 25-64 year-old women who attained a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the smallest among countries with available data. (7.6 %, rank 41/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of 25-34 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in India is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (61.8 %, rank 1/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of 25-34 year-old women who attained below upper secondary education in India is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (69.3 %, rank 1/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of 25-64 year-old men who attained below upper secondary education in India is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (73.4 %, rank 1/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of 25-64 year-old women who attained below upper secondary education in India is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (82 %, rank 1/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of 25-34 year-old men who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in India is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (15.8 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of 25-34 year-old women who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in India is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (12.1 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of 25-34 year-old men who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in India is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11.3 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of 25-64 year-old women who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in India is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (7.4 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of 55-64 year-old men who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in India is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.5 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The share of 55-64 year-old women who attained upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education in India is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.5 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
Participation in education
The enrolment rate of 6-14 year-olds in India is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (90.3 %, rank 42/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
The proportion of upper secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (8.6 %, rank 43/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of 25-29 year-olds in India is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.1 %, rank 44/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the percentage of female students enrolled in upper secondary vocational programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (11.1 %, rank 43/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
The percentage of 3-5 year-old children in early childhood and primary education in India is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (60.7 %, rank 38/41 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the enrolment rate of children under 3 is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0 %, rank 37/40 , 2021) Download Indicator
The share of upper secondary 15-19-year-old students enrolled in vocational programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.5 %, rank 41/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of students aged 17 in vocational upper secondary programmes in India is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.9 %, rank 39/40 , 2021) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate of students aged 18 in vocational upper secondary programmes in India is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.9 %, rank 37/40 , 2021) Download Indicator
India has one of the smallest shares of lower secondary students enrolled in vocational programmes. (0.2 %, rank 20/23 , 2021) Download Indicator
(100 %, rank 1/30 , 2021) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in upper secondary programmes in India is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (36 %, rank 43/45 , 2021) Download Indicator
The enrolment rate among students aged 15-19 in upper secondary vocational programmes in India is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2 %, rank 39/40 , 2021) Download Indicator
The percentage of four-year-olds in primary education in India is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (2.3 %, rank 3/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
The percentage of five-year-olds in primary education in India is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (28.2 %, rank 5/45 , 2021) Download Indicator
The share of female students enrolled in lower secondary vocational programmes is one of the lowest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (18.5 %, rank 22/22 , 2021) Download Indicator
Graduation by field of education
The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (13.5 %, rank 44/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of natural sciences, mathematics and statistics is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (11.3 %, rank 1/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of health and welfare is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.5 %, rank 44/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
The percentage of tertiary graduates in the field of services is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 42/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
The share of doctoral graduates in the field of health and welfare in India is relatively small. (2.9 %, rank 41/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the proportion of bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (13.5 %, rank 45/45 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the proportion of bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent graduates in the field of health and welfare is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.5 %, rank 44/45 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the proportion of bachelor's, master's and doctoral or equivalent graduates in the field of services is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 42/45 , 2021) Download Indicator
Graduation by field of education and gender
The proportion of female tertiary graduates in health and welfare is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (4.8 %, rank 44/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
The proportion of female tertiary graduates in social sciences, business and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (13.9 %, rank 44/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the share of female tertiary graduates in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (23.1 %, rank 1/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the share of female tertiary graduates in the field of sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (21.7 %, rank 1/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the proportion of male tertiary graduates in the field of arts and humanities is relatively small. (3.2 %, rank 41/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the proportion of male tertiary graduates in the field of social sciences, journalism and information is relatively large. (17.3 %, rank 1/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the share of male tertiary graduates in the field of business, administration and law is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (13.2 %, rank 44/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics is relatively low in India. (28.8 %, rank 40/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
The share of male tertiary graduates in the field of health and welfare is relatively low in India. (2.3 %, rank 43/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in all fields is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (51.1 %, rank 42/45 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the field of education is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (61.7 %, rank 44/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of social sciences, journalism and information is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (55.9 %, rank 42/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (41.7 %, rank 3/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of information and communication technologies is one of the largest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (48.1 %, rank 2/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (28.8 %, rank 43/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the share of female graduates in tertiary education in the fields of health and welfare is one of the smallest among OECD countries and partner economies with available data. (66.4 %, rank 43/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
Student mobility
India has one of the smallest proportion of international or foreign students enrolled in tertiary education among OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.1 %, rank 44/44 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, international or foreign students from North America are most represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (5.6 %, rank 5/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, international or foreign students from Latin America and the Caribbean are least represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (0.2 %, rank 40/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, international or foreign students from Europe are least represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (1.8 %, rank 42/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, international or foreign students from Africa are highest represented among all international or foreign students, compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (22.6 %, rank 5/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in tertiary education among men is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (0.2 %, rank 42/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the share of international or foreign students enrolled in tertiary education among women is relatively low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (0.1 %, rank 43/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
(0.1 %, rank 38/38 , 2021) Download Indicator
(0.1 %, rank 38/38 , 2021) Download Indicator
Government and private expenditure in education
The share of public expenditure on tertiary educational institutions is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (4.4 %, rank 3/46 , 2020) Download Indicator
In India, total public expenditure on primary through tertiary educational institutions as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively high. (12.9 %, rank 5/45 , 2020) Download Indicator
Compared to 2015, the share of total public expenditure from initial source of funds for primary to tertiary education is comparatively largest in India. (137 Index, rank 1/41 , 2020) Download Indicator
Who the teachers are
The share of women among teaching staff in primary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (55.5 %, rank 44/45 , 2021) Download Indicator
The share of women among teaching staff in lower secondary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (49.5 %, rank 40/41 , 2021) Download Indicator
The share of women among teaching staff in upper secondary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (43.9 %, rank 42/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
Ratio of student to teaching staff
The number of students per teacher in tertiary institutions is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (25 Ratio, rank 4/36 , 2021) Download Indicator
The number of students per teacher in primary schools is one of the highest among OECD countries and partner countries with available data. (26.3 Ratio, rank 1/46 , 2021) Download Indicator
The ratio of students to teaching staff at the lower secondary level is especially high. (18.9 Ratio, rank 5/41 , 2021) Download Indicator
The ratio of students to teaching staff at the upper secondary level is especially high. (23.1 Ratio, rank 2/43 , 2021) Download Indicator
In India, the number of students per teacher in public institutions tertiary education is one of the highest among countries with available data. (53 Ratio, rank 1/37 , 2021) Download Indicator
Employment and educational attainment
The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low. (63.6 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (66.2 %, rank 41/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (63 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is low compared to other OECD and partner countries. (65.5 %, rank 36/36 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with tertiary education is compartively low in India. (56.8 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in India. (61.5 %, rank 42/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 55-64 year-olds with tertiary education is compartively low in India. (52.2 %, rank 44/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 35-44 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low. (73.5 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 45-54 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low. (76.9 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 35-44 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (71.3 %, rank 41/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in India. (57.1 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
Compared to other countries with available data, the employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively low in India. (55.8 %, rank 26/26 , 2022) Download Indicator
Employment by gender and educational attainment
The employment rate among 25-64 year-old men without upper secondary education is comparatively high. (92 %, rank 1/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-64 year-old women without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (35.6 %, rank 41/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-64 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (27.8 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-64 year-old women with tertiary education is comparatively low. (31.6 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with below upper secondary education is compartively high in India. (94.4 %, rank 1/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-old men with tertiary education is compartively low in India. (81 %, rank 42/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with below upper secondary education is compartively low in India. (27.7 %, rank 42/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is compartively low in India. (28.2 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 25-34 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in India. (23.8 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 55-64 year-old men with tertiary education is compartively low in India. (67.6 %, rank 44/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 55-64 year-old women with tertiary education is compartively low in India. (18.1 %, rank 45/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The employment rate among 55-64 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in India. (21.1 %, rank 43/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
Unemployment and educational attainment
The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with below upper secondary education is comparatively low. (2.6 %, rank 42/43 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively high. (15.8 %, rank 2/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-olds with below upper secondary education is comparatively low. (1.3 %, rank 40/41 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (0.4 %, rank 42/42 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively low. (0.3 %, rank 42/42 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (1.6 %, rank 43/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively high. (8.9 %, rank 4/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (8.5 %, rank 5/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest of all OECD countries and partner economies for which data are available. (10 %, rank 1/21 , 2022) Download Indicator
Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively high in India. (14.8 %, rank 3/42 , 2022) Download Indicator
Compared to other countries with available data, the unemployment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is relatively high in India. (18.9 %, rank 1/8 , 2022) Download Indicator
Unemployment by gender and educational attainment
The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old men without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (1.7 %, rank 42/43 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 25-64 year-old women without upper secondary education is comparatively low. (1.4 %, rank 41/42 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old men with below upper secondary education is compartively low in India. (2.8 %, rank 40/41 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old men with tertiary education is compartively high in India. (14 %, rank 2/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old women with below upper secondary education is compartively low in India. (1.8 %, rank 39/39 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is compartively high in India. (21.2 %, rank 2/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old men with below upper secondary education is compartively low in India. (1.4 %, rank 40/41 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old men with tertiary education is compartively low in India. (0.3 %, rank 39/39 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is compartively low in India. (0.4 %, rank 41/41 , 2022) Download Indicator
The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-old women with below upper secondary education is compartively low in India. (1.1 %, rank 38/40 , 2022) Download Indicator
Inactivity and educational attainment
The inactivity rate of 25-34 years-old adults with tertiary education is high in India. (32.6 %, rank 1/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (33.1 %, rank 1/43 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a bachelor's or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (31.1 %, rank 1/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (31.2 %, rank 1/14 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with a doctoral or equivalent tertiary education degree is one of the highest among countries with available data. (27.3 %, rank 1/28 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education is one of the highest among countries with available data. (30.1 %, rank 1/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is one of the highest among countries with available data. (31.8 %, rank 1/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
Inactivity by gender and educational attainment
In India, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women without an upper secondary education is relatively high. (71.8 %, rank 1/43 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the inactivity rate 25-64 year-old women without an upper secondary education is relatively high compared to other countries with available data. (63.9 %, rank 2/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men without an upper secondary education is relatively low compared to other countries with available data. (2.8 %, rank 43/43 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men without an upper secondary education is relatively low compared to other countries with available data. (6.4 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (74.9 %, rank 1/43 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively high. (71.3 %, rank 1/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (4.1 %, rank 41/43 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old men with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is relatively low. (5.3 %, rank 44/44 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the inactivity rate of 25-34 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively high. (64.2 %, rank 1/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
In India, the inactivity rate of 25-64 year-old women with tertiary education is relatively high. (63.5 %, rank 1/45 , 2022) Download Indicator
General findings
- On average in OECD countries, the employment rate for younger adults (25-34 year-olds) with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education as their highest attainment is 83% for those with a vocational qualification and 73% for those with a general one.
- Combined school- and work-based vocational programmes facilitate the transition into the labour market. In Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia and Switzerland, around nine out of ten upper secondary VET students are in a combined school- and work-based programme, but in 10 countries, the share is less than one in five.
- Vocational education and training (VET) programmes, which often require specific equipment and infrastructure, typically cost more per student than general programmes. On average across OECD countries, expenditure per student is about USD 11 400 in general upper secondary programmes, compared to about USD 13 200 in vocational programmes.
- On average across OECD countries, 43% of teachers in vocational upper secondary programmes are aged 50 or over. This reflects an ageing VET teacher workforce, and also that some VET teachers join the teaching profession after an industry work experience.
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- On average across OECD, 20% of adults (25-64 year-olds) still do not have an upper secondary qualification in 2022. Forty percent have an upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary qualification as their highest level of education, the same share as those with a tertiary degree.
- Employment rates increase as educational attainment increases. Among 25-64 year-olds, the employment rate is 59% for those with below upper secondary attainment. This rises to 77% for adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment and 86% for those with tertiary attainment.
- Civic engagement tends to increase as educational attainment increases. Across the OECD countries and accession countries participating in the European Social Survey (ESS) Round 10, around 10% of individuals with tertiary attainment have participated in a public demonstration in the previous 12 months, whereas 6% of individuals with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary educational attainment have done so.
- The most common form of participation in adult learning is non-formal education and training, mostly job related. Slightly more than one in ten adults (25-64 year-olds) participate in non-formal education and training on average across OECD and accession countries reporting data with a four-week reference period, of which almost 80% have engaged in at least one job-related learning activity.
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- On average, 18% of children under 2 and 43% of 2-year-olds were enrolled in early childhood education (ECEC) programmes in 2021 but other ECEC services also play a significant role. In Japan, 26% of children under 2 and 53% of 2-year-olds are enrolled in ECEC services outside ISCED 0.
- In Canada, Ireland and New Zealand, vocational programmes mostly serve those who have completed their initial schooling, and less than 12% of 15-19 year-old upper secondary students are pursuing VET. In contrast, there are 11 OECD countries where the majority of 15-19 year-olds enrolled in upper secondary education are in vocational programmes.
- Most upper secondary VET students are in programmes that offer direct access to tertiary education. Countries where around 30% or more vocational students enrolled in programmes that lead to full level completion without direct access to tertiary education tend to be those with multiple vocational tracks and bridging options to allow progression to higher levels of education.
- On average, 72% of students who enter upper secondary education graduate within its theoretical duration across countries with available data. Two years after the end of the theoretical duration, the average completion rate has increased to 82%.
- Students who entered a general upper secondary programme have a higher rate of completion (87%) than those who entered in a vocational programme (73%) in nearly all countries two years after the end of the theoretical programme duration.
- The COVID-19 pandemic had a very uneven impact on international student flows across countries during the period 2019-2021. While the share of mobile students fell by 6 percentage points in Australia and 9 percentage points in New Zealand, it increased in several countries and remained unchanged in many others.
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- Across OECD countries, expenditure per student averages around USD 10 700 at the primary level, USD 11 900 at secondary and USD 18 100 at tertiary level. This reflects the fact that higher levels of education often require teachers to have more advanced qualifications and specialised knowledge which are usually accompanied by higher salaries.
- Vocational education and training (VET) programmes, which often require specific equipment and infrastructure, typically cost more per student than general programmes. On average across OECD countries, expenditure per student is about USD 11 400 in general upper secondary programmes, compared to about USD 13 200 in vocational programmes.
- Upper secondary vocational programmes receive between 3% and 17% of all funding for primary to tertiary educational institutions. Post-secondary non-tertiary programmes, which are often vocational, receive as much as 7% of funding (in Ireland) and short-cycle tertiary as much as 10% (in Canada).
- In 2020, on average across OECD countries, 84% of the funding for primary to tertiary educational institutions came directly from government sources, 15% from private sources and 1% from non-domestic (international) sources.
- Higher education levels tend to have higher teachers' salary costs per student. On average across OECD countries, they rise from USD 3 614 per student in primary education to USD 4 424 in lower secondary education. This is mostly due to a combination of higher teachers' salaries and instruction time, and shorter teaching hours.
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- Students across the OECD receive an average of 7 634 hours of compulsory instruction during their primary and lower secondary education, ranging from 5 245 hours in Poland to double that in Australia (11 000 hours).
- Teachers' actual salaries at pre-primary, primary and general secondary levels of education are 81-95% of the earnings of tertiary-educated workers on average across OECD countries and other participants.
- School heads' actual salaries are more than 51% higher on average than those of teachers across primary and secondary education in OECD countries and other participants.
- More than three-quarters of the OECD countries have national, or central, examinations in the final years of upper secondary education (in general programmes). A large majority of these countries use these examinations to grant students access to tertiary education.
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All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/
Reference years displayed in the Education GPS correspond to the most common year of reference among countries for which data is available on each variable. Data for the latest available year is preferred and some countries may have provided data refering to a more recent or late year. To know more about possible exceptions on data please click on the "Download Indicator" link on each variable. When a year of reference corresponds to a school year encompassing two years, the reference reads as follows: 2018 for school year 2017/2018.
*TALIS averages are based on all countries participating in the TALIS survey, including partner countries and economies. This explains the difference between the OECD average and the TALIS averages. Data from the TALIS survey and Education at a Glance (EAG) may differ. See Annex E of the TALIS technical report and Annex 3 of EAG 2021 for more details about the data collections.
B-S-J-Z (China) refers to the four PISA-participating provinces/municipalities of the People's Republic of China: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.