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Slovenia
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Slovenia
Overview of the education system (EAG 2013)
  • Upper secondary attainment is high in Slovenia, where most students will graduate from a vocational and technical programme. In 2011, 84% of 25-64 year-olds and virtually all (94%) of the younger generation (25-34 year-olds) held at least an upper secondary qualification (OECD average: 75% and 82%, respectively). Given 2011 patterns of graduation, it is expected that three out of four (75%) of those whose highest level of attainment is upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education will graduate from a vocational education and training (VET) programme, in contrast with only 47% across the OECD countries. In Slovenia the 2011 unemployment rate for those who graduated from a vocational programme was more than 5 percentage points lower than for those from a general programme (7.8% versus 12.9%).
  • In 2011, the majority of the population (59%) had only attained an upper secondary education, in contrast with an OECD average of 44%. Just 25% of the working-age population had a tertiary education, below the OECD average of 32%, although the rate has improved for the younger cohorts. Furthermore, the tertiary attainment rate of Slovenians aged 25-34 with 34 year-olds % is significantly higher than those of the 55-64 year-old cohort (16%), and the entry rate into tertiary-type A programmes is also relatively high (75%) compared with an OECD average of 60%.
  • Between 2008 and 2011, unemployment rates for adults (25-64 year-olds) with a university degree only increased by 1.6 percentage points, similar to the OECD average increase of 1.5 percentage points. On the other hand, unemployment rates for the upper secondary educated population increased by 4.7 percentage points, which was higher than the OECD average rise of 2.4 percentage points. The picture is worse for the younger cohort (25-34 year-olds). Those without a tertiary education experienced a rise in their unemployment rate of at least 7.5 percentage points during the same period.
  • Based on 2011 data, adults aged 25-64 with a tertiary education can expect to earn 83% more than their counterparts with only upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary attainment. This earnings premium is higher in Slovenia than the OECD average, where the average earnings premium is "only" about 57% more for those who hold a tertiary degree. At the same time, those without an upper secondary education earn, on average, 24% less than their peers educated to upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary level, an earnings penalty equal to the OECD average.
    • | Education at a Glance 2013 | Country Note | Annexes from Education at a Glance 2013 | Glossary for Education at a Glance | Ministrstvo za izobrazevanje, znanost in sport (Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport) | Statisticni urad (Statistical Office) |
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    The following list displays indicators for which your selected country shows the highest and lowest values among countries. The list can be sorted by level of education or by age group. All rankings are calculated including available data from OECD and partner countries. Find out more about the methodology here.

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    Not in education

    The proportion of 15-19 year-olds who are neither employed nor in education or training is comparatively small in Slovenia. (3 %, rank 32/34) Download Indicator

    Pre-primary

    Annual expenditure per pre-primary pupil is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (7744 USD Equivalent, rank 8/32) Download Indicator

    The number of pupils per teacher in pre-primary schools is one of the smallest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (9 , rank 27/31) Download Indicator

    (219 Days, rank 7/30) Download Indicator

    The number of hours pre-primary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively large in Slovenia. (1314 Hours, rank 5/29) Download Indicator

    Pre-primary and primary

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained only pre-primary or primary education is one of the smallest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (1 %, rank 29/37) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old men with only primary or pre-primary education is comparatively low. (27 %, rank 25/26) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among 25-64 year-old women with only primary or pre-primary education is comparatively low. (17 %, rank 24/26) Download Indicator

    Primary

    Compulsory instruction time for 7-8 year-olds, in hours per year, in Slovenia is one of the shortest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (664 Hours, rank 23/31) Download Indicator

    Compulsory instruction time for 9-11 year-olds, in hours per year, in Slovenia is one of the shortest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (664 Hours, rank 24/31) Download Indicator

    Classes are particularly small in primary schools. (19 Students, rank 23/31) Download Indicator

    The number of hours primary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively small in Slovenia. (690 Hours, rank 22/31) Download Indicator

    Primary and lower secondary

    Compulsory instruction time for 7-14 year old students, in hours per year, in Slovenia is among the shortest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (6437 Hours, rank 22/30) Download Indicator

    Intended instruction time for 7-14 year old students, in hours per year, in Slovenia is one of the shortest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (6437 Hours, rank 25/30) Download Indicator

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (6 %, rank 31/35) Download Indicator

    The level of below upper secondary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (17 %, rank 24/33) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among individuals without an upper secondary education is comparatively low. (47 %, rank 29/35) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among men without an upper secondary education is comparatively low. (55 %, rank 29/35) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-olds with below upper secondary education is comparatively low. (5 %, rank 23/31) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among men without an upper secondary education is comparatively high. (10 %, rank 9/30) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among women without an upper secondary education is comparatively low. (6 %, rank 24/32) Download Indicator

    Compared with other OECD and G20 countries, the earnings of men without an upper secondary education are relatively high compared to those of men with an upper secondary education. (77 Index, rank 6/17) Download Indicator

    Compared with other OECD and G20 countries, the earnings of women without an upper secondary education are relatively high compared to those of women with an upper secondary education. (76 Index, rank 7/18) Download Indicator

    Compared with other OECD and G20 countries, the earnings of adults without an upper secondary education are relatively high compared to those of adults with an upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education. (76 Index, rank 6/18) Download Indicator

    Lower secondary

    Compulsory instruction time for 15-year old students, in hours per year, in Slovenia is one of the shortest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (817 Hours, rank 27/31) Download Indicator

    Intended instruction time for 12-14 year-olds, in hours per year, in Slovenia is one of the shortest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (2451 Hours, rank 25/31) Download Indicator

    Intended instruction time for 15-year old students, in hours per year, in Slovenia is among the shortest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (2451 Hours, rank 26/31) Download Indicator

    Compulsory instruction time for 12-14 year-olds, in hours per year, in Slovenia is one of the shortest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (817 Hours, rank 25/31) Download Indicator

    Classes are particularly small in lower secondary schools. (19 Students, rank 28/30) Download Indicator

    The ratio of students to teaching staff at the lower secondary level is especially low. (8 %, rank 32/32) Download Indicator

    The number of hours lower secondary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively large in Slovenia. (690 Hours, rank 9/26) Download Indicator

    Secondary

    The number of students per teacher in secondary schools is one of the smallest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (11 , rank 27/36) Download Indicator

    Upper secondary

    The level of upper secondary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (94 %, rank 5/35) Download Indicator

    In Slovenia, the percentage of today's young people expected to graduate from upper secondary education is one of the among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (75 %, rank 4/36) Download Indicator

    The percentage of young people expected to graduate from pre-vocational and vocational programmes in upper secondary education in Slovenia is comparatively high (99 %, rank 1/29) Download Indicator

    In Slovenia, the percentage of today's young men expected to graduate from upper secondary education is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (94 %, rank 2/29) Download Indicator

    In Slovenia, the percentage of today's women expected to graduate from upper secondary education is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (104 %, rank 1/29) Download Indicator

    The proportion of upper secondary vocational men graduates who studied Engineering, manufacturing and construction is one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries (55 %, rank 19/25) Download Indicator

    The proportion of upper secondary vocational men graduates who studied Sciences is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries (7 %, rank 7/25) Download Indicator

    The proportion of upper secondary vocational men graduates who studied agriculture is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries (5 %, rank 9/25) Download Indicator

    The proportion of upper secondary vocational women graduates who studied humanities, arts and education is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries (14 %, rank 6/25) Download Indicator

    The proportion of upper secondary vocational women graduates who studied social science, business and law is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries (37 %, rank 6/25) Download Indicator

    The proportion of female graduates who studied engineering, manufacturing and construction in upper secondary vocational programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries (7 %, rank 17/25) Download Indicator

    The proportion of female graduates who studied sciences in upper secondary vocational programmes is one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries (0 %, rank 17/25) Download Indicator

    The proportion of female graduates who student agriculture in upper secondary vocational programmes is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries (6 %, rank 6/25) Download Indicator

    The proportion of male graduates who studied humanities, arts and education in upper secondary vocational programmes is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries (3 %, rank 9/25) Download Indicator

    The proportion of male graduates who studied health and welfare in upper secondary vocational programmes is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries (5 %, rank 7/25) Download Indicator

    The proportion of male graduates who studied social sciences, business and law in upper secondary vocational programmes is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries (14 %, rank 8/25) Download Indicator

    The proportion of upper secondary students enrolled in vocational or pre-vocational programmes is one of the largest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (65 %, rank 7/42) Download Indicator

    The number of days of instruction in a school year in upper secondary school is especially large. (190 Days, rank 9/31) Download Indicator

    Primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education

    The change in expenditure between 2005 and 2010 at primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary levels is comparatively small. (103 Index, rank 29/33) Download Indicator

    The change in the number of students between 2005 and 2010 at primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary levels is comparatively small. (90 Index, rank 26/33) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (60 %, rank 4/36) Download Indicator

    The level of upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (59 %, rank 6/36) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained vocational programmes in the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (55 %, rank 6/27) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds men who have attained vocational programmes in the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (62 %, rank 4/27) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds women who have attained vocational programmes in the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (47 %, rank 6/27) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds who have attained general programmes in the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (5 %, rank 22/27) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds men who have attained general programmes in the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (4 %, rank 22/27) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-64 year-olds women who have attained general programmes in the upper secondary or post-secondary level is one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (6 %, rank 23/27) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among men with an upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (74 %, rank 33/36) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively high. (12 %, rank 8/36) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-olds with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively high. (6 %, rank 7/27) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among men with an upper secondary or a post-secondary non-tertiary education is comparatively low. (3 %, rank 25/34) Download Indicator

    Tertiary-type B (vocational)

    The percentage of today's young people expected to graduate from tertiary-type B (vocational) programmes before turning 30 in Slovenia ranks as one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (16 %, rank 3/21) Download Indicator

    Tertiary-type A (academic)

    In Slovenia, the annual growth of first-time graduation rates in tertiary-type A education is comparatively high. (13 %, rank 1/25) Download Indicator

    The percentage today's young people expected to graduate from tertiary-type A (academic) programmes in Slovenia ranks as one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (29 %, rank 25/28) Download Indicator

    In Slovenia the percentage of young people expected to enter tertiary-type A programmes during their lifetimes is comparatively high. (75 %, rank 7/36) Download Indicator

    The level of tertiary attainment among 25-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (24 %, rank 25/34) Download Indicator

    The level of tertiary attainment among 25-34 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (25 %, rank 24/33) Download Indicator

    The level of tertiary attainment among 55-64 year-olds is one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (16 %, rank 26/34) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among individuals with a tertiary education is comparatively high. (86 %, rank 8/36) Download Indicator

    The employment rate among women with a tertiary education is comparatively high. (86 %, rank 4/36) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively high. (6 %, rank 7/34) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among 55-64 year-olds with tertiary education is comparatively high. (5 %, rank 7/29) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among individuals with a tertiary education is comparatively low. (3 %, rank 30/35) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among men with a tertiary education is comparatively low. (3 %, rank 29/35) Download Indicator

    The unemployment rate among women with a tertiary education is comparatively low. (3 %, rank 26/34) Download Indicator

    Compared with other OECD and G20 countries, the difference in earnings between men with a tertiary education and those with an upper secondary education is quite high. (197 Index, rank 4/18) Download Indicator

    Compared with other OECD and G20 countries, the difference in earnings between women with a tertiary education and those with an upper secondary education is quite high. (180 Index, rank 7/18) Download Indicator

    Compared with other OECD and G20 countries, the proportional difference in earnings between adults with a tertiary education and those with an upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education is quite high. (183 Index, rank 4/18) Download Indicator

    In Slovenia, cumulative expenditure on tertiary education is one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (31097 USD Equivalent, rank 17/20) Download Indicator

    The change in expenditure between 2005 and 2010 at the tertiary level is comparatively small. (108 Index, rank 26/32) Download Indicator

    The change in the number of students between 2005 and 2010 at the tertiary level is comparatively small. (104 Index, rank 22/31) Download Indicator

    The share of private expenditure on tertiary education is one of the smallest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (15 %, rank 23/30) Download Indicator

    The percentage of all tertiary students in Slovenia who are international students is one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (2 %, rank 29/36) Download Indicator

    The number of students per teacher in tertiary institutions is one of the largest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (19 , rank 6/27) Download Indicator

    All levels of education + not allocated by level

    In Slovenia the change in public expenditure between 2008 and 2010 on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP is comparatively small. (101 Index, rank 25/31) Download Indicator

    In Slovenia the change in GDP between 2008 and 2010 is comparatively small. (93 Index, rank 31/34) Download Indicator

    In Slovenia the change in public expenditure between 2008 and 2010 on educational institutions is comparatively small. (102 Index, rank 25/30) Download Indicator

    The change in public expenditure on education as a percentage of total public expenditure between 2008 and 2010 is one of the smallest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (97 Index, rank 22/30) Download Indicator

    The expected number of years in education for 15-29 year-old men and women in Slovenia is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (9 %, rank 1/35) Download Indicator

    The expected number of years in education for 15-29 year-old men in Slovenia is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (8 %, rank 4/35) Download Indicator

    The expected number of years in education for 15-29 year-old women in Slovenia is one of the highest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (10 %, rank 1/35) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 15-19 year-olds who are neither employed nor in education or training is comparatively small in Slovenia. (3 %, rank 32/34) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 20-24 year-olds who are neither employed nor in education or training is comparatively small in Slovenia. (11 %, rank 28/34) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 25-29 year-olds who are neither employed nor in education or training is comparatively small in Slovenia. (16 %, rank 26/34) Download Indicator

    The proportion of 15-29 year-olds who are neither employed nor in education or training is comparatively small in Slovenia. (11 %, rank 27/34) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 15-29 year-old young men who are not in education, are unemployed and are not in the labour force in Slovenia is one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (8 %, rank 29/32) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 15-29 year-old young women who are not in education, are unemployed and are not in the labour force in Slovenia is one of the lowest among OECD and G20 countries with available data. (10 %, rank 28/34) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 15-29 year-olds without an upper secondary degree who are neither employed nor in education or training is comparatively low in Slovenia. (8 %, rank 30/34) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 15-29 year-olds with an upper secondary or post-secondary degree who are neither employed nor in education or training is comparatively low in Slovenia. (11 %, rank 26/34) Download Indicator

    The percentage of 15-29 year-olds with a tertiary degree who are neither employed nor in education or training is comparatively high in Slovenia. (13 %, rank 9/31) Download Indicator


    General findings
    • Across almost all OECD countries, upper secondary attainment is the norm. On average, 75% of 25-64 year-olds and 82% of 25-34 year-olds had reached this level of attainment in 2011. However, despite notable strides, some countries remain far below the OECD average in upper secondary attainment. For example, in Mexico, Portugal and Turkey, less than 20% of the population had attained upper secondary education as the highest level of education in 2011.
    • Vocational education and training is a major factor in the educational attainment of people in many countries. In 2011, a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education was the highest level of attainment for more than 50% of 25-64 year-olds in Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia. However, in these countries, people tend to leave education after attaining upper secondary qualifications. In an additional 10 OECD countries, a vocational upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary attainment was the highest educational level for more than 30% of 25-64 year-olds.
    • Tertiary attainment levels have increased considerably over the last decades. On average across OECD countries, the proportion of 25-64 year-olds that hold a tertiary qualification has increased by 4.2% per year since 2000. However, even though tertiary attainment rates have increased in recent years, less than 35% of both men and women had attained a tertiary education in 2011.
    • If current tertiary attainment rates among 25-34 year-olds are maintained, the proportion of adults in France, Ireland, Japan and Korea who have a tertiary education will surpass that of other OECD countries, while the proportion in Austria, Brazil and Germany will fall further behind other OECD countries.
    • Significant progress has been achieved in reducing the gender gap in educational attainment and women have surpassed men in many aspects of education in OECD countries. Among 30-34 year-olds, more than 40% of women had a tertiary education in 2011, surpassing the rate of men with that level of education by about 8 percentage points. Tertiary attainment rates among young women have grown strongly in Australia, Canada, Ireland, Israel, New Zealand, Norway and Sweden, where 50% or more of younger women in that age group had attained tertiary education in 2011.
    | OECD Better Life Index |
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    • Across OECD countries, employment rates are highest among people who have a tertiary education; and these individuals are also most likely to be employed full time.
    • Unemployment rates are nearly three times higher among individuals who do not have an upper secondary education (13% on average across OECD countries in 2011) than among those who have a tertiary education (5% in 2011).
    • Individuals who have at least an upper secondary education have a greater chance of being employed than those without that level of education.
    • Gender differences in employment rates are smallest among tertiary-educated individuals and largest among men and women who do not have an upper secondary education.
    • In all OECD countries, adults with tertiary education earn more than adults with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education, who, in turn, earn more than adults with a below upper secondary education.
    • On average across OECD countries, the difference in earnings between younger and older workers increases with educational attainment, benefitting more educated older workers. The earnings premium for tertiary-educated 55-64 year-olds is generally larger than that for all tertiary educated workers: in 2011, on average, the earnings differential between these two groups increased by 16 percentage points.
    | OECD Better Life Index | OECD Employment Outlook | OECD Skills Strategy |
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    • In 2011, on average across OECD countries, 16% of 15-29 year-olds were neither employed nor in education or training (NEET) (7% unemployed and 9% inactive), as were 8% of 15-19 year-olds (2.7% unemployed and 5.8% inactive), and 20% of 25-29 year-olds (8% unemployed and 12% inactive).
    • In Chile, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Spain and Turkey, more than 20% of 15-29 year-olds were NEET in 2011 compared to less than 10% in Austria, Iceland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. Unemployment levels are particularly worrying in Greece (14.6% in 2011) and Spain (17.0% in 2011), as is inactivity among young people in those countries (7.1% and 7.5%, respectively, in 2011).
    • On average across OECD countries in 2011, 18% of 15-29 year-old women were NEET (12% inactive and 6% unemployed) as were 13% of 15-29 year-old men (7% unemployed and 6% inactive).
    | OECD Skills Strategy | Education Indicators in Focus: How difficult is it to move from school to work? | OECD Action Plan for Youth |
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    • In 2010, OECD countries spent an average of 6.3% of their GDP on educational institutions. Out of the 33 countries for which data were available, this proportion exceeded 7% in Denmark, Iceland, Israel, Korea, New Zealand, Norway and the United States. Only the Czech Republic, Hungary Italy, the Russian Federation and the Slovak Republic spent less than 5% of their GDP on educational institutions.
    • On average, OECD countries spent USD 9 313 annually per student from primary through tertiary education in 2010: USD 7 974 per primary student, USD 9 014 per secondary student and USD 13 528 per tertiary student. Spending per pre-primary student amounted to USD 6 762 per year.
    • While there was no clear global trend in how the proportion of public expenditure on education evolved during the economic crisis, in 14 out of the 30 countries with available data, public expenditure on education grew at a faster rate than public expenditure on all other services between 2008 and 2010.
    • Public funding accounted for 84% of all funds for educational institutions on average in OECD countries in 2010, and between 2000 and 2010, public funding increased for all levels of education combined. However, more pressure has been put on households to share the cost of education, and private funding increased at an even greater rate in more than three-quarters of countries. The share of public and private investment in education differs among education levels. Tertiary institutions and, to a lesser extent, pre-primary institutions obtain the largest proportions of funds from private sources (32% and 18%, respectively, in 2010).
    | PISA in Focus: Does money buy strong performance in PISA? | Education Indicators in Focus: Which factors determine the level of expenditure on teaching staff? |
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    • The ratio of students to teaching staff varies across OECD countries and levels of education. At the primary level, there were more than 15 students for every teacher on average in OECD countries in 2011. In most countries, the student-teacher ratio decreases between primary and lower secondary school, despite an increase in class size. In 2011, there were, on average, about 14 students per teacher at the secondary level. At the tertiary level, there were, on average, about 16 students per teacher in OECD countries.
    • The number of teaching hours per teacher in public schools in 2011 averaged 790 hours per year in primary education, 709 hours in lower secondary education, and 664 hours in upper secondary education.
    • Teachers' statutory salaries vary widely across countries, but often increase with the level of education. In 2011, the statutory salaries of teachers with at least 15 years of experience averaged USD 36 135 at the pre-primary level, USD 38 136 at the primary level, USD 39 934 at the lower secondary level, and USD 41 665 at the upper secondary level. Between 2000 and 2011, teachers' salaries increased in real terms in most countries.
    • On average in OECD countries, pre-primary school teachers' salaries in 2011 amounted to 80% of full-time, full-year earnings of tertiary-educated adults working in different occupations. Primary school teachers' salaries amounted to 82% of that income, lower secondary school teachers' salaries amounted to 85% of that benchmark, and upper secondary school teachers' salaries amounted to 89% of those earnings.
    | Attracting, Developing and Retaining Effective Teachers | OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) | International Summit on the Teaching Profession |
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    The data table will display up to six selected countries.
    Note: These values should be interpreted with care since they are influenced by countries' specific contexts and trade-offs. In education, there is often no simple most- or least-efficient model. For instance, the share of private expenditure in education must be read against other measures designed to mitigate inequities, such as loans and grants; longer learning time is an opportunity to convey more and better content to students, but may hinder investments in other important areas. If you want further information on the nature of different variables, please take the time to read the analysis and contextual information, available at the website for each publication.
    All rankings for individual variables are compiled on the basis of OECD and G20 countries for which data are available. The OECD average includes only OECD countries which are listed here: http://www.oecd.org/about/membersandpartners/

    For additional notes, please refer to annexes in the list of links below the introductory country profile text.